语法学习的几个小贴士 |
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中学英语教学资源网 → 英语论文 → 语法专题指导 手机版 | ||||
1、 定语从句中 语法书上规定“当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that, 不用which。”我们都知道:当先行词是人时,我们可以用that或whomwho作关系代词;当先行词是物时,我们可以用that或which作关系代词。当先行词既有人又有物时,到底用哪个关系代词就产生了矛盾---用who不能兼顾先行词有物的情况;用which不能兼顾先行词有人的情况,于是为了避免矛盾,干脆用双重身份的that。 1. 当主句是以whichwherewho开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词或副词一般用that而不用whichwherewho,是为了避免重复,产生歧义。例如: Who is the boy that is playing the piano? Which of the subjects that you are studying is the most difficult? 当定语从句位于句首时,用as引导,而不用which。例如: As was expected, she has married again. 如果用which引导定语从句放在句首,在交际中会产生歧义。例如上句: Which was expected, she has married again. 当听到“Which was expected”,很容易让人联想到特殊疑问句。因此为了避免引起误解,我们就只用as引导定语从句放在句首。 2. 小议“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词提前与不提前的情况。从句常由“介词+关系代词”来引导,关系代词which, whom在从句中作介词的宾语。例如: This is the classroom in which we are studying. 这就是我们现在学习的教室。 The film of which I am speaking is to be shown at the People’s Cinema next week. 我正在谈到的这部电影下星期在人民电影院上映。 但我们也经常碰到一些不能提前的介词,例如: The baby of whom she is taking good care is not hers. (×) The baby whom she is taking good care of is not hers. (√) 她正在照顾的孩子不是她的。 He is just the man from whom I heard last week. (×) He is just the man whom I heard from last week. (√) 他就是我上周收到来信的人。 II.在教学中经常有学生问到哪些词组的介词是不能提前的。其中有没有什么规律。每每这个时候我们总会说大家死记住就行了。难道就真的没有规律可循了吗? 可分介词的短语 不可分介词的短语 borrow from come across lend to send for speak to call on work with get through turn to take care of 我们仔细分析一下上表不难发现:若不可分介词的短语中的介词提前的话,会引起读者的歧义。如: come本意为“来,过来”,但come across意为“遇见,碰上”; hear本意为“听见”,但hear from意为“收到。。。来信”; III.名词性从句中用whether不用if的情况。 ⑴ 在不定式前只能用whether,不能用if。 The question is if to go or stay. (×) The question is whether to go or stay. (√) ⑵ 在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。 It depends on if he’s ready or not. (×) It depends on whether he’s ready or not. (√) ⑶ 在名词后只用whether不用if。 It’s your decision whether you go or stay. (×) It’s your decision whether you go or stay. (√) ⑷ 在与 or not 连用表示“是否,不论;无论如何,不管怎样;必定”时只用whether, 不用if。 I asked him if or not he was coming. (×) I asked him whether or not he was coming. (√) 相关链接:语法专题指导
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