牛津译林版高中英语单元复习学案Unit 1　School life(译林牛津版高三英语必修五学案设计)
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词汇导练
1．He searched in his drawer and at last____________(挑选)the best one for me.
2．A successful businessman usually has ____________(经历)many ups and downs in his life.
3．My brother has a great interest in ____________(文学)and history.
4. ____________(尊重)others is the most important thing in making friends.
5．The girl’s ____________(文章)has already been published in a famous magazine.
6．I ____________ of your trying to earn more money，but please don’t neglect your studies.
7．He hopes to ____________ all his aims by the end of this year.
8．He was paid more money because he did ____________ hours of work last week.
9．The poor mom cried ____________ she heard that her son was seriously injured in the traffic accident.
10．With the financial help of some kind people，the girl was able to ____________ her schooling.
11．Business training is a good ____________(prepare)for many careers.
12．Anne lived in ____________ during World War Ⅱ.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the ____________ Nazis.(German)
1.selected　2.experienced　3.literature　4.Respecting　5.article　6.approve　7.achieve　8.extra　9.immediately 10.continue　11.preparation　12.Germany；German
短语汇集
1．____________________对……感到满意
2．____________________ 首先
3．____________________ 可用于；对……有用
4．____________________ 培养……的兴趣
5．____________________ 注意
6．____________________ 对……负责
7．____________________ 达到目标
8．____________________ 签名
1.be happy with　2.first of all　3.be available for　4.develop an interest in　5.pay attention to　6.be responsible for　7.achieve one’s goal(s)　8.sign up
语句试译
1．(回归课本P7)________ students want to exercise ________ just want some fun，they can use our gym.
无论学生是想锻炼还是只想娱乐，他们都可以用我们的体育馆。
2．(回归课本P7)We ________ ________ ________ we take good care of every student.
我们确保在校园里照顾好学生们。
3．(回归课本P9)________ ________ his studies，he started travelling in China.
学习一结束，他就开始了他的中国之旅。
4．(回归课本P11)I ________ go home ________ my mum gets home from work.
直到我妈妈下班回到家我才能回家。
5．(回归课本P11)She ________ ________ ________ a person who can’t pay attention to one thing for long.
她似乎不是一个能长时间集中精力的人。
6．(回归课本P11)I’m not a person who is ________ ________ ________.
我不是一个难以取悦的人。
1.Whether；or　2.make sure that　3.Upon finishing 4.can’t；until　5.seems to be　6.hard to please
核心知识
1.attend　vt.　参加，出席；上(学)；去(教堂)；看护，照料
(回归课本P2)On the first day，all students went to attend assembly.开学第一天，所有的学生都去参加校会。
归纳拓展
attend a meeting/wedding/lecture/movie
参加会议/出席婚礼/听演讲/看电影
attend school/class/church　上学/上课/上教堂
attend on/upon sb.侍候某人，照顾某人
attend to 处理；对付；照料
例句探源
①(朗文P108)More than 1,000 people attended the conference.
1000多人出席了会议。
②(朗文P108)After attending church，the family would go home for dinner.去完教堂后，全家人会回家吃饭。
③(牛津P110)I have some urgent business to attend to.
我有一些急事要处理。
④(牛津P110)A nurse attended to his needs constantly.
有一位护士经常照顾他的需要。
易混辨析
attend，join，join in，join sb.in(doing)sth.，take part in
(1)attend正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼或指上课、上学、听报告等，重在强调“参与”的动作，不强调参加者的作用。
(2)join指参加某组织或团体，并成为其中一员。其宾语往往是the army/party/team/club。
(3)join in指参加某项活动，in可为介词，也可为副词。通常可与take part in互换，但join in后不能接“会议”。
(4)join sb. in (doing)sth.表示与某人一起做某事。
(5)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。part前若有修饰语，需加不定冠词。
①Would you join us in the game?
②All the students take an active part in school activities.
③He didn’t attend school yesterday because of his illness.
1．(2010年高考江苏卷)Thousands of foreigners were ________ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.
A．attended　　　　　　　B．attained
C．attracted D．attached
解析：选C。考查动词辨析。attend意为“参加，出席”；attain意为“达到；获得”；attract意为“吸引”；attach意为“系上；绑上；贴上”。根据句意，应选C项，表示上海世博会吸引了成千上万的外宾。A项错误，因为主语foreigners和attend是主谓关系，不能使用被动语态。
2．(2009年高考江苏卷)Distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school.________ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni(校友)from home and abroad.
A．Attend B．To attend
C．Attending D．Having attended
解析：选C。句意：尊敬的来宾朋友们，欢迎莅临我校。今天早上参加50周年庆典的是来自国内外的校友。本句为倒装句，正常的语序应该是：Our alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.attending作谓语动词的一部分。
2.prepare　vt.& vi.　准备；预备；调制，配制
(回归课本P3)Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy，prepare and cook food.
当我学会怎样购买和烹煮食物时，做饭的确就成了乐趣。
归纳拓展
prepare for 为……做好准备
prepare sb. for sth. 使某人为某事做好准备prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
be prepared for 为……做好准备(状态)
be prepared to do 准备做……
preparation n. 准备
make preparations for 为……做准备
in preparation(for sth.) (为某事)做好准备
例句探源
①(朗文P1603)The Bears are busy preparing for their game against the Redskins next week.
熊队正忙于准备下周与红人队的比赛。
②(朗文P1603)I haven’t prepared my report for the meeting yet.我还没有把会议报告准备好。
③(朗文P1603)Kenny has spent months preparing to take the entrance exam.肯尼已花了数月时间准备入学考试。
④(牛津P1560)The college prepares students for a career in business.这个学院是培养商务人才的。
⑤(牛津P1560)He was in the kitchen preparing lunch.
他在厨房做午饭。
⑥(牛津P1560)I was not prepared for all the problems it caused.我对这事引起的诸多麻烦毫无防备。
⑦She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life.(2009年高考湖南卷)
她是我们心爱的宝贝。我们准备不惜一切代价挽救她的生命。
3．完成句子
(1)为备战这场重要比赛，队伍一直在严格训练。
The team has been training hard ________ ________ ________ the big game.
答案：in preparation for
(2)正在为总统访问做准备工作。
Preparations are ________ ________ ________ the president’s visit.
答案：being made for
4．(2010年北京海淀区高三期中练习)—Bob！How’s your project？I heard you started it last Friday，right?
—Oh！I ________ for it.But I haven’t decided when to do it.
A．have prepared　　　　　　　　
B．had prepared
C．have been preparing
D．was preparing
解析：选C。本题考查时态。句意为：“Bob，你的工程项目怎么样？我听说你上周五开工的，是吗？”“哦！我已经在准备了，但是我还没有决定什么时候开始。”由此可知，准备工作一直在进行，有可能还要继续，所以用现在完成进行时态。
3.experience　vt.　经历；体验
n．　经历；经验
(回归课本P2)Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.
去英国上一年高中对我来说是一次非常快乐且又令人兴奋的经历。
归纳拓展
(1)have experience in doing sth.在……方面有经验
know from experience 凭经验得知
learn by/from/through experience 从经验中学到
gain experience in...获得……经验
a man of rich/much experience 经验丰富的人
a pleasant experience 一次令人愉快的经历
(2)experience sth.经历某事
(3)be experienced in doing sth./at sth.
在(做)……方面有经验
例句探源
①(朗文P706)Do you have any previous experience in sales?
你以前做过销售吗？
②(牛津P700)Living in Africa was very different from home and quite an experience.生活在非洲完全不同于在家里，那真是一次不同寻常的经历。
③(朗文P707)Many regions are experiencing a shortage of food.许多地区出现粮食短缺。
④(牛津P701)He’s very experienced in looking after animals.
他养动物很有经验。
5．Some of the survivors told the reporters about their ________ in the terrible earthquake in Wenchuan.
A．trips　　　　　　　　B．experience
C．details D．experiences
解析：选D。句意：几个幸存者给记者讲述了他们在汶川大地震中的经历。此处experience意为“经历”，是可数名词，故选D。
6．完成句子
(1)在城市发展的过程中，犯罪有所增加。
As it grew，the city ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：experienced an increase in crime.
(2)他在政治方面不是很有经验。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：is not very experienced in politics.
4.cover　v．& n.
常用意义：(1)n.[C]盖子；封面；覆盖物
(回归课本P14)I also remember the price was on the back cover but I could only read an 8.
我还记得价格在封底上但我只能看到一个8。
归纳拓展
例句探源
① (2009年高考山东卷) Do you have enough to cover all your daily expenses？你的钱足够你日常开支吗？
②(朗文P464)We covered the sofa with a large blanket.
我们用一条大毯子盖住了沙发。
③(朗文P464)The floor of the basement was covered with ants.
地下室的地面爬满了蚂蚁。
④(朗文P464)The story covers 12 years in the life of the troubled American actress.
该小说讲述了这位麻烦不断的美国女演员12年的生活。
⑤(朗文P464)Michael Putzel now covers foreign affairs from Washington.
迈克尔•普策尔现在在华盛顿报道国际新闻。
⑥(牛津P461)By sunset we had covered thirty miles.
到日落时我们已走了30英里。
7．完成句子
(1)保护区占地面积大约1140平方公里。
The reserve ________ ________ ________ ________ some 1,140 square kilometres.
答案：covers an area of
(2)后来，他们在夜幕的掩护下溜进了房子。
Later，________ ________ ________ darkness，they crept into the house.
答案：under cover of
8．(2010年湖北部分重点高中联考)—Will 200 dollars ________ the cost of the damage?
—I’m afraid not.I need at least 100 more dollars.
A．resemble　　　　　　B．include
C．cover D．afford
解析：选C。句意：——200美元包赔这些损失够不够？
——恐怕不够，我至少还要100美元。resemble“像，类似”；include“包括，包含”；cover“覆盖，包含……的费用”；afford“买得起，负担得起”，故C项正确。
5.regret　vt.& vi.　遗憾，抱歉；后悔，惋惜
n．　遗憾；后悔
(回归课本P16)We regret to inform you that our library will be closed next Wednesday，Thursday and Friday for the sports meeting.我们很抱歉地通知你因为运动会我们的图书馆下周三、周四、周五不开门。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P1717)I regretted not having worn a thicker coat.
我后悔没穿一件厚外套。
②(朗文P1717)You’ll regret it if you leave your job now.
如果现在辞职，你会后悔的。
③(朗文P1718)I regret to inform you that your contract will not be renewed.我很遗憾地通知你，你的合同将不予续签。
④(牛津P1673)He gave up teaching in 2001，much to the regret of his students.
他于2001年放弃了教学，这使他的学生深感遗憾。
9．(2011年江苏十校一模)—I’d like to find a job in the kindergarten.
—I regret________you that we don’t need anyone else at present.
A．telling　　　　　　B．to tell
C．to have told D．having told
解析：选B。regret to say/tell/inform意为“很遗憾地说/告诉/通知……”。
10．How I regret________his advice that I shouldn’t feed my baby with Sanlu baby milk powder.
A．to take B．taking
C．not to take D．not taking
解析：选D。考查regret后接不定式与动名词间的区别。regret to do意为“很遗憾地去做”。regret doing意为“后悔做了……”。由句意可知“后悔没能接受建议”。
6.inform　vt.　通知，告知
(回归课本P16)We regret to inform you that our library will be closed next Wednesday，Thursday and Friday for the sports meeting.我们很抱歉地通知你因为运动会我们的图书馆下周三、周四、周五不开门。
归纳拓展
inform sb. of/about sth.通知某人某事
inform sb. that 通知某人……
inform sb. what/where/when/how to do
通知某人做什么/在哪儿做/什么时间做/如何做
keep sb. informed of sth.随时告诉某人某事
be well informed 精通某事，对某事消息灵通
例句探源
①(牛津P1046)Please inform us of any changes of address.
地址若有变动请随时通知我们。
②You told me nothing about it，you should have kept me informed.(2010年杭州统考)
关于这件事，你对我只字未提，你本应该让我知道的。
③(朗文P1061)Then the doctors informed the family that there was no hope for his recovery.
然后医生通知家属他康复无望。
11．(2011年常德调研)‘He’s already left，’she ________ us.
A．informing B．having informed
C．informed D．to informing
解析：选C。本题考查动词用法。句意：“他已经走了，”她告诉我们说。由句式结构可知，C项符合，故选C。
7.require　vt.　要求，需要，命令
(回归课本P18)When I attended the first meeting，I was required to write a poem and I had to read it out to the group.
当我参加第一次会议时，我被要求写一首诗，我还得当众把它读出来。
归纳拓展
require sth. 需要某物
require sth. of sb. 向某人要求某物
require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
require that...(should)do sth. 要求……(虚拟语气)
sth. ＋doing/to be done 某物需要被……
meet one’s requirements 满足某人的要求
例句探源
①(牛津P1693)The situation required that he should be present.这种情形需要他在场。
②(朗文P1737)You are required by law to wear sea belts.
法律规定你要系安全带。
③(牛津P1693)What exactly is required of a receptionist?
接待员的职责到底是什么？
④(朗文P1737)Most house plants require good light and regular watering.
大多数室内盆栽植物需要良好的光照和经常浇水。
12．(2010年江苏海安中学检测)Most of the representatives raised a question at yesterday’s meeting，________ requires ________ urgently.
A．that；to be solved　　　　　
B．the one that；solved
C．what；solving
D．one which；solving
解析：选D。句中用one指代a question，which引导定语从句，“主语＋require doing”结构表示“主语需要被……”。句意：在昨天的会议上，大多数代表提出了一个问题，一个迫切需要解决的问题。
13．(2010年池州统考)The law requires that everyone ________ his car checked at least once a year.
A．has B．would have
C．have D．will have
解析：选C。本题考查require that...(should)do sth.这一结构。句意：法律要求每个人至少每年进行一次车检。
8.used to
(回归课本P2)I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school，but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English.
我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我在原来学校时那么繁重，可一开始我还是觉得有些挑战性，因为所有的作业都是以英语的形式出现的。
归纳拓展
used to do...过去常常(暗含现在不……)。否定形式为“did not use to do”或“used not to do”；疑问形式为“Did...use to do？”或“Used...to do？”。
例句探源
①(牛津P2225)I didn’t use to like him much when we were at school.以前我们同学时，我并不太喜欢他。
②(朗文P2266)Janie used to go to my high school.
贾尼过去曾上过我就读的那所中学。
③In my opinion，life in the twenty-first century is much easier than it used to be.
在我看来，21世纪的生活比过去要轻松得多。
易混辨析
used to，be used to doing，be used to do
(1)used to do sth.意为“过去常做……”。
(2)be used to (doing)sth.是“习惯于(做)某事”的意思，还可说get/become used to(doing)sth.。
(3)be used to do sth.被用来做某事
①He used to get up early in the morning.
②There used to be a tree in front of the building，usedn’t there/didn’t there?
③You will soon be/get used to living in the country.
④The knife is used to cut bread.
used to，would
(1)used to do 表示过去的特定时期的习惯，暗含现在已不复存在的意思，表示过去与现在的对比。would只表示说话人对过去的一种回想心情，不含有过去和现在的对比。
(2)would之后接表示动作的词，不接表示认识或状态的词，而used to则没有这个限制。
⑤When my parents were away，my grandmother would take care of me.
⑥Mr.White used to live in China，so he is used to Chinese dishes.
14．(2010年长沙调研)The country life he was used to ________ greatly since 1992.
A．change　　　　　　　　B．has changed
C．changing D．have changed
解析：选B。根据句意：“他所习惯的乡村生活自1992年以来发生了巨大的变化。”可知本句的主语是the country life，he was used to是定语从句，缺少的是谓语，故选B。
15．Every possible means ________ the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.
A．was used to prevent
B．are used to preventing
C．has been used to prevent
D．have been used to prevent
解析：选C。根据句意：所有可能的方法都已被用来阻止空气污染，但天空依然不清彻。be used to do sth.意为被用来做某事，排除B，means前有every修饰是单数形式，排除D。再根据后文but the sky is still not clear 可知应该用现在时态，故选C。
9.for free　免费地
(回归课本P3)I usually went to the Computer Club at lunch time，so I could e-mail my family and friends back home for free.我通常在午饭时间去计算机俱乐部，所以可以免费给我的父母和朋友往家发电子邮件。
归纳拓展
(2)free sb. from/of 使某人摆脱……，使某人免除……
free of charge＝for free 免费
feel free 无拘束,set free 释放，使自由
free of/from 无……的；免于……的， 离开了……的
free and easy 随便，无拘束
be free to do sth.随心所欲地做某事
例句探源
①(牛津P810)You can’t expect people to work for free.
你不要指望人工作不要报酬。
②(牛津P810)—Can I use the phone?
—我能用一下电话吗？
—Please，feel free.—请便吧。
③(牛津P810)The researchers set the birds free.
研究人员把鸟放了。
④(朗文P822)Lydia has been completely free from cancer since 1995.自从1995年来，莉迪娅就已完全治愈了癌症。
⑤(朗文P823)Treatment has freed Jenna from her drug addiction，allowing her to live a productive life.治疗使詹娜摆脱了毒瘾，使她能够过上积极、富有成效的生活。
16．(2010年辽宁锦州上学期期中测试)—What about the protection?
—Let’s keep the surface ________ dirt by putting a cover over it.
A．far from　　　　　　B．free from
C．apart from D．away from
解析：选B。第二句句意：让我们把表面盖起来以免落上灰尘。far from“远离”；free from“免于”；apart from“除了”；away from“离开”，故选B。
17．完成句子
(1)我们希望给所有孩子一个没有暴力的世界。
We want to give all children a world ________ ________ violence.
答案：free of
(2)只要你愿意，你来去自由。
You ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ as you please.
答案：are free to come and go
(3)这些设备是无偿提供给我们学校的。
These equipment is given to our school ________ ________.
答案：for free
(4)这家博物馆可以免费进入。
Admission to the museum is ________ ________ ________.
答案：free of charge
10.more than
(回归课本P7)CMHS has much more than you expect.
CMHS拥有的东西比你预想的多得多。
归纳拓展
(1)“more than＋名词”表示“不只是；不仅仅是；非但……尤其是”。
(2)“more than＋数词”含“多于，不止”之意。
(3)“more than＋形容词”表示“很，非常”的意思。
(4)“more...than...”结构表示“是……而不是……；与其说……不如说……”。
例句探源
① (2009年高考浙江卷) It took more than building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains，too.
建造这些节能的房屋不仅需要建筑材料，也需要智力。
②(朗文P2130)It’s hard to concentrate like that for more than a half an hour.像那样集中注意力很难超过半小时。
③(牛津P1303)I’m more than happy to take you there in my car.我非常乐意用我的车带你去那儿。
④I think she’s more shy than unfriendly.
我认为与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。
18．(2010年湖南娄底重点高中联考)It is the test system，________ the teachers，that is to blame for the heavy burden of middle school students nowadays.
A．other than　　　　　　B．rather than
C．more than D．or rather
解析：选B。句意：要责备的是考试体系，而不是老师，给中学生造成深重的负担。other than“不同于，除了”；rather than“而不是”；more than“超过，不仅仅”；or rather “确切地说”，根据句意应选B。
19．(2010年山东潍坊3月模考)The computer software is old，________ very out of date.
A．or rather B．rather than
C．other than D．more than
解析：选A。句意：计算机软件旧了，更确切地说是过时了，故选A。or rather，更精确地说。
20．完成句子
(1)中文不仅仅是一种语言。
Chinese is ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：more than a language
(2)说她聪明，不如说她运气好。
She’s ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：more lucky than clever
11.pay attention to　注意
(回归课本P11)She seems to be a person who can’t pay attention to one thing for long.
她看上去似乎不是一个能长时间集中精力干一件事的人。
归纳拓展
(1)draw/catch/attract one’s attention
引起某人注意
devote one’s attention to专心于……
fix/focus one’s attention on 留意，专心于
turn one’s attention to将注意力转向
with attention 注意地
(2)“动词(词组)＋介词to”结构的常用短语,pay attention to，look forward to，come to，refer to，lead to，stick to，contribute to，make contributions to，be/get used to，get down to，turn to，devote...to，belong to，object to，point to
例句探源
①(牛津P111)Don’t pay any attention to what they say.
别在意他们所说的话。
②(牛津P111)I tried not to draw attention to the weak points in my argument.我尽量不让人察觉我论证中的弱点。
③(朗文P109)The explosion focused attention on safety issues.
这场爆炸让人们把注意力集中在了安全问题上。
④The lawyer listened with full attention，trying not to miss any point.(2010年高考四川卷)
那位律师全神贯注地听，力图不错过任何一点。
21．(2010年东北三省四市高三第二次联考)Toyota’s chief executive said the company grew too fast to ________ safety controls.
A．prevent from　　　　　
B．pay attention to
C．get rid of
D．keep up with
解析：选D。Toyota公司的主管说公司发展得如此之快以至于安全控制跟不上。prevent from阻止；pay attention to 注意；get rid of 摆脱，去除；keep up with 跟上，赶上，故选D。
22．Though a typhoon is on the way，people are still looking forward ________ the outdoor concert by the pop singer.
A．to canceling
B．not to canceling
C．not to cancel
D．to not canceling
解析：选D。look forward to中的to是介词，因此后面要用动名词doing，其否定形式在doing前加not。句意：尽管台风要来，人们依然盼望着那位流行歌手的户外演唱会不取消。
23．完成句子
不要讲话，好好开车。
Stop talking and ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：pay attention to your driving
12.consist of　组成，构成
(回归课本P19)What does the poster consist of?
这张海报是由哪些内容构成的？
归纳拓展
consist of表示“……由……组成”的意思，不使用被动语态。
consist in＝lie in表示“在于”。
例句探源
①(牛津P422)Their diet consisted largely of vegetables.
他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。
②(朗文P426)The key element of the plan consists in sending in enough troops to completely surround the city.
该计划的关键部分在于派遣足够的兵力将该城彻底包围起来。
易混辨析
consist of，make up，be made up of
这三个词都有“组成”的意思，但在用法上有所不同：
(1)consist of表示“……由……组成”的意思，不使用被动语态，相当于include的意思。
(2)make up 表示“……组成……”，为主动形式，表示“部分组成一个整体”的意思。另外make up还有“化妆；编造；占……(比例)；弥补”等意思。
(3)be made up of表示“……由……组成”，这里为被动形式，表示“一个整体由几个部分组成”的意思。
①The club consists of more than 200 members.
②The club is made up of more than 200 members.
③More than 200 members make up the club.
24．(2010年海口市高考调研测试)The opening province which ________ thirteen counties and three coastal cities will quicken its paces of economic development.
A．consists of　　　　　B．makes up of
C．is included D．is contained
解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。consist of和make up of都是“组成，构成”之意，但consist of无被动语态。make up of所在句以物作主语时通常都用被动语态，include和contain用作“包括”之意时不用被动语态，故选A。
25．完成句子
幸福在于知足。(知足常乐)
________ ________ ________ contentment.
答案：Happiness consists in
13.come up with　提出，想出(主意，计划，回答等)
(回归课本P19)You should also come up with your own ideas.
你也应该想出自己的主意来。
归纳拓展
come的常用短语：
come about发生
come along到达；跟着来
come at sb.扑向某人
come out(太阳、月亮或星星)出现；出版
come to sth.共计；达到
come to(oneself)清醒过来
come over顺便来访
come up被提出；出现；发生
come up with提出；想出
come across偶然碰到；被理解，被弄懂
例句探源
①So I came up with a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help.
所以我想出了个计划，召集公司里的40个人来帮忙。
②(朗文P387)A lot of new questions came up at the meeting.
会上提出了很多新问题。
③(朗文P387)He came to a few minutes later，unable to remember anything about the accident.
几分钟之后他醒了过来，一点儿也不记得那场事故了。
④(牛津P386)I came across children sleeping under bridges.
我偶然发现睡在桥下的孩子。
⑤(牛津P386)Can you tell me how the accident came about?
你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？
⑥(牛津P388)When is her new novel coming out?
她的新小说何时出版？
26．(2010年安徽合肥高三模拟)The book which ________ at the end of last year turned out to be a great success in Shanghai.
A．came about　　　　B．came up
C．came out D．came around
解析：选C。句意：去年年底出版的那本书在上海被证明是巨大的成功。come about 产生，发生；come up发芽；被讨论出现；come out出版，露出；come around拜访。
27．(2010年苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调查)—I believe it is the only solution to this problem.
—That’s debatable，I think.I can ________ five other solutions as good as that.
A．come up with B．make up with
C．live up to D．keep up with
解析：选A。考查动词词组辨析。come up with意思是“提出，想出”；make up with意思是“和……重归于好”；live up to意思是“达到，符合，不辜负”；keep up with意思是“赶上，跟上”。根据题干内容可知，A项符合语意，即我可以想出五种和这个一样好的解决方法。
28．完成句子
(1)对不起，我不能跟你一起去了——我突然有急事。
Sorry I can’t go with you—________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：something has suddenly come up
(2)星期五晚上我可以来拜访你吗？
Can I ________ ________ and see you on Friday night?
答案：come over
句型解析
1【教材原句】　Upon finishing his studies，he started travelling in China.(P9)
学习一结束，他就开始了中国之旅。
【句法分析】　upon/on＋n./v.-ing意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。
upon finishing his studies，“学习一结束”，在句中作时间状语。
归纳拓展
“一……就……”的表达方式
(1)介词类on/upon...
(2)副词类immediately/instantly/directly
(3)名词类the moment/the minute/the second/the instant
(4)连词类as soon as/no sooner...than.../hardly/scarcely...when...
①(朗文P1426)On/Upon hearing the news of the air attack most foreigners headed for the border.
一听到空袭的消息，大多数外国人便前往边境。
②(牛津P1390)There was a letter waiting for him on/upon his return.他一回来就有一封信在等着他看。
③(朗文P1310)The minute I say something is cute，she’ll hate it.我一说什么东西可爱，她就恨它。
④(牛津P1019)Immediately she’d gone，I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。
⑤(牛津P1919)No sooner had she said it than she burst into tears.她刚一说完，泪水便夺眶而出。
29．完成句子
(1)我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。
________ /________ ________ _______
I discovered they had gone.
答案：On/Upon arriving home
(2)希望他一到我就见到他。
I want to see him ________ ________ /________ ________/ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：the moment/the minute/the second/the instant he arrives
30．(2010年高考安徽卷)Just use this room for the time being，and we’ll offer you a larger one ________ it becomes available.
A．as soon as　　　　　　B．unless
C．as far as D．until
解析：选A。句意：暂用这个房间吧，一有可能，我们就会马上给你提供一个大点的房子。本题考查连词。as soon as一……就……，引导时间状语从句。unless除非；as far as远到，至于；until直到。
31．(2010年江南十校联考)________ the naughty boys realized it was too late to take a bus to go home.
A．No sooner it grew dark than
B．Hardly did it grow dark that
C．Scarcely had it grown dark than
D．It was not until dark that
解析：选D。本题考查含有not...until的强调句型，It was/is not until...＋that＋陈述语序的主句。A项No sooner后应用部分倒装且时态应用过去完成时，B项时态不对且应与when搭配，C项Scarcely应与when搭配。
2【教材原句】　Whether students want to exercise or just want some fun，they can use our gym.(P7)
无论学生是想锻炼还是想娱乐，他们都可以使用我们的体育馆。
【句法分析】　whether...or意为“不管……还是……，无论……还是……，”用于表示无论发生哪种情况，某事肯定发生或不发生。
①(2010年高考北京卷阅读A) Always by my side，whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the fire.
无论我们是外出散步还是坐在火炉旁，她总是在我身边。
②(朗文P2335)Whether you like it or not，I’m taking you to the doctor.不管你喜不喜欢，我都要带你去看医生。
归纳拓展
Whether...or还可作“是否”解，用于表示两种可能性中的选择。
③(牛津P2292)He seemed undecided whether to go or stay.
他似乎还没有决定去留。
32．完成句子
(1)不管成功与否，我们确定已尽了最大努力。
________ ________ ________ we’re successful，we can be sure that we did our best.
答案：Whether or not
(2)这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。
It remains to be seen ________ ________ ________ this idea can be put into practice.
答案：whether or not
33．All people，________ they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A．even if　　　　　　　B．whether
C．no matter D．however
解析：选B。句意：自这次灾难以来，所有的人，不管他们是年老的还是年轻的，富有的还是贫穷的，都在尽自己最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。whether...or，意为“无论是……还是……；不管是……还是……”。
3【教材原句】　I can’t go home until my mum gets home from work.(P11)
直到我妈妈下班回到家我才能回家。
【句法分析】　until“直到”，可以用于多种句式。
(1)肯定句：主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。
①(朗文P2258)The meeting lasted until 6∶30.
会议直到6∶30才结束。
②(牛津P2216)Let’s wait until the rain stops.咱们等雨停了吧。
(2)否定句：主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。
③(牛津P2216)Until she spoke I hadn’t realized she wasn’t English.直到她开口说话我才知道她不是英格兰人。
(3)not...until句型中的强调和倒装用法：
④(朗文P2258)It wasn’t until I got home that I realized I’d lost my wallet.
⑤Not until I got home did I realize I’d lost my wallet.(not until置于句首，主句要倒装)。
直到回到家我才发现钱包丢了。
34．(2010年高考福建卷)The girl had hardly rung the bell ________ the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A．before　　　　　　　　B．until
C．as D．since
解析：选A。句意：女孩几乎还没按响门铃，门就突然被打开，她的朋友冲出来迎接她。根据主句、从句的谓语动词的时态可判断出应用before。until用于否定句时，表示“直到……才……”；as“当……时候，由于”；since“自从，既然”。故选A项。
35．(2010年高考江西卷)Not until he left his home ________ to know how important the family was for him.
A．did he begin B．had he begun
C．he began D．he had begun
解析：选A。句意：直到离开家他才开始了解家对他来说多么重要。本题考查倒装句。not until置于句首，主句要部分倒装，排除C、D两项；又根据句意得知begin需用过去时，故排除B项。
36．(2009年高考江西卷)It was ________ he came back from Africa that year ________ he met the girl he would like to marry.
A．when；then B．not；until
C．not until；that D．only；when
解析：选C。句意：直到那年从非洲回来他才遇到那个他想娶的女孩。本题考查“not...until”的强调句式，即：It is/was＋not until...＋that＋其他成分。
4【教材原句】　I’m not a person who is hard to please.(P11)
我不是一个难以取悦的人。
【句法分析】　“sb.be hard/easy to please”意为“某人难以/易于取悦”，这是“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在这个结构中，不定式和主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，该不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，动词必须是及物的。
如果是不及物动词，须加上适当的介词。适合于此结构的常见形容词有cheap，dangerous，difficult，easy，hard，important，nice，pleasant，fit等。
①(朗文P643)I want a book that’s easy to read.我想要一本容易看懂的书。
②In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant to deal with.(2010年高考四川卷)
在许多人看来，虽然那家公司比较小，但却相处起来很融洽。
③The chair is comfortable to sit on.
这椅子坐着很舒服。
37．用动词的正确形式填空
(1)We lost the game in the last few seconds；that was really hard ________ (take)．
答案：to take
(2)There were many talented actors out there just waiting ________(discover)
答案：to be discovered
38．I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good ________.
A．to be breathed　　　　　　
B．to breathe
C．breathing
D．being breathed
解析：选B。在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，如果主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语，应用主动形式表示被动含义。本句中the morning air 恰恰是breathe的逻辑宾语，故答案选B。
39．(2010年福建高中毕业班质检)I am delighted ________ as chairman of the Students’ Union last winter.
A．to appoint
B．to be appointed
C．to have appointed
D．to have been appointed
解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。sb.be delighted 后常接不定式，同时语意表示“我很高兴去年冬天被任命为学生会主席”，appoint这个动作发生在“过去，且已经完成”，用不定式的完成时态，而且I和appoint之间为动宾关系，所以用to have been appointed，答案选D项。
作文指导
如何写好简单句
优化句式是指在写作过程中要注意句式的变化，避免平铺直叙，罗列事实。真正优秀的文章应做到长短句搭配合理，主、被动准确运用，适当穿插倒装、强调、比较等特殊句式，并能够恰当使用连接成分以确保各句之间紧密衔接，从而使文章错落有致，如高山流水般顺畅。
简单句指的是只包括一个主语和一个谓语的句子。英语中简单句的基本结构主要有以下5种：
1．主语＋不及物动词(S＋V)
The door bell rang./She sat down.
2．主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)
The flowers are(smell)sweet./Mother isn’t in at the moment.
3．主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
Who can answer this question？/Columbus discovered America.
4．主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋O＋O)
My uncle gave me a camera./I’ll give you something to eat.
5．主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋补语(S＋V＋O＋C)
She painted the walls light green./I smelt something burning.
以上5种基本结构是英语句子的“主干”结构，所有的句子，不管多么复杂，都是主干结构的扩展和延伸。
反过来说，不管你组建什么样的句子，你必须从“主干”开始构建，也就是必须严格遵循语法规则，这是英语作为一种“形合语言”的最基本要求。
【佳句选粹】
①I now declare my decision.
②I，who am a senior of the English department，now declare my decision that I will run for the chairman of the Students’ Union.
【分析】　第①句的基本结构是“主语＋谓语＋宾语”。为了让读者了解更多的信息，第②句在第①句“主干”结构的基础上增加了一些“枝叶”成分。主语“I”后增加了一个who引导的非限制性定语从句，宾语“my decision”后增加了一个同位语从句，这样，该句就在原有的基础上扩充了“我是谁？”和“我的决定是什么？”两方面的信息。

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