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一、表运动方向的介词 1、表示“通过,穿过”:across, over, through ⑴ across:“横过”,强调从一边到另外一边。 He lay across the bed. 他横躺在床上。 One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. 一天查克飞越太平洋时,他的飞机突然坠毁。 ⑵ over:强调在物体上方或覆盖表面。 They ran over the grass. 他们跑过草地。 They covered over 60 li yesterday. 昨天他们走过了六十里路。 ⑶ through:强调通过一个空间,从物体之间穿过。 The sand ran through my fingers. 沙子从我的手指缝间漏了下去。 The sunlight was coming in through the window. 阳光透过窗户射进来。 练习:请从上述词语中选择正确的填空。 1. The plane is flying ________ the Pacific Ocean. 2. I’m afraid he is too fat to go _________ the door. 3. As is known, the River Thames flows ________ London. 4. I often help spread tablecloth _______ the table. 5. You should be careful when you walk ________ the road. 答案:1. over 2. through 3. through 4. over 5. across 2、表示“向……,朝……”:to, towards, for ⑴ to同go, get, come, run, fly等连用,强调到达目的地。 They came to the village at night. 他们夜里来到了这个村庄。 He flew to Guangzhou yesterday. 他昨天飞往了广州。 ⑵ towards表示“朝着,向着”,不强调到达目的地。 She walked towards the door. 她朝门走去。 He turned towards her. 他转向她。 ⑶ for同leave, start, set out, sail等连用,表示所去的“方向,目标”。 They have set out for the town. 他们已动身去那座城了。 The ship sailed for the island. 船向那座岛驶去。 练习: 1. It is reported that the sand storm is moving ________ the south year after year. 3. The robber was sent ______ prison for five years. 4. This train is ______ Brighton only. 5. The plane is flying _______ the north, but it’s difficult to decide which area it’s flying _____. 答案:1. towards 2. for 3. for 4. for 5. towards; to 3、inside和into ⑴ into意为“进入”,表示动作,必须同go, walk, run, fly等动态动词连用。 He came into the classroom. 他走进教室。 She jumped the water. 她跳进了水里。 ⑵ inside 意为“在……内,入内”,表示状态或动作,可以同动态动词和静态动词连用。 She walked inside the room. 她进到教室里面。 辨析下面句子的对错: The pen is into your box. (误,into不能表状态) The pen is inside your box. (正,inside表示状态) 二、表示时间的介词 1、“在……时候”:at, on, in ⑴ at表示时间点,指“在……时刻”,“在……岁时” He will come at 10:00 tomorrow. 他明天上午十点钟来。 At the end of the meeting, they sang the national anthem. 在会议结束时,他们唱了国歌。 ⑵ on表示特定的某天或某个时间,指“在…..(星期几,某日,某日的早,午,晚,夜等)的时候” I will attend the meeting on Monday. 我周一去开会。 His sister will come back from Canada on February 13th. 他姐姐2月13号从加拿大回来。 ⑶ The construction of the building will be finished in 4 months. 这座桥的修建将在四个月内完工。 The event happened in the 20th century. 这件事发生在20世纪。 注意:通常我们表示在早中晚用:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night。但如果表示早中晚等时间的词前后有表示时间的名词、表示特征的形容词或是定语从句修饰时,前面需用介词on。如: We will hold a party on Christmas night. 我们会在圣诞节的晚上举行晚会。 练习: 1. The railway was opened to traffic ______ April 4, 1999. 2. Early ________ morning of May 1, we started off for the mountain village. 3. Miss Li will come back _______ five o’clock this afternoon. 4. He left ______ a cool morning in autumn. 5. I go on holiday ______ summer. 6. I started work ______ the end of August. 答案:1. on 2. on 3. at 4. on 5. in 6. at 2、by, to和until表示“到……时间” ⑴ by表示时间时意为“截止到(过去或将来)某一时刻为止,在此之前”。 By the end of last month she had studied here for three years. 到上月末,她在这里学习已满三年。 By the end of 2050 China will become an advanced country. 到2050年,中国将成为发达国家。 ⑵ to常用于“from……to”中表示时间,也可用于计算时间。 They used to work from morning to night. 他们以前从早干到晚。 ⑶ until / till 意为“直到”,指执行的某件事一直延续到某一时刻未停止。 I waited for her until ten o’clock in the evening. 我等她一直到晚上十点。 Your passport will remain in operation until / till October. 你的护照在10月前有效。 练习: 1. It will be ready ______ (by, until) Thursday. 2. You will have to wait _______ (by, until) Thursday. 3. We ought to be there ________ (by, until) nine thirty. 4. ________ (by, until) the time you receive this letter I shall be back in Italy. 5. They worked ________ (by, until) ten and then went home. 6. It should have arrived ________ (by, until) now. 答案:1. by 2. until 3. by 4. by 5. until 6. by 三、表示工具,手段,方法的介词 ⑴ by 表示“乘……(交通工具)”,“通过……(方法)”。 They often go to school by bus. 他们常坐公交车上学。 He makes a living by teaching. 他靠教书谋生。 ⑵ with表示“以……工具,手段”,一般接具体的手段和工具。 Cut it with the scissors. 用剪刀把它剪开。 What will you buy with the money? 你准备用这笔钱买什么? ⑶ in后接语言名词或材料名词 Please pay it in cash. 请用现金支付。 Can you answer the questions in Chinese? 你能用中文回答这些问题吗? ⑷ through We can study the stars through a telescope. 我们可以用望远镜来研究星星。 We can improve our English through reading. 我们可以通过阅读来提高英语水平。 练习: 1. We see ______ our eyes, hear _______ our ears. 2. The book is written ______ French. 3. The letter is written ______ ink. 4. He was attacked ______ a dog. 5. You can reserve the tickets _____ phone. 6. It was _______ John that they found out. 答案:1. with; with 2. in 3. in 4. by 5. by 6. through 四、表示地点的介词 1、 at, in和on表示地点是怎样区别 ⑴ at表示一个点上的位置,指小地点, Who is the man at the gate? 大门口的那个人是谁? He lives at 180 Nanjing Road. 他住在南京路180号。 at the top of the house 在房顶上 ⑵ in表示在一个空间内,被人或物包围着。 I saw him in the library. 我看见他在图书馆。 We keep the money in the bank. 我们把钱存在银行。 ⑶ on 指两者互相接触,强调在一条线上或一个平面上。 He left for Guangzhou on the train. 他乘火车去广州的。 You’ve got mud on your shoes. 你鞋上有泥。 练习: 1. Put the picture ______ the wall. 2. The new city is ______ the Changjiang River. 3. My parents live _______ 105 Beijing Road. Their room is ______ the sixth floor. 4. We’ll meet ______ the park. 5. Mr. White lived ________ Hong Kong for 20 years. 答案:1. on 2. on 3. at; on 4. in 5. in 2、 to the south of, in the south of 和 on the south of ⑴ to the south of表示“在某范围外的南方”。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东方。 Guangdong is to the south of Hunan. 广东在湖南的南边。 ⑵ in the south of表示“在某范围内的南部”。 Guangdong is in the southeast of China. 广东位于中国的东南部。 The library is in the north of our school. 图书馆位于学校北边。 ⑶ on the south of表示“在……的南端”,指临近或接壤。 China faces the Pacific on the east. 中国东临太平洋。 Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 湖北在湖南的北边。 练习: 1. Shandong Province is ______ the east of China. 2. Mongolia lies ______ the north of China. 3. There are many islands _______ the northwest of Scotland, which is _______ the north of England. 答案:1.in 2. on 3. in, to 3、 in, into和on, onto ⑴ in表示静态,指物体位置的静止状态,意为“在……里”,反义词是out 。 She is in the bathroom. 她在浴室里。 Put the plate in the cupboard. 把盘子放到橱柜里。 ⑵ into表示动态,指动作的方向,意为“进……入”,反义词是out of。 The students went into the classroom one by one. 学生们一个接一个走进教室。 He changed into his uniform. 他换上了他的制服。 ⑶ on表示静态,指“在……上面”;而onto表示动态。 There are some books on the desk. 桌子上有些书。 An apple fell onto the ground. 一只苹果掉到了地上 练习:用表示地点的介词填空 in, into, out of, on, onto, off, inside, outside 1. The workers lifted the cars _______ the train. 2. Ken fell _______ the ladder when he was changing the light bulb. 3. Andrew normally goes to school _______ the bus. 4. When I was ________ my hotel room, I started to take my clothes ______ my suitcase. 5. There’s a bus stop right ______ our house. 6. Sally came _____ the house, got ________ her motorbike and rode away. 7. My car broke down this morning so I went to work _______ a taxi. 答案:1. into 2. off 3. on 4. in/inside; out of 5. outside 6. out of; on/onto 7. in 五、其它易混淆介词 about, on, of表示“关于” ⑴ about 侧重于与人或事物有关的实际或情况。 She feels very strongly about this. 她对此事态度非常坚决。 She told us about her experiences in America. 她跟我们讲了她在美国的经历。 ⑵ on是较正式的用法,表示较强的专业性和学术性。 He will give us a talk on modern science. 他将给我们做一个关于现代科学的报告。 注意1: about和on都可以表示“关于……”的意思,但a book on lions (一本关于狮子的书)很可能比a book about lions更正式和更含科学意义,后者可能是一本给小孩看的故事书。 注意2: 在speak, write, lecture, argue等后,可接about或on, 而在teach, learn, complain, read等后,可接about, 但不可接on。 ⑶ of侧重于粗略涉及,而about设计的情况详细得多。 练习: 1. The Red Army man told us a story _________ Chairman Mao. 2. Who made the report ________ the situation in the Middle East. 3. – Do you know about that man over there? -- No, I know little ____ him. 4. I have some books ______ Chinese history. 5. They are talking ______ the happy holiday. 6. They complained _______ the injustice of he system. 答案: 1. about 2. on 3. of 4. on 5. about 6. about 选择填空 1. The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism _______ the wildlife in the area. A. in B. on C. at D. with 2. They had a pleasant chat _______ a cup of coffee. A. for B. with C. during D. over 3. –What do you want _______ those old boxes? --To put things in when I move to the new flat. A. by B. for C. of D. with 4. Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain ________ an inch. A. by B. at C. to D. from 5. The sunlight came in _______ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. A. through B. across C. on D. over 6. –You are so lucky. –What do you mean ______ that? A. for B. in C. of D. by 7. The home improvements have taken what little there is ______ my spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at 8. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen ______ 20 percent. A. by B. at C. to D. with 9. I want two seats ________ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets. A. of B. about C. to D. for 10. ________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through 11. The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _______ 40p.m at the latest. A. until B. after C. by D. around 12. – How long ahs this bookshop been in business? -- _______ 1982. A. After B. In C. From D. Since 13. We offered him our congratulations ________his passing the college exams. A. at B. on C. for D. of 14. The doctor will be free ________. A. 10minutes later B. after 10 minutes C. in ten minutes D. 10 minutes after 15. He suddenly returned _________ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during 答案:1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C 下列句子中都有一个错误,请指正。 1. Please write in ink, not with pencil. 2. He shot the bird, but it flew away. 3. I heard that he left Changsha to Shanghai. 4. I prefer skiing than any other sport. 5. It is very important to learn to tell right with wrong. 6. This temple dates Roman times. 7. She had only a cold room to live. 8. The bus runs as 60 miles an hour. 9. In a cold winter, many wild animals may die from hunger. 10. This coat will be made your won measure. 答案: 1. with改为in 2. shot 后加at 3. to改为for 4. than改为to 5. with改为from 6. dates 后加from 7. live 后加in 8. as改为at 9. from改为of 10. as改为to 填写正确的介词 1. Don’t stand _______ the crossing ______ a long time. 2. A bridge is _______ the river. It was built _______ ourselves. 3. You are wanted ________ the phone. 4. There is a report _______ pictures ________ the newspaper. 5. ________ my great joy, the experiment has turned out to be a success. 6. The machine is ________ bad working condition. 7. I killed the pest _______ hitting it. 8. Don’t be late ________ class. You are_______ duty today. 9. He is working _______ a new novel. 10. I haven’t heard ___________ American country music. 11. What are you angry _______? 12. It is bad for your eyes to read ________ the very poor light. 13. He married his daughter _________ a foreigner. 14. They have kept ________ touch with each other for many years. 15. He works ________ a Chinese teacher in our school. 答案: 1. at; for 2. across; by 3. on 4. with; in 5. to 6. in 7. by 8. for; on 9. on 10. of 11. about 12. in 13. to 14. in 15. as 根据文意,用适当介词填空。 A Stan Crowe hopes to run against James Boto of Kenya in a 1500 meters race in Paris _______ June 16th. Both men will want to break Cliff Holding’s world record. Holding ran the 1500 meters _______ 3 minutes 28 seconds last year. Holding will also be running in Seattle _______ June 14th, two days _______ the Paris meeting. British fans have been hoping _______ several months to see Crowe win back his record. He last ran against Boto _______ April, when he fell and hurt himself ______ the race. He was just behind Boto ________ the time. The two men had not met ________ the last Olympic in Beijing. Crowe has had to rest ______ his accident, but he was back in action ________ seven o’clock ________ Saturday evening when he won a rather slow race in Edinburgh. He hopes to be fully fit _______ the end of this month at the latest. If he is not fit for Paris, he will have to wait ______ the Commonwealth Games. These games take place in Ottawa _______ August 14th _______ the 20th. B Farmer Jones was very lonely and very bored. He lived _______ himself _______ an old house _______ the edge _______ the village and rarely talked _______ anyone. The villagers thought that he ought to have a pet ________ company, but the only pet they could find was a dog ________ only one ear. When the farmer saw it, he shouted “Get ______ _______ my house.” The dog, _______ his surprise, responded _______ doing exactly the opposite. It wagged its tail and went ________ the house. The farmer started ______ the funny dog _______ a while and then said finally, “Well, you might as well stay, I suppose. Come and sit ______ ______ me.” The dog wagged its tail, but walked ______ _______ the man, and went to sit ______ the other side ________ the room. “Sit on the chair,” said the farmer. The one-eared dog promptly sat _______ it. The farmer took the dog outside and pointed up the roads; the dog immediately turned round and went _____ the road! “Why do you always do the opposite _______ what I tell you to do?” he asked. The dog just looked up ______ him ________ his head _____ one side, and his solitary ear sticking up ______ a radio aerial. 练习A:on, in, on, before, for, in, during, at, since, after/since, at, on, by, until/till, from, to/until/till 练习B:by, in, on, of, to, for, with, out, of, to, by, into, at, for, next, to, away, from, on, of, under, down, of, at, with, on, like 相关链接:教学论文
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