谈一谈that 引导名词性从句 (中学英语教学论文)
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陕西乾县第一中学 ――唐寒
2005-11-4
同位语从句常用that 来引导，that引导的同位语从句在名词性从句的学习是非常重要的，那么，如何来掌握that引导的名词性从句呢？我认为应从以下几个方面掌握：
1. that 引导从句的“三不”。
2. that 引导各名词性从句的特点
3. that 引导名词性从句与引导定语从句的区别。
4. that 与what引导名词性的区别。
一．That 在名词性从句中，起连词的作用，在从句中不起语法功能，即不作任何成分，也不含有任何意义，引导名词性从句时，不可省略，故称：“三不”。
二．That引导名词性从句的特点
1.that引导同位语从句：
当that引导同位语从句时，that从句前常有名词，
1) The idea that England stands for Fish & Chips ,Speaker’corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is Past
2) The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.
3) The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering
与 that 同位的名词常有下列名词：
news ，fact, hope, idea, suggestion, promise, thought, doubt, belief, truth, request, proposal, demand etc.
2. that 引导表语从句
当that引导表语从句时，常用下列句式：
It happens that.. It appears that…. It seems that…. It turns out that….
It proves that…. The reason is that…
1) It appears that he has gone mad。他好像是疯了。
2) It proves that his promise is wrong.。 他的预言证明是错误的。
3) The reason is that he has not passed the exam. 原因是他考试没有及格。
4) It turns out that the situation is quite serious.形势结果是相当严重的。
3. that 引导主语从句。
由连词引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下被放到句子的后面，用it 作形式主语来代替它的位置。常见的以it作形式主语的主语从句的句型有三种。
A. It + be + 形容词+that从句
适用于这种句型的常见形容词有：necessary，clear，true，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，abvious，surprising etc。
1) It’s clear that they badly need help。很明显，他们急需援助。
2) It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon. 很可能飓风马上就要来了。
3) It’s possible that we can carry out the project at last. 最终我们能完成这项工程是有可能的。
*** necessary，clear，true，strange,important,wonderful，possible, likely, obvious, surprising, ashtonishing,etc.谓语动词的形式一般为“should ＋ 动词原形”
4) It is necessary that you (should)master the computer. 你很有必要掌握电脑。
5) It is important that a student learn English well. 学生学好英语很重要。
6) It is strange that he should have killed himself .真奇怪，他竟然自杀了
B. It +be +名词词组+ that从句
常用于这种句型的名词词组有：a fact， a good idea，a pity，an hour，a shame，no wonder，good news etc.
1) It’s a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。
2) ――Tom has a bad cold. 汤姆患了重感冒。
――it is no wonder that he looks pale. ――难怪他看起来脸色苍白。
3) It it a great shame that he should have stolen a pen. 他竟然偷钢笔，真是太丢脸了。
Shame 所用的句中要用虚拟语气。
C. It + be+ 过去分词+ that从句
常有的过去分词有：said，reported, hoped,belived, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggested 等。
1) It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
2) It’s reported that the two countries have made an agreement about their trades.
据报道这两个国家就贸易问题达成协议。
3) It’s said that the rocket has been sent off in the space successfully.
据说火箭已经成功地发射到宇宙中。
**过去分词表示：建议，命令，愿望如suggested ， ordered， requested等词时，从句需用虚拟语气。动词形式为：should ＋ 原型。
1) It is requested that Mr.Wang (should)give a performance.有人请求王先生表演一个节目。
2) It is suggested that we should discuss the problem .有人建议我们应该讨论一下这个问题。
三．That 引导名词从句与定于从句的区别。
That 引导名词性从句时，特别是引导同位语从句时 that从句是对它前面所限制的名词所包含的内容作进一步的解释和说明，that 在从句中不作任何成分；而that 引导定语从句时，它不涉及先行词的具体内容，that 在从句中不仅起连接作用，而且还在从句中充当句子的成分。
1. We expressed the hope (that) they had expressed. 我们表达了汤面曾经表达了的希望。
（that 引导的从句是定语从句，that 可省略）
2. We expressed the that they would come to China again. 我们表达了这样的希望：欢迎他们在来中国。（that 引导的从句是同位语从句，that不能省略）
3. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many .
大不列颠有三个国家组成的事实对许多人来说还不知道。
（that 引导的是同位语从句，that只起连接作用）
4. The state that consist of three countries is developing very fast.由三个国家组成的国家发展很快。（that 引导定语从句，在从句中充当主语）
四．That 与what引导名词性从句。
That 引导名词性从句时，它在从句中只起连词的作用，而what 引导名词性从句时，不仅起连接作用，而且在从句中承担一定的成分。
1. What he wants is a book。他想要的是一本书。（what 引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语）
2. The result is that we won the game.众所周知，光是沿直线运行。
（that 引导表语从句，只起连接作用）
3. This is what we are looking for. 这是我们正在寻找的东西。
（what 引导表语从句，它在从句中作looking for 的宾语）
4. What excited us most was that he passed the exam. 使我们感到兴奋的是，他考试通过了。（what 引导主语从句，在从句中作主语：that引导表语从句，它在从句中不作成分）
5. The trouble is that they say doesn’t agree with what they do.问题是他们说的与他们做的不一致。（that 引导表语从句，不作成分，what 引导从句作介词with 的宾语，而且what 在宾语从句中作do 的宾语。）
Excises：
1.Information has been put forward _______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D.as
2. ____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What / because B. What/ that C. That/ what D. That/ because.
3._____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D.It.
4. He asked _____ for the violin. （MET’92）
A．did I pay how much B。I paid how much C。How much did I pay.
D．how much I paid。
5.Someone is ringing the doorbell, Go and see______(2000 Shanghai)。
A.who is he B who he is C who is it D who it is 。
6.____ you don’t like him is none of my business. (92’Shanghai)
A．what B who C where D whether.
7.Some researchers believe _____ there is no doubt ______ a cure of for AIDS will be found.
（2005 Guangdong）
A．what/which B what/that C that/that D that/ whether
8. It’s what you do rather than what you say _____ matters. (2005 Tianjing)
A．that B what C which D this
9.A computer can only do _____ you have instructed it to do .
A．how B after C what D when
10. I read about it in some book or other. Does it matter ______ it was ?
A．where B what C how D which
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