语法讲解 宾语补足语 学案设计(译林牛津版英语高二) |
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江苏省黄桥中学高一英语备课组 1. Firs let’s translate some phrases: 1)推选他做班长/队长/ 主席/ 总统/ 国王_________________2)把每天锻炼作为一个规定__________ 3)称这个地方为金三角__________________________4)称它为古英语/不明飞行物______________ 5)觉得做某事是快乐的事________________________6)认为帮助别人是我的职责________________ 7)认为撒谎是一种耻辱__________________________ 8)把门漆成更鲜艳的颜色______________ Summary: 名词作宾语补足语, 即: 主+谓+宾+宾补(名词),宾语和宾语补足语之间有一种逻辑上的主系表结构关系。能接这种宾语补足语的动词常见的有: call / name / consider / believe / think / find / feel / imagine/ elect / make / choose etc. Attention: 1) 当名词表示某人的职务、头衔时,作宾语补足语的名词前面通常不用冠词,如: appoint him minister to a foreign country 2) 作宾语补足语的名词通常与宾语在数上保持一致。如: make Joe his assistant / make Joe and Sue his assistants 3) 可用it作形式宾语 find / feel / think it +n find it my duty / fun / a pleasure to do sth. 2. Second , introduce other patterns. S+ V+ O+ Object complement.(adj/ adv.),其中的形容词可分为两类。一类形容词表示宾语所处的状态,如find sb open/ find sth rough; 还有一类形容词表示宾语的特征或心理状态,如:find sb disappointing, find sb interested in sth, find sb deeply moved 1) 证明他是错的 _____________________ 使我们保持暖和 _____________________ 2) 把衣服弄脏 _____________________ 让门开着 ____________________ 3) 认为最好你和我们在一起_________________使某人不安 _________________ 4) 发现盒子是空的________________________觉得有必要说出真相____________________________ 5) 使人发疯 ____________________________祝愿人人无灾无难_______________________________ 6) 发现她不在家__________________________把某人留下_________________________________ 8) 把门漆成黄色_________________________发现他是一个令人失望的人_______________________ 9) 觉得他对我的工作满意________________________ Attention : 1).常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有: find/ feel / think / make / get / keep / consider / drive / prove / wish / paint etc. 有时副词也可作宾语补足语。如: find him away from home / find him out / find him in / find him abroad 2).可用it 形式宾语 feel it necessary to make everything clear 3.非谓语动词作宾补 S + V + O + Object complement ( to do / doing / done ) A.不定式作宾补 常接带to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: ask/ advise / allow / permit/ forbid/ force / expect / want / wish / cause / warn / tell / order / would like / remind /like sb (not )to do 1) 请他们来帮你_________________________想要我早点儿到__________________________ 2) 盼望我们赢 _________________________ 吩咐仆人们打开窗子______________________ 3) 喜欢他人太太穿着漂亮_________________告诉他不要迟到__________________________ 注意不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,常见的动词有: hear/ listen to / let / make / have / see / notice / watch / look at / catch sight of / observe ect. 1) 让他写文章 _____________________注意到他进来并上了楼梯________________________ 2) 听见他播放CD ___________________觉得房子晃动过 ______________________________ Attention : 1) 动词原形作宾补,改为被动时,要加to,let 和have不用被动。be made to do / be listened to to do 2)注意一些固定句式中的不定式作主语补足语的时态形式。 He is said to study abroad soon. He is said to have studied abroad, but I can’t remember which country he studied in . He is said to be studying abroad, but I don’t know which country he is studying in . Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer . A .to have invented B .inventing C .to invent D .having invented B.现在分词作宾补(强调动作正在进行或现在的状态) 1)看见飞船在窗外飞 _____________________ 2)让我等了很久_________________________ 3)发现他在桌旁工作__________________________4)闻到某物烧焦了_______________________ 5)留下我在外面等着_________________________ 6)看见银行在被抢_______________________ Summary : 1) 这类动词常见的有:keep / find / leave / hear / see / smell / watch / get / send etc. 注意:有些动词的宾补形式不同,意义不同。如: get sb to do sth. 让某人去做 get sb laughing/ talking / get the clock going 让某人------起来 (sb)send sb to do sth 派某人去做 (sth ) send sb doing 使某人------ The question sent me thinking deeply. The telephone sent him hurrying home. C.过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补表示宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着被动关系,能接过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有:get/ have / make / hear / see / watch / notice etc.其中感官动词表示宾语被动接受某动作,如:get her three sons killed ,notice him knocked down by a car---而使役动词表示使或让某人做某事。如:get the car repaired / have the luggage weighed ---.注意不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时,只表示动作已完成,不表示被动的意思。如:She found her wallet gone. 1.) He saw many trees _______(cut )down . They got their village __________(surround)with trees. 2.) He left the door _________(unlock)when he was away. 3.) They foreigner had to make himself ________________(understand) by gestures. 4.) He often kept the door _______________(close) when she left the room. 5.) Nobody noticed her wallet ______(cut) open. Don’t let the source of water _______(polluted). 6.) Just now they saw the old houses __________(pull) down. 1) 请人理发_________________________ 听人说意大利语 _______________________ 2) 让眼睛闭着____________________________留下作品未完成 _______________________ 3) 让我们得到水的供应 __________________看到计划被执行_________________________ 4) 发现他坐在后面/ 他失踪了_______________使自己被明白 __________________________ 5) 尽快把信寄出去_________________________让这个案件得到调查______________________ 4.介词作宾补,如: find sb in the hospital/ put one’s books in good order find the trees in place / place her in a difficult situation / allow her into the room bring sth under control 5.有时as引导的短语也作宾补 regard him as our best friend / recognize him as the best leader 6.注意介词with 的复合结构(即介词with+宾语+宾语补足语) with the boy leading the way / with the water covering the surface of the earth with the surface covered with water / with his son disappointing with everything he needed bought / with two exams to worry about with many problems to settle / with time going by with the production up by 10% 1. The salesman scolded the girl caught ___________(steal) and let her off. A .to have stolen B .to be stealing C .to steal D .stealing 2. Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _______ went wrong again. A .it B .it repaired C .repaired D .to be repaired 3.The chairman thought _____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A .that B .it C .this D .him 4.With more forests _____________, huge quantities of good soil are being washed away. A .is being destroyed B .is destroying C .are being destroyed D .being destroyed 5.You should understand the traffic by now. I have had it _______________ often enough. A .explaining B .to explain C .explain D .explained 6.The flu is believed__________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A .causing B .being caused C .to be caused D .be have caused 7.The students expected ______ to be more reviewing classes before the final exams. A .there B .it C .that D .one 8. When he returned years later, he found his hometown _____________completely. A .to change B .change C .changing D .change 9.Peter wanted his TV ____ , but his wife would rather have it ____________. A .fixed, thrown B .to be fixed, be thrown C .fixed, throwing D .fixing, throwing 10.With ______leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A .falling, burying B .fallen, buried C .fallen, burying D falling, buried |
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