| 牛津译林版高中英语单元复习学案Unit 1 The world of our senses(译林牛津版高三英语必修五学案设计) |
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词汇导练 1．They had to move into ____________ (临时的)accommodation. 2．He survived the plane crash and landed on a ____________(废弃的)island. 3．In the eighteenth century，Benjamin Franklin made a number of ____________(实验)． 4. The driver ____________(不理会)the traffic lights and had an accident. 5．It took us all day to reach our ____________(目的地)． 6．Soon a team of 200 ____________ arrived in the area to help the wounded，sick and helpless without any pay. 7．Though it looked ____________，the dog was gentle indeed. 8．This ring，which my mother left to me，is my most valuable piece of ____________. 9．It’s ____________(freeze)cold outside. 10．I ____________(firm)believe that we must act at once. 1.temporary 2.deserted 3.experiments 4.ignored 5.destination 6.volunteers 7.fierce 8.jewellery 9.freezing 10.firmly 短语汇集 1．____________________ 盼望，企盼 2．____________________ 抬头凝视 3．____________________ 留心，留意，密切注意 4．____________________ 由于……而呆住 5．____________________ 和……有关；和……有联系 6．____________________ 和……有联系的，和……有关 联的 7．____________________ (使)暖和起来；(使)热身 8．____________________ 突然；猛然 9．____________________ 取得进步 10．____________________ 以……为主食 11．____________________ (铃声，枪声等)突然响起 12．____________________ (不小心)撞着…… 1.wish for 2.stare up at 3.watch out for 4.be frozen with 5.be related to 6.be linked to 7.warm up 8.all of a sudden 9.make progress 10.feed on 11.ring out 12.bang into 语句试译 1．(回归课本P2)The tall man was ________ ________ ________ ________.高个子男人不见了。 2．(回归课本P2)The truth is that the fog is ________ thick ________ the bus ________ ________ that far. 实际情况是雾太大了，公交车去不了那么远。 3．(回归课本P2～3)Polly ________ herself ________ ________ ________ a man ________ with his hand ________ on her arm. 波莉发现自己身边站着一个男人，他的手搭在她的胳膊上。她睁大了眼睛盯着他看。 4．(回归课本P3)The face that she saw was ________ ________ an old man. 她看到的是一张老年人的脸。 5．(回归课本P18)The latter two types of attack ________ more ________ ________ ________ deadly for humans. 后两种攻击对于人类而言更可能致命。 1.nowhere to be seen 2.too；for；to run 3.found；staring up at；standing；resting 4.that of 5.are；likely to be 核心知识 1. observe vt. 观察；注意到，观察到 归纳拓展 (1)observe与see，hear，watch，feel，notice一样属于感官动词，常用于以下结构： (2)observe还可以表示监视；遵守；庆祝(节日) (3)observation n.注意，观察；遵守,observer观察者；旁听者 例句探源 ①(朗文P1409)Officers observed Cox driving on the wrong side of the road.警官们注意到考克斯在逆车行驶。 ②(牛津P1374)The police observed a man enter the bank. 警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。 ③The police have been observing his movements. 警方一直监视他的一举一动。 ④The law should be strictly observed. 这项法律必须严格遵守。 1．完成句子 (1)我看到他正从房间里偷偷地走出来。 I ________ him ________ ________ ________ the room. 答案：observed；stealing out of (2)I have never observed him ________ ________ ________.我从未看到他做过早操。 答案：do morning exercises (3)Everyone should ________ ________ ________ ________.人人都要遵守交通法规。 答案：observe the traffic rules ★2.Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs. A．perform B．possess C．observe D．support 解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意：很多中国人在国外生活了许多年以后还是遵守传统习俗。observe遵守，奉行(法律、习俗、规章等)，(按传统习惯)纪念，庆祝(节日、生日等)，符合题意。A表演；B拥有；D支撑。 2. sight n． 视野；视力；视觉；景象；名胜(复数) (回归课本P2)There was no one in sight.看不见一个人。 归纳拓展 within/in sight 看得见 out of sight 看不见 at the sight of... 一看到…… at first sight 乍一看；第一眼 lose one’s sight 失明 lose sight of 看不见；忽略；忘记 catch sight of 看见；瞥见 come into sight 出现 know sb.by sight 与某人面熟 例句探源 ①(朗文P1906)We saw all the important sights on our first day in Chicago. 我们到芝加哥第一天就参观了所有重要名胜。 ②(牛津P1863)The bird is now a rare sight in this country. 如今在这个国家，这种鸟已罕见了。 ③She caught sight of a car in the distance. 她看见远处有一辆汽车。 ④We must not lose sight of our original aim. 我们决不能忘记我们最初的目标。 ⑤(牛津P1863)Out of sight，out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦。 易混辨析 sight，view，scene，scenery (1)sight意思是：目光；视力；视野；景物，供参观或游览的地方；情景，景象。 (2)view是可数名词，指从某一特定点观看到的东西、景物，尤其是美丽的自然风景，它还可以表示“风景画，风景照片”的意思。 (3)scene和view一样，也是可数名词。它通常指局部的、具体的风景、景致，但景中更有可能包括人或反映运动状态。它还可以表示戏剧、电影或叙述中的、现实生活中的“场景，场面，情景”。 (4)scenery是一个不可数名词，是大自然风景的总称，其中包含了许多个scene。 ①There is no view from this window except for some factory chimneys. ②The white sailboats in the blue water make a pretty scene. ③The crowd waited for a sight of the Queen passing by. ④Guilin is worldfamous for her fine scenery. 3．猜出下列句子中的sight的意思： A．视力；视觉；B.观看；瞥见；C.情景；景象；D.[常用复数]名胜；风景 (1)Some famous musicians have had little or no sight.( ) 答案：A (2)What a sad sight it was after the war！( ) 答案：C (3)It was a fine chance to see the sights of the city.( ) 答案：D (4)She would faint at the sight of blood.( ) 答案：B ★4.At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ________. A．out of sight B．out of reach C．out of order D．out of place 解析：选A。句意为“在火车站，那位妈妈向女儿挥手告别直至火车看不见”。out of sight“看不见”；out of reach“够不着”；out of order“混乱无秩序”；out of place“位置不当，不适当”，只有A符合题意。 3. beat v． 跳动；击打；击败 n． 心跳 (回归课本P2)She could feel her heart beating with fear. 归纳拓展 (1)beat的过去式，过去分词分别为：beat，beaten，作不及物动词时表示：(心脏)跳动；作及物动词时表示：击打，拍打，打败。 (2)常用短语：beat sb.to death 打某人致死beat sb.black and blue 把某人打得青一块紫一块 beat sb.(＝defeat sb.)在比赛或战争中击败某人 beat off 击退，打退 beat down 击败，压倒；镇压；摧毁 例句探源 ①(朗文P149)Back then，girls were told that they could never beat a boy at tennis. 那个时候，人们都说女孩子的网球永远也打不过男孩子。 ②(牛津P157)She’s alive—her heart is still beating. 她没死——她的心脏还在跳动。 ③Somebody is beating at the door.有人在敲门。 ④The attacker was beaten off.进攻者被击退了。 ⑤They beat him unconscious.他们把他打得不省人事。 易混辨析 beat，defeat，win (1)defeat和beat的宾语必须是人或者一个集体，如a class，a team等，二者常可换用。defeat多指战场打败敌人，beat常用作游戏，比赛中打败对手。 (2)win指在竞争中取胜，常接的宾语有：game，war，prize，fame，battle，victory。 ①He beat the champion in the game. ②He won ￡3,000 in the lottery. ③Their team were easily beaten. beat，hit，strike (1)beat指连续的打击，有意的行为或指有规则的运动，如：心脏跳动，鸟拍打翅膀等。 (2)strike表示“打”的意思时较正式，用手或物，可轻可重，有意或无意。也可表示“自然灾害的袭击、划火柴”等。 (3)hit常表示“击中”，也有“使突然想起，自然灾害侵袭”之意。 ④The man looked dead，but his heart was still beating. ⑤The young man hit the ball so hard that it went over the wall. ⑥He went in，struck a match and lit a candle to give some light. ⑦I was about to give up my efforts to work on the puzzle when a good idea struck me. 5．完成句子 (1)这个女士拍打毛皮大衣上的灰尘。 The lady ________ dust ________ ________ her fur coat. 答案：beat；out of (2)他们在那场足球赛上打败了另外一个班。 They ________/________ ________ ________ in the football game. 答案：beat/defeated another class (3)海浪拍打着岩石。 Waves ________ ________ the rocks. 答案：were beating (4)我兴奋得心跳加快。 My heart ________ faster ________ excitement. 答案：beat；with 4. add vt.& vi. 增加，补充 (回归课本P9)He adds that this year，scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to explain the results. 他补充说，今年科学家们将对另外60个志愿者进行测试，到时将能更好地解释这一结果。 归纳拓展 (2)addition n．加法，增加 in addition(to...)(除……)之外还有，此外 additional adj.额外的，附加的 additive n．(尤指食品的)添加剂，添加物 例句探源 ①(牛津P22)The numbers add up to exactly 100. 这些数字的总数恰好是100。 ②(朗文P23)Threats will only added fuel to the fire. 威胁将只能使事态更加恶化。 ③The new rules only added to the problem. 这些新规定只能使问题更复杂。 ④Mike added that his father disagreed with his decision. 迈克补充说，他的父亲不赞同他的决定。 ⑤In addition to these arrangements，extra ambulances will be on duty until night. 除了这些安排以外，另增救护车值班至深夜。 ★6.There have been several new events__________to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A．add B．to add C．adding D．added 解析：选D。add sth.to...“把……加上”，本句应为add several new events to the program。因此new events与add之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。 7．“We’re having a class，”she said，__________it was a newlyopen kindergarten sponsored by the church. A．added that B．adding that C．has added D．and adding that 解析：选B。句意：她说“我们正在上课”，然后补充说，这是由教堂捐款新开办的幼儿园。adding that“补充说”，用现在分词形式表伴随，等于and added that。 ★8.I received a letter from my mother with an unusual stamp on，which__________my collection of stamps. A．added up to B．added to C．added in D．added together 解析：选B。add to“加到，添加”。句意：我收到了我妈妈的一封信，上面有一枚特别的邮票，我可以把它收集到我的集邮册里。add up to，add together都是“总共”的意思，不合题意；add in“包括”，也不合题意。 9．The money we made last year ________ $150 million. A．added up B．added to C．added up to D．added 解析：选C。句意：我们去年挣的钱总共是1亿5000万美元。A.把……加起来；B.增加，增添；C.总计……，加起来总和是……；D.增加，只有C项符合题意。 5. touch n． 触觉；接触 vt. 触摸；接触 (回归课本P11)He adds that although our sense of sight is overused，our senses of touch and smell have been ignored. 他补充说虽然我们的视觉被过度使用，但触觉和嗅觉却被忽略了。 归纳拓展 例句探源 ①(朗文P2183)The car’s control buttons are impossible to distinguish by touch. 这辆汽车的控制按钮不可能通过触摸加以区分。 ②(牛津P2137)Are you still in touch with your friends from college？你和大学同学还有联系吗？ ③(2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ)Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story. 在听到她那感人的故事后，每个人都感动得说不出话来。 ④Don’t touch the plate—it’s hot.别碰那个盘子，烫手。 ★10.(2010年高考湖北卷•完形)She paid the driver and then，using her hands to ________ the seats，settled in one of them.It had been a year since Susan became blind. A．touch B．grab C．count D．feel 解析：选D。根据下文，Susan已失明一年了，所以此处应是她用手“摸”座位。touch触摸，碰；grab掠夺，攫取；count数数；feel(用手，足等)摸索，寻找，D项符合题意。 ★11.—Oh！I have burnt myself! —How did you do that? —I ________ a hot pot. A．touched B．kept C．felt D．held 解析：选A。前文说“我烫到了自己”，所以此处应是“我碰到了热锅”，所以选A。 12．It’s obvious that the students were all ________ by the ________ film. A．touched；touched B．touching；touching C．touched；touching D．touching；touched 解析：选C。句意：很明显学生们都被那部感人的电影感动了。touched感动的，touching令人感动的，感人的，所以选C。 6. accept vt.& vi. 接受 (回归课本P16)He knows that it will be hard for Liu Weihai，but he says，hopefully in the next few months his body will accept the hand as his own. (医生)知道对于刘威海来说治疗是很艰难的，但是他的身体有望在接下来的几个月内接纳那只手，像他自己的一样。 归纳拓展 acceptable adj.可接受的，受欢迎的 acceptance n．接受，接纳；承认 accepted adj.公认的，为公众所接受(使用、赞同)的 例句探源 ①(牛津P10)It was pouring with rain so I accepted his offer of a lift. 天正下着瓢泼大雨，所以我领了他的情，搭了他的便车。 ②(朗文P10)My parents have always accepted me just as I am.我是什么样子，我的父母一直都接受我。 ③The astronaut accepts danger as being part of the job. 宇航员承认他们的工作中包含着危险。 ④I don’t accept that the firm will go bankrupt. 我不相信该公司会破产。 ⑤He never really accepted her as his own child. 他一直没有真正接纳她是自己的亲生女儿。 ⑥The college he applied to has accepted him. 他申请的那所学院录取了他。 易混辨析 accept，receive (1)receive指“(客观上)收到”，着重行为本身，而不涉及收受者是否接受。 receive education接受教育 receive an operation接受手术 (2)accept指“(主观上)领受、接收”，着重除行为本身以外，还表示接受者经过考虑以后愿意接受。 13．用receive和accept的适当形式填空： I ________ the flowers he bought for me but I didn’t ________ them though they are beautiful. 答案：received；accept 7. chance n． 可能性，几率，机会 (回归课本P18)The chances of being attacked by a shark are very small compared to other dangers. 与其他威胁相比较，被鲨鱼攻击的几率算是很小的了。 归纳拓展 chance/chances of...……的可能性 chance to do/of doing...做……的机会，机遇, by chance(＝by accident)偶然地，无意中, take a chance冒险，碰运气，投机 There’s a chance that...有可能…… Chances are that...很可能…… 例句探源 ①(朗文P313)I wanted to take this chance to say how much I have appreciated your help over the years. 我想借此机会感谢这些年来你给予我的帮助。 ②(牛津P314)He has only a slim chance of passing the exam. 他通过这项考试的可能性微乎其微。 ③The chances are that I will be looking for a new job soon. 我可能很快就会去找一份新的工作。 ④I met her by chance at the airport. 我碰巧在机场遇见她。 14．根据句意填空： (1)Did he do so ________ purpose or ________ chance? 答案：on；by (2)If you want to increase your chances ________ being accepted into a key college，the best way is to make more efforts at school. 答案：of (3)If you live in the country or have ever visited there，________ are that you have heard birds singing to welcome the new day. 答案：chances 8. avoid v． 避开；避免 (回归课本P18)Try and stay in groups，as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people. 试着呆在群体里，因为鲨鱼经常避开人群。 归纳拓展 (1)avoid sth.避免…… (2)avoid doing sth.避免做…… (3)avoidable adj.可以避免的 avoidance n.避免；防止；回避；躲避 例句探源 ①(牛津P118)I’ve been avoiding getting down to work all day. 我一整天都刻意不投入工作。 ②(朗文P116)I managed to avoid the worst of the traffic. 我设法避开了交通最拥堵的路段。 15．________，the student insists that he be separated from his deskmate，who is naughty. A．To avoid being affected B．To avoid to be affected C．Avoiding being affected D．Avoiding to be affected 解析：选A。句意：为了避免受到干扰，那位同学坚持要和他的同桌分开，因为他的同桌太淘气了。avoid 后需加动名词作宾语，故排除B、D两项；A项为不定式，作状语，可表示目的，符合本题要求。 ★16.They built a wall to avoid soil__________. A．washing away B．washed away C．being washed away D．being washing away 解析：选C。本句译为“他们建了一堵墙防止土壤流失(被冲走)。”avoid后跟动名词，soil和wash away之间是被动关系，being washed away是动名词的被动形式。 9. stick vt. 将……刺入；粘住；困住 n． 棍，枯枝 (回归课本P18)Stick your finger in the shark’s eye. 把你的手指刺进鲨鱼的眼睛里面。 归纳拓展 stick a stamp on a letter 在信封上粘贴邮票stick sth.into... 把……插入/刺入…… stick to 坚持；粘贴 get/be stuck in 陷入……中 stick out 突出，伸出 stick with 忠于；继续支持(某人)(尤指在困境中) 例句探源 ①(2010年高考福建卷)In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. 四月，成千上万的度假者由于受到火山灰风的影响，滞留国外。 ②(朗文P2021)I should have written a note and stuck it on the refrigerator.我本应该写张字条贴在冰箱上的。 ③She stuck her fork into the meat.她把叉子扎在肉里了。 ④You ought not to stick out your tongue.你不该伸舌头。 ⑤I stick to what I said yesterday. 我仍然坚持我昨天说的话。 17．完成句子 (1)他持续工作一直到完成为止。 He ________ ________ ________ ________ until it was finished. 答案：stuck to the job (2)一根烟囱突出于屋顶。 A chimney ________ ________ ________ the roof. 答案：stuck out of (3)有些老球迷支持他们的球队长达40年之久，一直到它成为一支强队。 Some of the older fans ________ ________ their team for 40 years before it became good. 答案：stuck with ★18.How unfortunate！We were ________ in a storm and our car was ________ in the mud yesterday. A．set；struck B．caught；set C．caught；stuck D．lost；caught 解析：选C。句意：多倒霉啊！昨天我们被困在暴风雨中，车也陷到泥中了。be caught in...被困在……中；be stuck in陷在……中。 ★19.The theory he had been sticking ________ wrong. A．to prove B．to proved C．to proving D．in proving 解析：选B。句意：他一直坚持的理论被证明是错的。本句中he had been sticking to是定语从句，修饰theory，proved是句子的谓语动词。 10. reach out 伸出(手) (回归课本P2)A few seconds later，a hand reached out and touched her arm.没过几秒钟，有一只手伸了过来，碰了碰她的胳膊。 归纳拓展 (1)reach vi.伸出手(臂)(来触，拿或捡)＋for... vt.伸手够到…… n．伸手可及的距离 ①beyond/out of one’s reach达不到 ②within one’s reach在某人能力范围之内 ③reach a conclusion得出一个结论 ④reach for a book伸手够一本书 ⑤reach out(for...)伸出手去够…… (2)reach vt.到达，达到 例句探源 ①(朗文P1693)Someone reached out and grabed her arm. 有人伸手抓住了她的胳膊。 ②(牛津P1645)They didn’t reach the border until after dark. 他们天黑以后才到达边境。 ③Yao Ming is tall enough to reach the ceiling. 姚明足够高能够着天花板。 ④You can reach Tiger at home on 8852747. 你可以拨Tiger家里的电话8852747和他联系。 ⑤I often put the dictionary within my reach. 我经常把词典放在我伸手可及的地方。 20．完成句子 (1)她将手伸向键盘并开始演奏。 She ________ ________her hands to the keyboard and began to play. 答案：reached out (2)把所有的药放在孩子们够不着的地方。 Keep all medicines ________ ________ ________ ________ ________children. 答案：out of the reach of (3)我喜欢把参考书放在随手可拿到的地方。 I like to have my reference books________ ________ ________. 答案：within my reach 11. pay back 还钱 (回归课本P3)It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it’s sunny.它给了我一个机会，我可以回报在晴天里人们给予我的帮助了。 归纳拓展 pay back(向某人)还钱；报复，惩罚 pay off付清，偿清；成功，奏效；达到目的, pay(sb.money)for sth.(给某人)付……的费用, pay sb.sth.付给某人某物(＝pay sth.to sb.) 例句探源 ①(牛津P1461)Did he ever pay you back that $100 he owes you？他把欠你的100块钱还给你没有？ ②We should be able to pay off the debt within two years. 我们应该能在两年内还清债务。 ③My persistence finally paid off when they called me in for an interview. 他们打电话来要我参加面试，我的坚持终于有了收获。 ④Did they pay you for mowing their lawn? 你替他们修剪草坪，他们付给你钱吗？ ⑤We pay our babysitter $5 an hour. 我们给临时保姆的报酬是每小时5美元。 21．完成句子 (1)所有那几周的学习都将在考试的时候见成效。 All those weeks of studying will ________ ________ when you take the exam. 答案：pay off (2)如果这家工厂倒闭，就会有1000多名工人在结清工资后被辞退。 Over 1,000 workers will ________ ________ ________ if this factory closes. 答案：be paid off (3)我拿到工资后会把钱还给你。 I’ll be able to ________ ________ ________ when I get my wages. 答案：pay you back (4)他们惹出了那些麻烦，她知道怎样报复他们。 She knew how to ________ ________ ________ for the trouble they had caused. 答案：pay them back (5)你干那工作每周可收入200美元。 The job will ________ ________ ________ a week. 答案：pay you $200 12. make sense 有意义，讲得通 (回归课本P11)Staying healthy makes sense. 保持健康是有意义的。 归纳拓展 例句探源 ①(朗文P1855)It doesn’t make sense to drive if you can walk. 能走路时偏要开车是不明智的。 ②Can you make sense of the poem? 你能理解这首诗的意义吗？ ③(牛津P1815)This sentence doesn’t make sense. 这个句子讲不通。 ④Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for survivors in the earthquake. 狗有非常灵敏的嗅觉，经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。 ⑤Whoever has common sense knows that smoking is harmful to people’s health. 有常识的人都知道，吸烟是有害健康的。 ⑥There is no sense in getting upset about it now. 现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的。 ⑦In no sense can the problem be said to be solved. 无论如何这个问题都不能说解决了。 22．(2010年高考安徽卷)________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. A．Shy and cautious B．Sensitive and thoughtful C．Honest and confident D．Lighthearted and optimistic 解析：选D。句意：她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。本题考查形容词作伴随状语。shy and cautious害羞且小心的；sensitive and thoughtful敏感且多思的；honest and confident诚实且自信的。 ★23.(2010年高考湖北卷)If I find someone who looks like the suspect，my ________ reaction will be to tell the police. A．physical B．immediate C．sensitive D．sudden 解析：选B。句意：假如我发现某个人看上去和这个嫌疑犯相像的话，我的第一反应将是报告给警方。本题考查形容词辨析。immediate立即的，即刻的，直接的；physical身体的，自然的；sensitive敏感的，神经过敏的，易受伤害的； sudden突然的，意外的。从语境判断选B，immediate reaction直接的反应。 24．(2009年高考江苏卷)Compared with his sister，Jerry is even more________to，and more easily troubled by，emotional and relationship problems. A．sceptical B．addicted C．available D．sensitive 解析：选D。句意：Jerry和他妹妹相比，对于情感和人际关系方面的问题更敏感，更容易被困扰。sceptical adj.怀疑的；addicted adj.沉迷的；available adj.(指物)可用的或可得到的；(指人)可会见的，可与之交谈的；sensitive adj.敏感的，神经过敏的，易受伤害的。 ★25.(2011年江苏徐州第一次模拟考试)What’s the __________of having a public open space where you can’t eat，drink or even simply hang out for a while? A．sense B．matter C．case D．opinion 解析：选A。句意：在这样一个公共场所，你不可以吃，不可以喝，甚至不可以走动，你会有什么样的感觉？sense 感觉；matter 问题；case 情况，状况；opinion 观点。根据题意选A。 ★26.I am sure David will be able to find the library—he has a pretty good ________of direction. A．idea B．feeling C．experience D．sense 解析：选D。句意：我敢肯定戴维能找到图书馆——他有很好的方向感。have a sense of ... 有……的感觉(能力)。 ★27.(2011年湖南衡阳高三联考)No matter how you read it，this sentence doesn’t__________. A．make senses B．make sense C．make a sense D．make sense of 解析：选B。本题考查短语make sense的意义“有意义”“讲得通”。本句译为“这个句子无论你怎样读都不知其所云。” 13. make the most of 充分利用 (回归课本P11)Scientists say that making the most of our senses when we are young can keep us healthy later on in life. 科学家们说在我们年轻时充分利用各种感官可以使我们在未来的生活中保持健康。 归纳拓展 (1)make use of(sb./sth.)利用，使用(某人/物)，名词use 前常常加上形容词进行修饰 。make good use of 好好利用,make full use of 充分利用 make the best use of 尽量利用 make better use of 更好地利用, 【温馨提示】 make use of sth.变为被动语态时，常常有两种命题方式来考查这个短语：sth.be made use of /use...be made of。 Our spare time must be made good use of.,我们必须好好利用业余时间。 Who can tell the new use that the computer will be made of in the future？,谁能说出未来电脑对人们新的用途？ (2)use的其他常用搭配,come into use 开始利用 out of use 被废弃不用 in use 在使用中 put ...to use 加以利用 be of great use＝be very useful 很有用 have no use for ... 对……无用 It’s no use/There is no use doing sth. 做某事无用或无好处。 例句探源 ①(朗文P2266)It’s a shame that teachers don’t make use of the new computer lab. 教师们不使用新计算机实验室很遗憾。 ②We should make the best of our time. 我们应充分利用时间。 ③(牛津P2225)When did this word come into common use? 这个词是什么时候普遍使用起来的？ ④You can throw those away—they’re (of) no use to anyone. 那些东西你可以扔了——它们对谁都没用。 ⑤It’s no use complaining—you just need to take the test later again.抱怨没用——你只要以后再考一次就是了。 28．完成句子 (1)我们应充分利用这个信息。 We should ________ ________ ________ ________the information. ＝The information should ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. ＝Full use should ________ ________ ________the information. 答案：make full use of；be made full use of；be made of (2)尽可能地利用时间来学习我们的课程。 Every possible use should ________ ________ ________time to study our subjects. 答案：be made of 29．Every minute should be made full use of ________ for the final exam. A．to prepare B．preparing C．prepare D．have prepare 解析：选A。句意：每一分钟都应该充分利用好来为期末考试做准备。to prepare for the final exam作本句的目的状语。 14. can’t help doing 情不自禁地去做…… (回归课本P11)I felt so tired that I couldn’t help wondering whether or not I could get to my destination. 我感到极度劳累，忍不住去想我能否到达目的地。 归纳拓展 例句探源 ①(朗文P971)I can’t help wondering what happened to that little girl.我忍不住想知道那个小女孩出了什么事。 ②I was so busy that I couldn’t help prepare the lunch. 我太忙了，所以无法帮着准备午饭。 ③The boy couldn’t help but admit that he had cheated in the exam.那个男孩只好承认在测试中作弊了。 ④(牛津P823)I always end up having an argument with her，I don’t know why，I just can’t help it. 我总是和她意见不合，闹得不欢而散，不知道为什么，我就是忍不住。 ⑤Help yourself to the fruit.请自己取用水果。 30．While shopping，people sometimes can’t help ________ into buying something they don’t really need. A．to persuade B．persuading C．being persuaded D．be persuaded 解析：选C。can’t help doing sth.意为“禁不住做……”，句中的people 与persuade 之间构成被动关系。故C项正确。 ★31.(2011年安徽蚌埠高三质检)—The housework is too much for me，Jack. —Sorry，but I can’t help ________it，Joan.I’ve got something important to do，you know. A．do B．doing C．to be doing D．having done 解析：选A。can’t help do sth.“不能帮忙做某事”，根据句意可知A项正确。 32．I can’t help but__________he knows more than he has told us. A．thinking B．to think C．think D．thought 解析：选C。本句译为“我总认为他没有把他知道的事全告诉我们。”can’t help but think“禁不住认为……”等于can’t help thinking。 句型解析 1【教材原句】 The tall man was nowhere to be seen.(P2) 高个男子不见了。 【句法分析】 (1)通常不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，当动作的施动者不明确时，不定式要用被动语态。 ①The meeting to be held is of great importance. 将要举行的会议非常重要。 ②These are the books to be handed out to the students. 这些是将要发给学生的书。 (2)nowhere adv.，无处，到处都不，常用于 ③This winter vacation we went nowhere，just stayed at school.这个寒假我们哪儿也不去，就待在学校。 ④The children were nowhere to be found. 哪都找不到孩子们。 ⑤Nowhere did he go last night.昨天晚上他哪儿都没去。(nowhere置于句首，句子要倒装) 33．完成句子 (1)除了床，没有别的地方可以坐了。 There was ________ ________ to sit but the bed. 答案：nowhere else (2)那把钥匙到处都找不到。 The key was ________ ________ ________ ________. 答案：nowhere to be found (3)我在任何地方都没见过像那样的东西。 ________ ________ ________ ________ anything like that. 答案：Nowhere have I seen ★34.(2010年高考辽宁卷)We only had $100 and that was ________ to buy a new computer. A．nowhere near enough B．near enough nowhere C．enough near nowhere D．near nowhere enough 解析：选A。enough修饰形容词、副词时，通常要放在被修饰词的后面。因此正确词序应为：nowhere near enough...，nowhere near意为“差得远，远不及”。句意：我们只有100美元。这笔钱远远不够买一台新电脑。 2【教材原句】 Polly found herself staring up at a man standing with his hand resting on her arm. (P2～3) 波莉发现自己身边站着一个男人，他的手搭在她的胳膊上。她睁大了眼睛盯着他看。 【句法分析】 find＋宾语＋宾语补足语，表示“发现/觉得……处于某种状态”。 (1)find＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语 ①We find the story very interesting. 我们发现这个故事很有趣。 ②I seldom find the girl out.我很少发现那女孩外出。 ③When the man woke up，he found himself in the hospital. 那个男子醒来时发现自己在医院里。 (2)find＋宾语＋现在分词(宾语与现在分词所表示的动作之间是主谓关系，表动作的进行或持续。) ④I found the boy standing behind the door. 我发现那个小男孩站在门后。 (3)find＋宾语＋过去分词(过去分词所表示的动作与宾语之间是动宾关系，表示动作的被动或完成。) ⑤When he arrived，he found all the work finished. 当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作已做完了。 (4)find＋宾语＋名词 ⑥I found him a boy easy to get along with. 我发现他是个很容易相处的男孩。 【温馨提示】 (1)如果宾语是动词不定式或从句，习惯上用形式宾语it来代替，并把真正的宾语放在句末。 ⑦I found it difficult to learn Chinese.我觉得学汉语很难。 (2)有类似用法的动词还有make，feel，think，consider等。 ⑧She feels it her duty to take good care of her sick mother. 她觉得好好照顾生病的母亲是她的职责。 35．完成句子 (1)我们回到家发现他在沙发上睡着了。 We came home and ________ ________ ________ on the sofa. 答案：found him asleep (2)我不知不觉地突然在街上跑了起来。 I suddenly ________ ________ ________ down the street. 答案：found myself running (3)他发现一辆汽车被遗弃在沙漠里。 He found a car ________ ________ ________ ________. 答案：abandened in the desert (4)我觉得这么做很有必要。 I found ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 答案：it necessary to do so 3【教材原句】 The face that she saw was that of an old man.(P3) 她看到的是一张老人的脸。 【句法分析】 第一个that是关系代词，引导定语从句，在句中作宾语，可以省略。 第二个that是代词，代指前文提到的the face。 归纳拓展 (1)that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词。that前面没有任何修饰词；后面常跟介词短语作后置定语。一般不用于代指人。 ①The weather in Kunming is better than that in Wuhan. 昆明的天气比武汉的好。 (2)one用于泛指，指代上文的单数可数名词，可以代替事物也可代替人。 ②She has bought a recorder.I want to buy one，too. 她买了一台录音机，我也想买一台。 (3)ones是one的复数形式，用来替代前面出现的复数名词，也是泛指概念。 (4)it指代前面提到的同一事物。 ③There is only one watch of this type in the shop，so I want to buy it for her. 商店里这种手表只有一块，我想为她买下。 (5)those用来代替可数名词复数，表特指，在有后置定语时，可与the ones互换。 ④The children from the US are different from the ones/those from China. 从美国来的孩子同从中国来的孩子不一样。 ★36.(2010年高考陕西卷)The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ________ in any other area of the city. A．that B．this C．it D．one 解析：选A。句意：西安市中心的房租比这个城市内其他地段的房租都贵。首先将此句改为：The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than the cost in any other area of the city.然后考虑用that代替特指的不可数名词the cost。 37．(2009年高考江苏卷)Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with ________ of their parents. A．those B．one C．both D．that 解析：选D。句意：90%的父母认为，与自己的父母相比，他们在教育孩子的方法上有很大的不同。这里that指代的是approach。 ★38.(2009年高考北京卷)Being a parent is not always easy，and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ________ extra stress. A．it B．them C．one D．him 解析：选A。句意：作家长不容易，作一个有特殊需求的孩子的家长更具有压力。此题考查代词。it指代前面的“being the parent of a child with special needs”。 39．(2010年湖南高考命题专家原创卷五)The Chinese athletes’ getting five gold medals in the 21st Winter Olympics was an exciting moment，________ that the Chinese people will never forget. A．that B．it C．the one D．one 解析：选D。考查代词。本句中的one是an exciting moment的同位语，而横线后面的部分是修饰one的定语从句。 40．用that，it，one，ones填空： (1)I bought a red pen yesterday，but I can’t find ________ now. (2)The car I want to buy is more beautiful than ________ he has. (3)—Do you need my pen? —No，thanks，I have got ________. (4)The bridge built of steel is stronger than ________ built of stone. (5)There are a lot of apples in the basket，please pick out the rotten ________. 答案：(1)it (2)that (3)one (4)that (5)ones 4【教材原句】 The latter two types of attack are more likely to be deadly for humans.(P18) 后两种攻击对于人类而言更可能致命。 【句法分析】 主语＋be likely to do sth.＝It is likely that...很可能…… 其反义句型为：主语＋be unlikely to do...＝It is unlikely that... 归纳拓展 (1)likely 是指从外表、迹象上判断有可能发生。既可用人也可用物作主语，常用句型是：It is likely that...或sb./sth. be likely to... (2)possible 指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能以人作主语，常用句型有：It is possible (for sb.)to do sth.或It is possible that... (3)probable 的可能性比possible 大，表示“很可能，十有八九”，通常用于It is probable that ...句型。 ①They are likely to attend the meeting. 他们有可能参加会议。 ②Is it possible to say so？如此说来它是可能的吗？ ③It is possible/probable/likely that we will win. 有可能我们会赢。 ★41.(2010年高考陕西卷)Studies show that people are more ________ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. A．likely B．possible C．probable D．sure 解析：选A。研究表明，如果人们总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前面，他们的背部更有可能会出问题。四个选项中主语为人且和不定式连用的只有likely和sure，likely表示“有可能的”，sure表示“必定，肯定”，根据句意应用likely。possible作表语时主语不能为人；probable的主语只能是物。 42．句型转换 (1)If you grow up in a large family，you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others. →If you grow up in a large family，________ ________ ________ ________ that you can develop the ability to get on well with others. 答案：it is more likely (2)If someone lacks staying power and perseverance，it is impossible for him to make a good researcher. →Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance ________ ________ ________ make a good researcher. 答案：is unlikely to 语法指导 倒装句和强调句 倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词，而非助动词)。 【佳句选粹】 In came the teacher and the class began. 【分析】 句意：老师走了进来，然后开始上课。in放于句首，整个句子用了全部倒装的形式，came放到了the teacher之前。 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。 【佳句选粹】 Were she to leave right now，she would get there on Sunday. 【分析】 句意：如果她立刻就走，她就能在星期天到达那里。此句前半部分省去了If，把were提前。 【佳句选粹】 Not until yesterday did little John change his mind. 【分析】 句意：小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。否定词放于句首，主句用部分倒装，did提到了主语little John之前。 强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，写作中常使用强调句，常见的有： 【佳句选粹】 It was on Monday night that all this happened. 【分析】 句意：所有这一切发生在周一晚上。用强调句型：“It is(was)＋被强调成分＋that(who)＋原句其他成分”来强调说话人的意愿，强调时间“on Monday night”。 【佳句选粹】 ①He does know the place well. 他的确很熟悉这个地方。 ②Do write to me when you get there. 你到那儿后务必给我来信。 【分析】 用助动词“do(does/did)＋动词原形”来表示强调。 |
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