2012届高考英语顶尖学案：新课标人教版Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars　——天文学：恒星科学(新课标版高考复习英语下册教案教学设计)
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核心词汇
1．Do you think our education____________(制度)needs improving?
2．The____________(气候)of southern Florida attracts thousands of tourists each winter.
3．Without practice there would be no____________(理论)．
4．The hen was old and it stopped____________(下蛋)eggs.
5. The idea____________(存在)only in the minds of us young people.
6．Professor Li has solved the____________(难题)and everyone is cheering.
7．Mars’__________(万有引力)is only about 38% of Earth’s.
8．Raising your child to tell the difference between right and wrong is one of the f____________tasks of parenthood.
9．用harm的适当形式填空
(1)Air pollution will get worse and this will be____to people，for example，it can cause cancer.
(2)Rubbish can be changed into____________things.
(3)Don’t____________your eyes by reading in the dim light.
10．Last night we had a discussion，which became more and more____________.Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use____________whatever happens.(violent)
1.system　2.climate　3.theory　4.laying　5.exists 6.puzzle　7.gravity　8.fundamental　9.(1)harmful,(2)harmless　(3)harm　10.violent；violence
高频短语
1．________________　　及时，终于
2．________________ 下蛋
3．________________ 产生；分娩
4．________________ 轮到某人；接着
5．________________ 阻止；制止
6．________________ 挡住(光线)
7．________________ 感到高兴；感到振奋
8．________________ 既然
9．________________ 突发；爆发
10．________________ 密切注视；当心；提防
1.in time　2.lay eggs　3.give birth to　4.in one’s turn　5.prevent...from　6.block out　7.cheer up　8.now that,9.break out　10.watch out
重点句式
1．________________was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
随后它会变成什么没有人知道，直到38～45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。
2．The earth became ____________ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
地球变得如此猛烈，以至于它的形状能否持久还不清楚。
3．This produced a chain reaction，which __________________.
这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命有可能发展了。
4．We watched，________________ on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
5．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried _________ on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
6．“...walking does need a bit of practice ________________ gravity has changed.”
“……既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。”
1.What it was to become　2.so violent that　3.made it possible for life to develop　4.amazed as fire broke out,5.twice as far as　6.now that
知识详解
1.exist　vi.　存在，生存
(回归课本P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
[归纳拓展]
①(牛津P697)They can’t exist on the money he’s earning.
他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。
②There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。
③No one knows how this world came into existence.
没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。
[例句探源]
[即境活用]
1．完成句子
(1)巴基斯坦在战后就以一个独立的国家存在了。
Pakistan ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________country after the war.
答案：came into existence as an independent
(2)就我所知，他们收入微薄，几乎无法维持生活。
As far as I know，they are paid hardly enough________ ________ ________.
答案：to exist on
2.puzzle　n．　谜；难题　vt. & vi.　(使)迷惑；(使)为难
(回归课本P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。
[归纳拓展]
①(牛津P1616)What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.
令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。
②The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.
警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。
[例句探源]
③Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years.
多年来科学家们一直试图解开这一谜团。
④(牛津P1616)He looked puzzled so I repeated the question.
他好像没听懂，于是我又把问题重复了一遍。
2．She lost heart since she failed in the exam.She felt________about her future.
A．puzzle　　　　　　　　B．puzzling
C．puzzled D．puzzles
解析：选C。后句句意：她对她的将来感到迷惑。puzzled adj.(人)迷惑的，迷惘的；puzzling adj.(物)令人迷惑的。
[即境活用]
3.pull　n. & vt.　拉(力)；拖；牵引力
(回归课本P30)As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.
随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。
[归纳拓展]
①He pulled the door open and rushed out.
他拉开门，冲了出去。
②(牛津P1604)The police car signalled to us to pull in.
警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。
③We waved as the train pulled out of the station.
火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。
④The doctor told me that I would pull through.
医生告诉我，我会康复的。
[例句探源]
【高效记忆】
3．用pull down；pull in；pull out；pull through填空：
(1)Houses were________to make way for a new highway.
答案：pulled down
(2)Cheer up！Take more exercise every day and you will________.
答案：pull through
[即境活用]
(3)John________behind me and parked.
答案：pulled in
(4)Be careful when you ________of the driveway.
答案：pull out
4.in time　及时；终于，总有一天
(回归课本P25)They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.
最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
[归纳拓展]
①The kids will be leaving home in no time.
孩子们很快就要离开家了。
②(朗文P2162)Will you be back in time for dinner?
你会及时赶回来吃晚饭吗？
③(朗文P2162)I should be back in time to watch the show.
我应该及时赶回来看那场演出。
④The company fired him for not coming to work on time.
那家公司因他不按时上班而解雇了他。
[例句探源]
4．Will you be home________to see the children before they go to bed?
A．on time　　　　　　　　B．in time
C．at a time D．at one time
解析：选B。句意：你会在孩子们上床睡觉之前回来看他们吗？in time意为“及时”，符合题意。on time按时；at a time每次；at one time曾经。
[即境活用]
5．________， I lost heart in English learning，but my teacher often said to me，“Keep on studying hard，and you’ll succeed________.”
A．At a time；in time
B．At a time；on time
C．At one time；in time
D．At one time；on time
解析：选C。考查由time 构成的固定搭配的用法。句意：曾经，我对英语学习失去信心，但老师常对我说：“坚持不懈的努力，最终会铸就你的成功。”at a time“每次”；at one time“曾经，一度”相当于once；in time“及时，迟早”，当“迟早”讲时相当于sooner or later；on time“按时，准时”。由句意知应选C。
6．(2010年江西景德镇模拟)—Does he often ask you for help?
—Oh，no，only________.
A．all the time　　　　　　 B．at one time
C．at a time D．at times
解析：选D。all the time一直；at one time曾经；at a time一次；at times有时。
7．—I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday.
—________.
A．Don’t be afraid B．Be careful
C．Not at all D．Take your time
解析：选D。句意：——恐怕我不能在星期五之前把这本书还给你。——慢慢来，别着急。Don’t be afraid别害怕；Be careful小心，当心；Not at all一点也不；Take your time即to use as much time as you need without hurrying“不用急，慢慢来”。根据题意只有D项符合句意。
5.in one’s turn　 轮到某人；接着
(回归课本P26)Thus they have，in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.
于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物 。
[归纳拓展]
①When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.
当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。
②The customer praised the manager，who in turn praised his staff.
顾客表扬了经理，经理转而表扬了员工。
③All theories are derived from practice and in turn serve practice.
所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。
④Now it is your turn to look after the children.
现在轮到你照看孩子了。
[例句探源]
8．People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this________creates further problems.
A．in short　　　　　　　 B．in case
C．in doubt D．in turn
解析：选D。in turn 在该题中的意思为“反之；反过来”。
[即境活用]
6.prevent...from...　防止某事发生
(回归课本P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。
[归纳拓展]
①(朗文P1612)Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving.
守卫站在门口阻止任何人离开。
②Once he has made up his mind，no one can prevent him from carrying out the plan.
一旦他下定决心，谁也阻止不了他执行这个计划。
③His advice kept me from making a serious mistake.
他的忠告使我免于犯一个严重的错误。
[例句探源]
9．All possible means ________.However，nothing can________him dying of lung cancer.
A．has tried；stop
B．have tried；keep
C．has been tried；prevent
D．have been tried；stop
解析：选D。前一句的主语是All possible means，means用all 修饰，看作是复数，后面的谓语动词要用复数形式并且用被动语态；后一句是“阻止某人做某事”，him 后省略了from，故选D。
[即境活用]
7.cheer up　(使)高兴；使振奋；感到振奋
(回归课本P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。
[归纳拓展]
①(牛津P327)Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up.
给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。
②The good news cheered (up) everybody who heard it.
喜讯使每一个听到的人感到高兴。
③The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang.
看到刘翔后，人群热烈欢呼起来。
④They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports teams.
她们这样做是为了鼓励人们为她们的球队加油。
[例句探源]
10．—I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.
—________！I’m sure you’ll make it.
A．Go ahead　　　　　　　B．Good luck
C．No problem D．Cheer up
解析：选D。句意：——我正在考虑明天考试的问题，恐怕这次我会不及格。——振作起来！我相信你会通过的。根据上下文只有Cheer up “振作起来”符合题意，而Go ahead继续；Good luck好运气；No problem没问题，均不符合题意。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】　“...walking does need a bit of practice now_that gravity has changed.”(P31)
“……既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。”
【句法分析】　now that由于；既然，引导原因状语从句，有时that 可以省略。
①Now that you have finished your work，you’d better have a rest.
既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。
②Now (that) the weather is fine，let’s go for a ride.
既然天气那么好，我们开车去兜风吧。
③Now you have grown up，you can make up your mind by yourself.你已长大了，可以自己做决定了。
[易混辨析]
because，since，as，for，now that
(1)because语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，回答提问时，一般放在主句之后。
(2)since语气较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。
(3)as语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由，从句一般放在主句前。
(4)for是并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。for表示这一用法时需放在两句之间。
①He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday.
②Since you can’t answer the question，I’ll ask someone else.
③As there was no answer，we wrote him again.
④It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.
[即境活用]　
11．________you’ve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.
A．Now that　　　　　　　　B．After
C．Although D．As soon as
解析：选A。句意：既然你得到了一次机会，不妨充分利用它。
12．—Did you return Fred’s call?
—I didn’t need to________I’ll see him tomorrow.
A．though B．unless
C．when D．because
解析：选D。根据语意看，后面的句子表示“没有必要的原因”，所以用because。
2【教材原句】　But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31)
而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
【句法分析】　倍数的表达方式。
(1)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。
(2)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。
(3)“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width，etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。
(4)A＋倍数＋what从句。
①There are five times more books in our library than in yours.
我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。
②Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as it did last year.
我们的城市今年的降雨量是去年的两倍。
③My house is twice the size of my parents’．
我的房子是我父母的两倍大。
④The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
现在的产量是10年前的3倍。
[即境活用]　
13．(2009年高考辽宁卷)Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost________ his.
A．as much twice as　　　B．twice as much as
C．much as twice as D．as twice much as
解析：选B。句意：彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但是却是他的价钱的两倍。考查倍数句型“倍数＋as＋原级＋as...”。
14．Ten years ago the population of our village was ________that of theirs.
A．as twice large as B．twice as large as
C．twice as much as D．as twice much as
解析：选B。句意：十年前我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。population往往与large或small搭配，且形容词比较级的结构之一为：倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as...。
（小周）

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