高三英语第二十二单元
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科目 英语
年级 高三
文件　high3 unit22.doc
标题 Bees
章节 第二十二单元
关键词 高三英语第二十二单元
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
　　通过本单元的学习，同学们可以了解到蜜蜂传递信息的方法，培养他们认真观察的能力，激发对科学研究的兴趣。
　　单元双基学习目标
　　Ⅰ. 词汇学习
　　amazing , spot , surround , astonishment , to one’s astonishment , troop , downward
　　Ⅱ. 交际英语
　　Prohibitions and warnings (禁止与警告)
　　1. You can’t / Mustn’t do ……
　　2. If you …… , you will ……
　　3. You had better not do ……
　　
　　4. Don’t smoke .
　　5. No noise , please .
　　6. Look out ! / Take care ! / Br careful !
　　7. Make sure you lock the door when you leave !
　　
　　8. Mind the wet paint !
　　9. Mind your own business ! 别管闲事 ！
　　10. Watch out where you are walking .
　　Ⅲ. 语法学习
　　复习定语从句和同位语从句的用法。
【指点迷津】
　　kind of 与 sort of
　　※ 表示“种、类”的意思时，kind 和 sort 同意，可有下列一些结构。
　　1 . kind ( sort ) of 后可接单数名词或复数名词，动词用单数形式。例如：
　　This kind of question ( questions ) is not easy .
　　2 . 也可修饰不可数名词。
　　That kind of food is too expensive .
　　3 . 口语中，常习惯说 These kind ( s ) of + 单数或复数名词，动词用复数。因其结构不太严谨，在书面语中常改用另一种说法。试比较：
　
　　These kind ( s ) of flower ( s ) are very beautiful .
　　
　　Flowers of this kind ( sort ) are very beautiful .
　　These kinds of deer are very rare .
　　Deer of this kind are very rare . 这种鹿非常罕见。
　　4 . 纵上所述，这类句子有六种说法，归纳如下：
　　A：口语说法有：
　　这种自行车是上海造的。
　　These kind of bikes are made in Shanghai .
　　These sorts of bikes are made in Shanghai .
　　These kinds of bike are made in Shanghai .
　　B：标准说法有：
　　这类事情常常能听到。
　　This sort of thing is often heard about .
　　This sort of things is often heard about .
　　Things of this sort are often heard about .
　　5 . 还应注意，在修饰不定代词时，this kind ( sort ) 常放在不定代词之后。例如：
　　I have never heard of anything of this kind .
　　※ a kind of…与…of a kind
　　1 . a kind of 表示“一种……”的意思。但并非都可译为“一种……”的意思。但并非都可译为“一种”，当有时由于对所说事物 ( 人 ) 不能确定其真正含义时，常常译成“大致可以说成是……”，“类似　　……的东西”。例如：
　　He is a kind ( sort ) of genius (天才) .
　　At the same time another kind of paper was developed . 同时另一种纸也被研制出来。
　　2 . …of a kind ( sort ) , 也有很多不同的含义。表示“同种类的”，“徒有其名的，劣质的，勉强算是……的”等意思。例如：
　　
　　Things of a kind come together . 物以类聚。
　　You bought some tea leaves of a sort yesterday . 你昨天买了什么劣质茶叶。
　　The boss gave his workers rice of a kind . 那老板给工人们吃极差的米饭。
　　※ kind ( sort ) 用于复数，也可用 of kinds ( sorts ) 形式。应注意修饰 kinds ( sorts ) 的形容词也应放在 of 之后。例如：
　　
　　People eat different kinds of food ( food of different kinds ) which change into energy。
　　He saw all kinds ( every kind ) of people ( people of all kinds/every kind . )
　　单元重点词汇点拨
　　1. amazing令人惊异的；了不起的
　　The new car goes at an astonishing speed .
　　〖点拨〗amazing可以作形容词。amazed作形容词是“被惊异”。amazement是名词“惊异，惊愕”。常用词组有：to one’s amazement使某人惊异的是…… 。如：
　　
　　I was amazed to find him there as well .
　　To my amazement I came first .
　　2. surround围绕，包围
　　Mystery surrounded the actress’s death . 女演员之死笼罩着神秘的气氛。
　　〖点拨〗该词常用于被动语态。surrounding是形容词“周围的，附近的”。如：
　　The wall surrounds the church . = The church is surrounded by / with the wall .
　　We found the village surrounded by a river .
　　The old man sat there telling stories , surrounded by some children .
　　The beauty of the surrounding scenery is beyond description .
　　另外，surrounding还常用复数形式表示“环境，周围的事物”。如：
　　She likes to bring up her child in healthy surroundings . 她希望在健康的环境中养育孩子。
　　单元词组思维运用
　　1. varieties of多种多样的
　　2. live in large groups群居
　　3. communicate with sb与某人交流信息
　　4. work with bees = make a study of bees = do research on bees 研究蜜蜂
　　5. to the left 向左 。on the left在左边
　　6. mark sth blue把某物标成蓝色记号
　　7. come to light被发现
　　8. set out to do sth = set about doing sth着手干……
　　9. fly through the air在空中飞行
　　10. be away on holiday外出研究
　　11. improve one’s understanding of增进对……的了解
　　12. out of the research of够不着的地方
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
　　单元难点疑点思路明晰
　
　　1.There are also other varieties that do not live in groups at all . 还有些蜂根本不群居。
　
　　〖明晰〗(1)variety n.变化：多样化；种种；种类。如：a variety of fruits各种水果， make a choice from three varieties of whisky 从3种威士忌酒中作一选择， a life full of variety丰富多彩的生活，different varieties of plant不同种类的植物。
　　(2)in groups 一组一组的；一群一群的。in large groups大批地。
　　2.…many more came to it one after another in a short time . 不一会儿，越来越多的蜜蜂很快就来了。
　　
　　〖明晰〗(1)one after another一个接一个地（着重表达连续性，且是三者以上）， 不时变 形为one…after another。但one after the other 一个接一个地（常指两个间的连续动作），有时也变形为one…after the other。而one by one 一个一个地，依次地（不着重连续性，而着重逐个，各个）如：
　　They entered the meeting-room one after another.
　　他们一个一个地进了会议室。
　　We destroyed the enemy forces one by one.我们各个地歼不敌军。
　　(2)in a short time 很快，不久。in such a short time 在如此短时间内。
　　3. Von Frisch wanted to find out whether the dance told them how far away the feeding place was . 冯．弗里施想要弄清楚这种舞是否告诉它们喂食的地方离得有多远。
　　
　　〖明晰〗how far away有多远距离（带与静态性动词连用）。而how far多远（多与移动性动词连用）。如：
　
　　How far did you go?你走了多远?
　　How far away do you live?你住得多远?
　　4.The dancer ran in a straight line, wagging from side to side . 跳舞的蜜蜂沿着直线跑，边跑边左右摇摆。
　　
　　〖明晰〗(1)in a straight line 以直线的方式。in 常用于表达形式、方式、排列等，译作 “按照，以，符合于”。 如：stand in a circle 站成圆圈， speak in a whisper低声讲话，run in threes and fours三五成群的跑，in a good order井井有条地，in my opinion/view以我之见。
　　(2)from side to side从一侧到另一侧；左右地。 已学过的类似无结构还有：from mouth to mouth 口口相传，from sun to sun 从日出到日落， from door to door沿门，挨家挨户地，from day to day日复一日地，from end to end从头至 尾(=from cover to cover), from hand to hand从一人之手到队人之手， from time时常，不时。
　　5. Back at the hive they watched the wagging dance closely . 他们回到蜂房旁，密切注视着摇摆舞。
　　〖明晰〗closely密切地。close 既可作形容词表“密切的”又可作副词表“紧紧地”亲近地。 象这种有两种形式的副词在使用中应注意：一般与形容词同形的副词不能用在动词 之前，而带-ly的副词可以；与形容词同形的副词不能置于It be…that强调句型中，而带-ly的副词则可以；表示距离远近、物体高度、深度及宽度时，与形容词同形的副词往往表具体含义；而加-ly的副词表抽象意义。又如：
　　We flew high in the sky.我们在高空飞行。
　　We think highly of their research.我们对他们的研究评价很高。
　　6. He set out to discover whether the wagging dance showed direction . 他开始着手发现这种摇摆舞是否表明方向。
　
　　〖明晰〗set out to do 开始干/set about doing开始干/set off for 出发到某地；使燥炸
　　7.sit up for sb; sit up with sb; sleep late; stay late; stay up
　　〖明晰〗(1)sit up for sb深夜不睡以等待某人；sit up with sb 熬夜照看（或护理）某人。如：He sat up for his son, who sat up with his sick mother-in-law.
　　
　　他深夜不睡等待儿子回家，他的儿子通宵未睡照看生病的岳母。
　　(2)sleep late睡懒觉；stay late（或stay up late）很晚才睡觉。如：
　　I wonder why Tom never sleeps late and Mike always stays up late.
　　我纳闷的是为何汤姆总是不睡懒觉，约翰又为何总是很晚睡觉。
　
　　8.put aside, put away, lay up
　　〖明晰〗以上三个词组在作“存钱”之意时，可互换。如：
　　(NMET 96)It's wise to have some money put away(或：laid up, put aside) for old age.为养老而储蓄些钱是明智之举。
　　但put aside着重“把……放到边”暂不去动它，或不现做某事，而put away着重“ 把……收藏起来”以便以后使用。如：
　　
　　Put your books aside. We are going to have a dictation.
　　把收放在一边，我们来听写。
　　Put all the instruments away on the shelf so that they won't yet broken.
　　把这些仪器收起来放到书架上以免打破了。
　　9.put an end to; put a stop to
　　〖明晰〗(1)put an end to 使结束，使终止，使消灭。如：
　　That accident put an end to his life.那次事故断送了他的命。
　　(2)Put a stop to=bring sth to a stop使……停下来（说明只是停止， 而不是终结）。如：
　　It's raining hard, we have to put a stop to the work.
　　雨下得很大，我们只好停工。
　　10.owe sb sth; owe sth to sb
　　〖明晰〗owe sb sth欠某人债务；应向某人表达……。如：
　　I owe her 20 yuan=I owe 20 yuan to her.我欠她20元。
　　We owe you an apology(=we owe an apology to you)我们应向您道歉。
　
　　owe sth to sb还可表达：应把……归功于……。如：
　
　　We owe our happy life to our Party.(注意这时不能改换为：we owe our party our happy life.)我们的幸福生活归功于党。
　　11.of one's own; on one's own
　　
　　〖明晰〗of one's own“自己的”，常作定语。on one's own“独自地，独立地”， 常作状语。如：
　　We have a house of our own.我们自己有一座房屋。
　　He directs the film on his own.他独自导演那部影片。
【妙文赏析】
　　A Bad Neighbor
　　
　　Mr . and Mrs . Wu were fed up with their neighbor . He was always borrowing things from them .
　　“ It's not right , ”Mr . Wu said to his wife one evening . “ At some time or another that man has borrowed nearly everything we have . Almost every day he comes over to borrow something . ”
　　“ You're quite right , ”his wife replied , “ and most of the thing he's never returned . ”
　　“ What I want to know , ”her husband said , “ is why can't he buy the things he needs , like everyone else ? ”
　　“ Because people like us are foolish enough to lend him what he needs , ”she replied . “ As long as we are willing to lend , he'll keep on borrowing . ”
　　
　　“ Then we'll never lend him anything again , ”Mr . Wu said . “ The next time he asks to borrow something , I'll say no . ”
　　
　　“ We must have a good reason for saying no , ”his wife said , “ and we must always try to be polite to him . We don't want to make an enemy of the man . ”
　　
　　It was not long before their decision not to lend their neighbor anything ever again was put to the test .
　　The next morning there was a knock on the door .
　　Mr . Wu went to answer it .
　　Their neighbor was standing there . Mr . Wu knew he was going to ask to borrow something , and was ready to refuse him politely .
　　
　　“ Good morning , ”their neighbor said , “ I'm sorry to trouble you , but I wonder if I could borrow your garden scissors . ”
　　
　　“ I'm sorry , ”Mr . Wu said , “ but I'm afraid my wife and I will be using them today . We'll be spending all day working in the garden . ”
　　
　　“ Oh , I see , ”the neighbor said , “ in that case , may I borrow your golf clubs ? You won't be needing them if you're working in the garden all day , will you ? ”
　
【思维体操】
　　1. If you were to throw a stone into the Red Sea , what would it become ?
　　2. What is a boxer’s motto ?
　　
　　3. What’s a 747’s motto ?
　　4. What’s every baby’s motto ?
　　答案：1. wet 2. If at first you don’t succeed , try , try again . 3. If at first you don’t succeed , fly , fly again . 4. If at first you don’t succeed , cry , cry again .
　　
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
　　单元语法发散思维
　　测试中的定语从句疑难点
　　※ 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词要和先行词的性、数保持一致。如：
　　This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens .
　　He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French .
　
　　注意： which 引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时 which 被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。如：
　　He said he a Frenchman , which was not true .
　　※ whose 引导定语从句时，从句前的先行词可以指人，也可以指物。如：
　　A young man from our school , whose name I have forgotten , has gone to Scotland .
　　This is the desk , whose legs we have repaired . (whose legs 可改为 the legs of which)
　　※ 介词 + 关系代词
　　1 . 根据动词选择介词。有些定语从句中的介词本身是从句的一部分，这样的介词可位于关系代词前，也可位于关系代词后，如：
　
　　I don't know the foreigner with whom my teacher shook hands .
　　(或 I don't know the foreigner(whom) my teacher shook hands with . )
　　但要注意：who 和 that 不能直接位于介词后作宾语；有的短语动词是不能拆开的，因为这些介词存在于关系密切的固定短语中，常见的这类短语有：look for , look after 等，如：
　　
　　This is the pencil that Ma Lili is looking for . (对)
　　This is the pencil for which Ma Lili is looking . (错)
　　2 . 根据先行词选择介词。介词和先行词之间构成习惯搭配，此时，介词一般位于关系代词之前，它和从句中的动词不存在逻辑或意义上的关系，如：
　
　　He stood by the window , through which he could see what was happening outside . (the window 是介词 through 的逻辑宾语)
　　
　　3 . 有时，介词 + 关系代词可转换为关系副词，这样的关系副词一般为 when , why , where。如：
　　This is the house in which (=where) Chairman Mao once lived .
　　Everyone knows the reason for which (=why) the High Dam was built .
　　I still remember the day on which (=when) we visited the temple .
　　※ 选用定语从句的引导词时，不能只看先行词，重要的是看引导词在从句中充当什么成份。如：
　　The evening that people spent singing and playing music was exciting . (充当宾语)
　　The Summer Palace , where we spent last Sunday , is a famous place . (作状语)
　　The islands of Britain that we visited last year are made up of four parts . (作宾语)
　　※ 避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的部分不可在从句中复现。如：
　　The factory where he works there is a large one . (应去掉 there)
　　This is the factory which we visited it last Sunday . (应去掉 it)
　　※ 注意关系代词的省略。
　　1 . 关系代词作主语不能省略。
　　　
　　2 . 作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。
　　3 . 关系代词 which 在非限制性定从句中作宾语也不能省略。
　　4 . reason , way 后的关系词可省可不省，如：
　　This is the reason(for which / why /that) he came last for class .
　　I don't like the was(in which / that) he talks .
【动脑动手】
　　单元能力立体检测
　　定语从句多项选择专练
　　1 . Finally the thief handed ____ he had stolen to the police .
　　A . everything B . that C . which D . all
　　2 . This is the highest building ____ .
　　A . we have ever built in out school B . that has ever been built since 1994
　　C . where all the senior students will live D . built for us to live in
　　3 . The building ____ are bright at night is our school library .
　　A . which B . whose windows C . where D . the windows of which
　
　　4 . The girl ____ is our new English teacher .
　
　　A . you spoke to B . that you talked
　　
　　C . of whom hair is beautiful D . you said something to
　　5 . She has two daughters , .
　　A . two of them are bright B . neither of whom works as a teacher
　　
　　C . who are both workers D . both of whom have gone to college
　　6 . The person ____ is a professor .
　　A . who is talking to the shop assistant B . that the shop assistant is talking to
　　C . whom you are talking D . with who they are talking
　　7 . That is the office ____ my mother once worked .
　　A . which B . in which C . when D . where
　　8 . The skirt is mine , ____ .
　　A . whose colour is blue B . that I bought last year
　　C . which cost me twenty yuan D . whose colour I am interested in
　　9 . The washing machine ____ works well .
　　A . I bought last Thursday B . my mother is eager to buy
　　C . whose sides are all white D . that is made in Shanghai
　　10 . Shanghai is the very place ____ .
　　A . which the foreigners are interested in B . the foreigners are eager to visit
　　C . where live a lot of foreigners D . what the foreigners like to stay at
　　11 . Joan is one of the best writers ____ .
　　A . who are thought highly of
　　B . whose books the people in the world enjoy very much
　　C . who have published a lot of books
　　D . that has been given medals
　　12 . the two friends met again , and they talked about a lot of things and persons ____ they could remember at college .
　　
　　A . who B . whom C . which D . that
　　13 . He is ____ everyone likes to work with .
　　A . one B . the one that C . the person D . whom
　　14 . This is the modern hotel ____ the visitors can enjoy all good things .
　　A . which B . in which C . that D . where
　　15 . The earth goes round the sun , ____ even a child knows .
　　A . which B . that C . as D . it
　　16 . The railway bridge _____ will be finished in two days .
　　A . which is being built now B . where we visited yesterday
　
　　C . we visited yesterday D . where there are a lot of busy workers
　　17 . Is that laboratory _____ ?
　　A . the one that we visited yesterday B . where we visited yesterday
　　C . the one we visited yesterday D . that we visited yesterday
　　18 . Is that the laboratory ____ yesterday ?
　　A . we visited B . where we saw the professor
　　C . the one we visited D . which we visited
　　答案：1. AD 2. ACD 3. BD 4. AD 5. BCD 6. AB 7. BD 8. ACD 9. ABCD 10. BCD 11. ABC 12. D 13. BC 14. BD 15. AC 16. ACD 17. AC 18. ABD
【创新园地】
　　下面是一些同学们在英语书面表达中经常译错的句子，出错的原因是易受汉语思维的影响。请你试一试。
　　1 . 我昨天收到了你的来信。
　　2. 感谢您的邀请
　　3. 在我住在你们家中期间，你们给了我许多帮助。
　　4. 如果你有空的话，请到我们的城市来参观。
　　5. 祝您成功。
　　6. 祝您旅游愉快。
　　7. 今晚将要举行英语晚会。
　　（请同学们写好后把答案反馈给我们）
【创新园地】答案：
　　1. I heard from you yesterday . / I received /got your letter yesterday . 或者：Your letter reached me yesterday
　　2 . Thank you fro your invitation .
　　
　　3 . While / When I stayed in your home , you gave me a lot of help .
　　4 . Please come to our city for a visit if you have time . / Please come to our city to visit if it is convenient to you .
　　5 . I wish you to succeed . / I wish you successful . / I wish you success .
　　
　　6 . May you have a good trip . / A good journey to you .
　　7 . There will be an English evening party this evening . An English evening party will be held this evening .
【同步题库】
　　Unit 22
　　一、从下列A、B、C、D 中选出一个最佳答案。
　　1. My father persuaded me not to time TV all day and all night .
　　A. waste ; to see B. spend ; to watching C. waste ; watching D. cost ; to see
　　2. Did you watch the TV broadcast of the football match last night ?
　　A. live B. alive C. living D. lively
　　3. She must have known the result of her maths exam , she ?
　　A. mustn't B. haven't C. hasn't D. isn't
　　4. The manager is over there . Why not make yourself him ?
　　A. know about B. known to C. known by D. known as
　　5. I'm glad to see you here . But in fact , I know you .
　　A. don't ; are coming B. don't ; have come
　　C. didn’t ; came D. didn't ; were coming
　　6. These wet clothes should to dry .
　　A. hung up B. be hung up C. hang up D. be hanged up
　
　　7. ，we plant young trees . And the young trees grow taller .
　　A. Year after year ; year after year B. Year by year ; year by year
　　C. Year by year ; year after year D. Year after year ; year by year
　　
　　8. She is a good student . She is always the first to school and the last school .
　　A. comes ; leaves B. to come ; to leave C. coming ; leaving D. come ; leave
　　9. The museum they visited last week the 15th century .
　　A. dates from B. dates back from C. dates since D. dating back to
　　10. Thinking you know in fact you don't is a terrible mistake .
　　A. that ; what B. that ; that C. what ; that D. what ; what
　　11. I feel like in the fresh air after supper , but I'd like at home today .
　　A. to walk ; to stay B. walking ; staying
　　C. to walk ; staying D. walking ; to stay
　　12. — Where are you from ?
　　— .
　　A. I'm British B. I speak English
　　C. I was born in Ireland D. I used to live in Wales
　　13. The that the church is great .
　　A. part ; makes B. parts ; plays C. part ; plays D. role , play
　　14. The girl took of the two oranges and gave one to her brother .
　　A. smaller ; bigger B. the small ; the big
　　C. the smallest ; the biggest D. the smaller ; the bigger
　　15. To be honest , that problem made me .
　　A. puzzled ; puzzled B. puzzling ; puzzling
　　C. puzzled ; puzzling D. puzzling ; puzzled
　　16. Everything must be ready . Chairman Zhang in ten minutes .
　　A. will arrive B. is about to arrive
　　C. is possible to arrive D. is probable to arrive
　　17. My cousin went abroad , that is , .
　　A. in his thirties ; in the 1990S B. in his thirty ; in the 1999
　　C. at the age of 30 ; in 1999s D. at thirty ; in 1990's
　　18. You won't get well unless you the doctor's advice .
　　A. hear B. listen C. follow D. receive
　　19. Our headmaster would like with the boy Henry .
　　A. to have words ; whose name is B. having a talk ; with the name of
　　C. have a word ; his name is D. to have a word ; named
　　20. — How are you getting along with your work ?
　　— I haven't made I should .
　　A. so more progress as B. as much progress as
　　C. as many progress as D. much progress like
　　二、完形填空。
　　We are often warned by our teachers not to waste time because time (1) will never return . 　I think it quite (2) . What does time look (3) ? Nobody knows , and we can't see it or touch it and no (4) of money can buy it . Time is abstract , so we have to (5) about it .
　　Time passed very quickly . (6) students say they don't have (7) time to review their lessons . It is (8) they don't know how to make (9) of their time . They waste it in going to theatres or parks , and (10) other useless things . Why do we study every day ? Why do we work ? Why do most people (11) take buses instead of walking ? The answer is very (12) . We wish to save time because time is (13) .
　　Today we are (14) in the 20th century . We (15) time as life . When a person dies , his life ends . Since life is short , we must (16) our time and energy to our studies so that we (17) be able to serve the people well in the future . Laziness is the (18) of time , for it not only brings us (19) , but also does other (20) to us . If it is (21) for us to do our work today , (22) us do it today and not (23) it until tomorrow . (24) that time is much more (25) .
　　1. A. lost B. passed C. missed D. used
　　2. A. important B. true C. common D. terrible
　　3. A. for B. like C. after D. over
　
　　4. A. amount B. quality C. quantity D. price
　　5. A. think B. imagine C. examine D. check
　　6. A. Such B. Some C. Sometime D. Most
　　7. A. spare B. free C. enough D. much
　　8. A. reasonable B. why C. because D. certain
　　9. A. good B. use C. something D. up
　　10. A. doing B. making C. taking D. getting
　　11. A. ought to B. have to C. would rather D. had better
　　12. A. easy B. simple C. obvious D. clear
　　13. A. worthless B. priceless C. limiting D. little
　　14. A. working B. living C. struggling D. advancing
　　15. A. look upon B. use C. think D. believe
　　16. A. devote B. spend C. give D. set
　
　　17. A. must B. should C. may D. can
　　18. A. helper B. thief C. butcher D. companion
　　19. A. wealth B. health C. failure D. illness
　
　　20. A. danger B. harm C. trouble D. difficulty
　　21. A. successful B. convenient C. necessary D. important
　　22. A. help B. let C. make D. have
　　23. A. keep B. remain C. repeat D. leave
　　24. A. Remember B. Think C. Realize D. Save
　　25. A. valuable B. expensive C. worth D. fragile
　　三、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
　　（一）
　　There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters (匪徒) in return for “protection” . If the money was not paid 　immediately , the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop . Getting “protection money” is not a modern means . As long ago as the fourteenth century , an Englishman , Sir John Hawkwood , made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters .
　　Then Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a group of soldiers and settled near Florence . He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto . Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other , Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to those who were willing to pay the high price he demanded . In times of peace , when business was bad , Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and , after burning down a few farms , would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them , Hawkwood made large sums of money with this method . In spite of this , the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero . When he died at eighty , the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had his picture painted , which was in memory of “this bravest man” .
　　1. What protection did Chicago gangsters give to those who paid them ?
　　A. They saved those people's businesses from destruction .
　　B. They left those people's business unharmed much .
　　C. They sent soldiers to serve them no matter what help they needed willingly .
　　D. They didn't take those people's lives
　　2. Sir John Hawkwood's Italian name ‘ Giovanni Acuto ’ was one which .
　　A. he gave himself in order to become better known to the Italians
　　B. he earned through his sharp practice of selling his‘protection’
　　C. he needed so as to hire his soldiers to Italians
　　D. was given him in telling his services to the others'
　　3. The Italians regarded Hawkwood as a sort of hero .
　　A. because they couldn't help admiring his bravery and boldness
　　B. as he aided the citizens in peacetime when business was bad for them
　　C. he had played an important role in their daily life
　　D. for he lived so long and was given a state funeral by the Florentines
　　4. From the passage , we can guess the gangsters were those .
　　A. who were of great importance to the poor
　　B. who made the businessmen do whatever they were in need of
　　C. who were always ready to be sent abroad
　　D. who did harm to others
　　5. According to the writer , Hawkwood was .
　　A. a sort of national hero B. an experienced leader
　　C. a brave soldier D. a noble gangster
　　（二）
　　The sun had gone behind a cloud . I was very tired and wanted nothing in the world so much as to be at home . At last I got to the gate of Hide Park . But this was worse than ever ; there were buses there — high and terribly red cars , taxis and still more buses in an endless line . Everywhere there were people hurrying past or waiting to get into the buses , while I stood lost in the middle of them .
　　I was ready to cry . In despair, I crossed the street on to an “island”,where I found a policeman . I took my last bit of courage in both hands and said , “Please , sir , where is Addison Road ? ” He began to explain , but when he saw that I couldn't understand he became helpless , too . “Are you French at school ?” A few minutes later , he smiled and raised his hand . How wonderful ! The traffic stopped . Even the red buses stood still and waited until I had crossed the road .
　　6. That is the most probable reason why she was tired out .
　　A. it had been very hot by then
　　B. the writer had been standing lost for a long time
　　C. the writer had been completely lost
　　D. the writer had been wandering in the park for a long time
　　7. Because the writer was made so worn out , .
　　A. she wanted nothing on earth but her home
　
　　B. she thought it perfect to stay at home
　　C. she would never leave her home at all
　　D. she didn't get to the park on time
　　8. In this passage “island”means .
　　A. a piece of land surrounded by water
　　B. a raised place in a busy street where people may be safe from traffic
　
　　C. a safe place that can only be used by policemen
　　D. a safe place that nobody can use without permission
　　9. Why did the traffic stop ? Because .
　　A. all the drivers could understand French
　　　
　　B. perhaps a certain driver had broken the traffic rules
　　C. all the drivers knew the policeman very well
　　D. the policeman was directing the traffic
　　10. In which country do you think the story happened ?
　　A. Switzerland . B. France .
　　C. England . D. A certain non-English speaking country .
　　四、短文改错
　　Mr. Wang is my physics teacher . He has 1.75 metres 1.
　　in the height . He was born on November 4 , 1952 . So 2.
　　he is a middle-aged man . Mr. Wang graduated Qinghua 3.
　　University in 1978 . After graduation , he becomes a middle 4.
　　school teacher . He has been taught physics for 20 years . 5.
　　He is a success as a teacher . He has been given a 6.
　　lot of honors . He is not only a good teacher in the 7.
　　physics but also speak English and Russian very well . 8.
　　In his spare time , he likes reading books , collect 9.
　　stamps and listening music . Also , Mr. Wang is kind-hearted . 10.
　　We all like and respect him .
　　【同步题库】答案一、 1. C 。2. A 。live “实况的”。 3. C 。对过去肯定推测的反意疑问句用have 与主语相一致。4. B 。5. D 。对说话前动作的陈述。6. B 。7. D 。8. B。序数词后常用不定式作定语。9. 　A 。date from = date back to 。10. A 。11. D 。12. A 。13. C 。该句是为强调part而使其提置句首，后跟that定语从句。play a part / role in 在……起作用；扮演……角色。14. D 。“the + 比较级 + of + the two + 复数名词”表“两者中最……”。15. D 。puzzling “令人迷惑的”，puzzled“被迷惑的”。16. A 。“be about to”不与表将来的时间状语连用。17. A 。18. C 。follow / take one's advice 听取……的意见， ask for one's advice征求…… 的意见。19. D 。have a word / talk with 和……聊一聊，have words with sb = quarrel with sb 和……争吵。 20. B 。二、1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5 B 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. C 20.B 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 三、 1 — 5 DBADD 6 — 10 DBBDC 四、 1. has 改为 is 2. 去掉 the 3. graduated 后加 from 4. becomes 改为 became 5. taught 改为 teaching 6. 对 7. 去掉 the 8. speak 改为 speaks 9. collect 改为 collecting 10. listening 后加 to

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