One、that与人称代词的用法区别 |
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One和that可以代替上文的名词,以避免重复.这两个词与人称代词在用法上有什么不同?这两个词之间在用法上有什么不同?本文拟就此作一些探讨. 一、人称代词与one和that的比较 1.人称代词是代替上文提到过的那个(或那些)人、事或物。而one和that并不是代替上文提到过的那个(或那些)人、事或物,而是代替上文提到过的同类的人、事或物。 为了说明这一点,下面让我们看两个句子,这两个句子既有人称代词,也有one和that: Brown’s old car is a good one; it is much better than our new one .句中的代替的不是car ,而是Brown’s old car;两个one代替的不是Brown’s old car,也不是old car ,而是car. Underground water reserves are much larger than those on the surface, but they are unseen.句中they代替the underground water reserves,而those 代替water reserves. 2.One和that与人称代词都有单复数形式。但人称代词代替上文提到过的那个(或那些)人、事或物,因而在数上必须与之相同;而one和that只是代替上文提到过的同类的人、事或物,因此可以根据需要采用其相应的单数或复数形式,如: What is the object of this experiment? We don’t see any connection between it (=this experiment) and those (=the experiment)you did before. There are two states of motion in all things, that(=the state)of relative rest and that(=the state)of conspicuous charges. 3.人称代词与one和that的不同之处还有很多。例如人称代词有性的区别,而one和that则无性的区别等等。 另外,就one 本身来说,作一般代词时,它可以有所有格形式one’s;而作代用词时,就没有所有格的形式,如: One should constantly think of one’s weakness. The speed of the new machine is much greater than that of the old one . 显然,上句中的that of the old one,不能写成the old’s that . 二、One和that的比较 1、代替不可数名词时,只能用that ,不能用one ,如: The volume of the sun is much greater than that of the moon. 2、代替可数名词时,可以用that,也可以用one .正式文体多用that,口语中用one.代替表人的名词时,单数一般用one ,复数则用ones或those 均可。如: 3、代替可数名词时,当该名词有前位修饰语(前置定语)时,则: a).只能用one ,不能用that,如: I like a strong cup of tea better than a weak one ,(不能用that ) b).当前位修饰语为名词所有格时,除非与形容词连用,否则就不能用one,如: My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John’s expensive one . This is my hat and that is my brother’s(不能写成my brother’s one ) c).当前位修饰语为own或基数词时,不能用one,如: I can’t write properly with your pen; I’d rather use my own.(不能用my own one ) You have three books ; I have only two.(不能用two ones) 4、代替可数名词,并且该名词无前位修饰语,只有后位修饰语(后置定语)时: a).可以用that,也可以用one, 如: The children who do best in examinations are not always the ones(或those)with the best brain. b).当of 介词短语作后位修饰语时,多用that.如: The light of the sun is much greater than that of the moon. 相关链接:教学论文
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