如何学好主谓一致 (中学英语教学论文)
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主谓一致在中学英语中的重点语法项目，也是高考必考点之一，尤其在单项选择合短文改错之中更是重中之重。同学们要想掌握好主谓一致，就应该重点把握语法一致、意义三大一致原则：
一、语法一致性原则:主要指谓语动词的单、复数形式应由主语的语法形式来决定。即单数的主语跟单数动词保持人称与数的一致，复数的主语跟复数动词保持人称与数的一致。
1、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语应被看作是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
To work hard is necessary． How you can get there is a problem．你怎么去那里是一个问题。
2、不定代词each，either，neither， one，the other，anybody，somebody，something，everyone，nobody，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如： Each takes a cup of coffee．每人喝一杯咖啡。 Is everyone present？每一个人都到了吗？
3、用and连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。但如果这两个并列的名词是指同一人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词则用单数。例如：
The poet and the writer are both from Canada．那位诗人和那位作家都来自加拿大。
The poet and writer is from Canada．那位诗人兼作家来自加拿大。
4、若主语后面有with，together with，as well as， besides，including，like，but，except等引起的短语时，谓语动词不受该短语中名词数的影响，仍和主语的数保持一致。例如：
A woman , together with two children ,has come．一个妇女带着两个孩子来了。
The students as well as their teacher like this painting．学生和他们的老师都喜欢这幅画。
二、意义一致性原则:是指主语与谓语之间的一致关系不单是由主语的语法形式来决定的，而是由主语所表达的意义所决定的。形式上是单数的主语，其谓语动词也有可能是复数形式；反之，形式是复数的主语，其谓语动词也有可能是单数形式。总之，主语与谓语还需要保持在语言意义上人称与数的一致。例如：
1．有些集体名词，如people，cattle，police等形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词需用复数。例如:People read for pleasure during their spare time．人们在业余时间读书自娱。
Cattle feed on grass．牛以草为食。
2．有些以-sh，-ese，-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。例如： The English like to be with their families at Christmas．
3．当family，class，company，group，public，government，team，population等集体名词作主语时，若作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数；若着眼于组成该集体的一个个成员或个体时，则用复数。例如： My family is a happy one．My family are well．
The population in China is very large and 80％ of the population are farmers．
4．单复数同形的名词，如means，sheep，deer，works（工厂）等作主语表示复数意义时，谓语动词用复数；表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数。例如：
Every possible means has been tried． All possible means have been tried．
5．表示时间、度量衡、距离、价格的复数名词作主语，一般作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数。例如： Six hundred miles is a long distance．六百英里是一段很长的距离。
6．国名、人名、书刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语，形式上即使是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。例如： One Thousand & One Nights is a famous Arab novel.
7．以－ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：physics,mathematics
Politics is often a topic for discussion among us．政治常常是我们讨论的课题。
三、最接近原则:指谓语动词的单复数的形式与其最接近的主语的保持人称与数的一致。例如：
1．用or，either ．．．or，neither ．．．nor，not only．．．but also,not…but…等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与其邻近的主语保持人称与数的一致。例如：Was your brother or you there then？ Neither you nor I am fit for the job， I think．我认为，你和我都不适合这个工作。
2．在there be或其它倒装结构中，谓语动词一般与邻近的主语保持人称与数的一致。例如：
There is a pen，a notebook and some books on the desk．
主谓语一致性原则配套练习:
1.Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.
A. know　　　 B. knows　　 　 C. have known　　　 D. is known　　　 (86)
2.All but one _____ here just now.
A. is　　　 B. was　　　　　　 C. has been　　　　 D. were　　 (87)
3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is　　　　　 B. are　　　　　　 C. am　　　　　　 D. be　　　　　 (88)　　　　　　
4.A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered　 B. have offered　 C. are offered　　　 D. has offered　　(90)
5.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A. is not decided　　 B. are not decided C. has not decided　　 D. have not decided　(91)
6.The number of people invited ____fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
A. were , was　 B. was , was　　　 C. was , were　　　　 D. were , were　　　(96)
7._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth , is　　　B. Two fifth , are C. Two fifths , is　　 D. Two fifths , are (2000)
8.This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A. have　　　　 B. has　　　　　　 C. have been　　　　　D. has been　　　　　　　
9.Between then two rows of trees _____ the teaching building.
A. stand　　　 B. stands　　　　 C. standing　　　　 　D. are
10.All that can be done______.
A. has been done　　　 B. has done C. have done　　　　　 D. were done
11.They each _____ a new dictionary.
A. has　　　　　 B. have　　　　　 C. is　　　　　　　　　　 D. are
12.The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.
A. has　　　　　 B. have　　　　　 C. are　　　　　　　 D. is
13.I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _____more difficult.
A. is　　　　　 B. are　　　　　 C. was　　　　　　　　　 D. were
14.The wounded _______ by the hospital.
A. have been taken in　　　B. have taken in　 C. has been taken in 　D. has taken in
15. Email, as well as the telephone, _____ an important part in our daily communication.(上海01)
A. is playing B. are playing C. plays D. play
主谓语一致性原则配套练习参考答案
1-5: BDBAA　　 6-10: CCCBA　　 11-15: BBACA
（小周）
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