从近年高考试题看“倒装”结构 (中学英语教学论文)
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以下为近几年涉及到“倒装”的高考题。
1.___ can you expect to get a pay rise.
A. With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
（NMET2000 春招）
2. Not a single song ____ at yesterday's party.
A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing
(2000 上海)
3. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life____ so happy.
A. did I feel B.I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
(NMET2000 春招)
4. —David has made great progress recently.
—____, and ____.
A. So he has... so you have B. So he has... so have you
C. So has he... so have you D. So has he... so you have
(1997 上海)
5. Not until all the fish died in the river, ____ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize
(NMET1995)
（Key: 1----5 CCDBA）
英语句子的正常语序(Normal Order)是主语放在谓语动词前。如果句子的谓语动词位于主语之前，这种语序被称作倒装语序(Inverted Order)。倒装语序有全部倒装和部分倒装两种。一般说来，英语中有两种情况需要使用倒装句：一种是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，另一种是由于修辞需要而进行的倒装。
1)语法倒装
①疑问句中的倒装。例：
Is it necessary to keep the brushes in water?
How can we find out who are using these computers?
②在there be (或there十其他表示状态的动词) 结构中的倒装．例：
There are a lot of people in the room．
There stands a weather station at the top of the hill．
③在以here，there，now，then等引起的句子中，动词是be，come，go等
时，常用倒装形式以引起注意。例：
There goes the bell！
Now comes your turn．
如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。例：
Here we are．
④在so，nor，neither开头的句子中，须用倒装语序。例：
All animals need air and so do plants．
If you won’t go，neither shall I.
2)修辞倒装
①具有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首，担任状语时，要用倒装。常见的 词有：never，seldom，1ittle，hardly，not until等。另外，含有否定意义的关联词neither… (nor)，no sooner…(than)，hardly…when，not only…(but also)等位于句首时也须用倒装。例：
Never have I dreamed of it．
Not Until midnight did it stop raining．
Hardly had he arrived when he started complaining．
Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quite, beautiful place．
②as引导的让步状语从句中，要用倒装语序。例：
Old as he was, he studied English hard.
Brave as they were , the danger made them afraid．
注：though引导的让步状语从句中，也可用倒装语序。
③为了生动地描写动作，在in，out，away，up，down，off等副词开头的 句子中常用倒装语序。例：
Up went the rocket into the air.
Following a roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.
在此结构中，当主语是代词时，用正常语序。例：
Away they went. / Down it flew.
④当“only +状语”用于句首表示强调时，要用倒装语序，如果不在句首，则用正常语序。例：
Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation there.
Only when we had a talk with him did we come to know that he was a Japanese .
○ 当“ so (such) ... that" 结构中的so, such 放在句首加强语气时，要用倒装。
例：
So excited was he ( = He was so excited ) that he couldn't speak.
Such was the force of the explosion(爆炸) that all the windows were
broken .
（小周）
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