牛津译林版高中英语单元复习学案Unit 3　Back to the past(译林牛津版高三英语必修五学案设计)
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词汇导练
1．To avoid ____________(混淆)，the teams wore different colors.
2．The Chinese ____________(文明)is one of the oldest in the world.
3．The professor gave us a lively ____________(讲座)last night.
4. The ____________(遗迹)of the castle can still be seen on the hill.
5．London is still the ____________(文化的)capital of the country.
6．Don’t worry. I’m sure your children will ____________(渐渐地)learn to understand you.
7．Gibbons failed to see the ____________(商业的)value of his discovery.
8．The volcano ____________ suddenly，so the town at its base was destroyed.
9．If you want to make a new skirt，you had better buy the cotton ____________.
10．Yesterday a bomb ____________ in the center of the city.
11．Two buildings were ____________ by fire last night in Tokyo.
12．I’m ____________(feed)up with the speaker’s long and dull speech.
1.confusion　2.civilization　3.lecture　4.remains,5.cultural　6.gradually　7.commercial　8.erupted　9.material　10.exploded　11.destroyed　12.fed
短语汇集
1．____________________　　夺取；接管
2．____________________ 处于良好的状态
3．____________________ 实施，执行，进行
4．____________________ 在船上(飞机上或火车上)；上船 (飞机或火车)
5．____________________ 纪念
6．____________________ 使用中
7．____________________ 作为回报
8．____________________ 不复存在；不再
9．____________________ 位于……
10．____________________ 提到，涉及到，参考
1.take over　2.in good condition　3.carry out　4.on board　5.in memory of　6.in use　7.in return 8.no more　9.be located in...　10.refer to
语句试译
1．(回归课本P42)Near the city ________ ________ ________ called Vesuvius.
在城市附近有一座叫维苏威的火山。
2．(回归课本P43)Unfortunately，all the people were buried alive，and ________ ________ the city!
很不幸，所有的人都被活埋了，城市也被埋了！
3．(回归课本P43)________ ________ ________ by many people to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 500.
很多人相信，它是在公元200年至公元500年之间被风沙渐渐覆盖了。
4．(回归课本P47)________ ________ ________，China has many historical archaeological sites...
正如你所知，中国有许多历史考古现场……
5．(回归课本P58)________ ________ ________ Rome a city and a republic，________ it was ________ to become the capital of one of the largest empires in history.
罗马不仅是个城市和共和国，它也注定成为历史上最大帝国之一的首都。
1.was a volcano　2.so was　3.It is believed　4.As you know　5.Not only was；but；also
核心知识
1. bury　vt.　覆盖；埋葬；埋藏
(回归课本P43)Unfortunately，all the people were buried alive，and so was the city!
不幸的是，所有的人都被活埋了，城市也不例外！
归纳拓展
【温馨提示】　此类词组易考查过去分词作状语。
例句探源
①(朗文P257)Two cars were buried in the mudslide.
两辆车被埋在泥流中。
②(牛津P262)The miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed.坑道塌方，矿工都被活埋。
③He was sitting with his head buried in a book.
他坐着埋头读书。
1．完成句子
(1)如果发生雪崩，滑雪者可能会被雪活埋。
If an avalanche strikes，skiers can ________ ________ ________ by snow.
答案：be buried alive
(2)专心于读报，他没注意到他的爸爸。
________ ________ reading his newspaper，he didn’t take notice of his dad.
答案：Buried in
(3)她双手蒙着脸哭了起来。
She ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ and cried.
答案：buried her face in her hands
2．________ writing the article，Mrs.Curie even forgot her dinner.
A．Absorbed in　　　　　B．Absorbing at
C．Having absorbed by D．To absorb in
解析：选A。be absorbed in“专心于”。句意：居里夫人专心写文章以至于忘了吃饭。
★3.(2011年湖南综合模拟题)________ in the mountains for a week，we were finally saved by the local police.
A．Having lost B．Losing
C．Being lost D．Lost
解析：选D。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，若分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，则用现在分词，若是被动关系，则用过去分词。be lost in“迷路”，lose和其逻辑主语we之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。
2. ruin　vt.　毁灭/坏，使破产
n．[U]　毁坏，毁灭，崩溃；(金钱等的)完全丧失
[C](pl.)　废墟，遗迹　
(回归课本P43)An archaeologist from the local cultural institute，Professor Zhang，told us that 100 years ago the Swedish explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.
一个来自本地文化研究所的考古学家，张教授告诉我们100年前瑞典探险家Sven Hedin发现了古楼兰王国的遗址。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P1786)Alcohol and drugs almost ruined his career.
酒精和毒品几乎毁掉了他的事业。
②(牛津P1747)A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。
③Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.
经年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。
易混辨析
damage，harm，hurt，ruin，destroy
这五个动词均有“损害，伤害”之意。
(1)damage多用于无生命的东西，指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，而且还可以修复”。这种损坏是自然灾害或人为过失造成的。
(2)harm指对人或物的伤害或损坏，侧重身体或心理上的伤害。
(3)hurt指任何肉体或精神上的伤害，强调其痛苦的后果。
(4)ruin通常指无可挽回的伤害，但不一定指完全毁灭，含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思。此外ruin多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“坏了”。
(5)destroy强调以具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉；也可用于比喻，表示“打破(希望、计划)，使失败”。
①You will ruin no more lives as you ruined mine.
②There was an unexpected explosion in our street，but our building wasn’t harmed at all.
③The fire destroyed most of the buildings.
④You’ll hurt her feelings if you forget her birthday.
⑤Jack had an accident and damaged his bike.
4．翻译句子
地震过后，全城到处是断壁残垣。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：The earthquake left the whole city in ruins.
★5.(2011年盐城统考)With the reputation ________，food companies need to ________ their image.
A．ruining；promote
B．ruined；polish up
C．to ruin；improve
D．to be ruined；change
解析：选D。第一空考查with引导的复合结构，to be ruined表示将要被毁坏，而ruined表示已彻底毁坏。第二空考查动词辨析。promote“促进”；polish up“修改，润饰”；improve“提高，改善(生活)”；change“改变”。根据句意，D项正确。
3. drive　v．　驱使，迫使；驱赶；驾驶，开车
n．　开车旅行，开车路程；驱动器
(回归课本P48)The heat almost drove me crazy even though I was wearing very thin cotton trousers to keep me cool.
尽管我穿着很薄的棉裤保持凉爽，但是热量还是逼得我要发疯。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P613)Could you drive me home?
你可以开车送我回家吗？
②(朗文P623)This job is enough to drive you to drink.
这项工作足以把任何人逼得借酒消愁。
③A man driven by jealousy is capable of anything.
嫉妒心可以使人什么都做得出来。
④He leaves dirty clothes all over the floor and it’s driving me mad.地板上到处都是他扔的脏衣服，真要把我给气疯了。
6．根据句意填词：
(1)Your bad temper will drive your wife ________.Be careful.
答案：mad
(2)The car just drove ________ as fast as it could after the accident happened.
答案：away
(3)After the terrorism attack，the stores in the city have been driven ________.
答案：closed
(4)The children are driving me ________ despair.
答案：to
(5)The oil shortage drove the gas price ________ by 30 cents a gallon.
答案：up
4. concerned　adj.　担心的，关心的；有关的
(回归课本P51)A concerned citizen
一位关心这件事的市民
归纳拓展
everyday concerns日常事务
feel concern about忧虑，挂念
have no concern for毫不关心
show concern for sb./sth.关心某人/某事
with concern关切地
(4)concerning prep.关于
例句探源
①(牛津P408)The president is deeply concerned about this issue.总统对这个问题深感担忧。
②(朗文P409)Businesses concerned with the oil industry do not support solar energy research.
与石油有关的企业都不支持太阳能的研究。
③We asked the American professor many questions concerning American higher education after class.课后我们问了那位美国教授许多关于美国高等教育方面的问题。
④It is impossible so far as we are concerned.
就我们而言，这是不可能的。
⑤She is always concerning herself about other people’s business.她老是操心别人的事。
⑥That’s no concern of mine.这不关我的事。
7．完成句子
(1)我们都为他们的安全担心。
We are ________ ________ ________ their safety.
答案：all concerned for
(2)这事对孩子的健康成长影响极大。
This ________ ________ ________ ________ of the children deeply.
答案：concerns the healthy growth
(3)他非常担心儿子的病情。
He ________ ________ ________ for his son’s illness.
答案：showed great concern
★8.________，education is about learning and the more you learn，the more equipped for life you are.
A．As far as I concerned
B．As far as I am concerned
C．So far as I am concerning
D．So far as I was concerned
解析：选B。as/so far as sb./sth.be concerned是一固定结构，“就……而言”，排除A、C，再根据后文的education is...，可知应该用现在时态，排除D。
5. declare　vt.　宣布；声明；表明；断言；宣称
vi.　声明；(公开)表态
(回归课本P55)The next day，US President Franklin Roosevelt declared war against Japan.
第二天，美国总统富兰克林•罗斯福宣布对日作战。
归纳拓展
declare that...宣布……
declare sb./sth.(to be)＋adj.宣布某人/某物……
declare for/against...公开表示支持/反对
declare war on/against(对……)宣战
declaration n.宣布，宣言，宣告，声明；申报，声明(书)
例句探源
①(朗文P523)Severe flooding prompted the governer to declare a state of emergency Tuesday.
严重的洪水迫使州长星期二宣布进入紧急状态。
②(牛津P518)Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1914.德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。
③His actions declared him(to be)an honest man.
他的行动说明他是个老实人。
易混辨析
announce，declare
都有“宣布，公布”之意，但各有侧重。
(1)announce 指正式地“公开，发表，宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。
(2)declare 指正式和明确地向公众“宣布，宣告，声明”，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。
①The government announced that all the war prisoners would be set free.
②The Americans protested and in the end the American runner was declared the winner.
9．The judges had different ideas about the results，so it was two hours before the results were ________.
A．cried out　　　　　　　B．let out
C．announced D．declared
解析：选D。announce 多用于宣布人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息；declare 多用于宣战、议和等；cry out 喊出来；let out 泄露，放大。句意：法官对结果有不同的意见，所以两个小时后才宣布结果。
★10.(2011年江苏基础巩固题)At the conference the Chinese foreign minister________his opinion that China was strongly against the terrorism.
A．declared B．announced
C．stated D．showed
解析：选C。state 在此表示“陈述”之意。declare 与announce 都是“宣布”之意，可以被排除。
11．The government ________ the citizens that they should have their income tax ________ in time.
A．announced；pay
B．announced to；pay
C．announced to；paid
D．announced；paid
解析：选C。announce后接人要加to；pay与tax之间有被动含义，要用过去分词。
6. remains　n．　残余物；遗迹；遗体；遗址
(回归课本P43)Sven found the remains of buildings buried under the sand，together with a lot of treasures，such as coins，painted pots，silk materials，documents and wall paintings.
斯文发现了埋葬在沙子下面的建筑物遗迹，以及很多诸如钱币、彩绘罐、丝绸、文献和壁画等珍贵文物。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P1681)She fed the remains of her lunch to the dog.
她把剩下的午饭喂狗了。
②(朗文P1725)One remaining couple carried on dancing.
还剩下一对夫妻继续在跳舞。
③(2009年高考安徽卷)There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
关于那个工程的实用价值，人们还是心存某种疑虑。
④You have the right to remain silent.
你有保持沉默的权利。
⑤Worse things remain to be told.
更糟的事情留待以后再说。
⑥Remain here till I return.留在这儿，直到我回来。
12．(2010年高考重庆卷)The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building ________ now.
A．remains　　　　　　　
B．is remained
C．is remaining
D．has been remained
解析：选A。本题考查谓语动词。从本句的时间副词“now”可以确定为现在时态，而动词“remain”是个不及物动词，没有被动语态，故排除B，D；且没有进行时态，排除C。因为表达“留存”意义的remain本身就表示状态，故选A。句意： 这座宫殿在上世纪着了三次大火，故现在几乎没有留下多少原先的建筑。
★13.(2009年高考四川卷)Ladies and gentlemen，please remain________until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A．seated B．seating
C．to seat D．seat
解析：选A。句意：女士们，先生们，请在飞机完全停下来之后，再离开座位。remain仍然是；保持不变，在这里是一个连系动词。be/remain seated保持坐着的状态，seated(＝sitting)是由过去分词变来的形容词，作remain的表语，表状态。
★14.(2009年高考山东卷)The little girl who got lost decided to remain________she was and wait for her mother.
A．where　　　　　　　　　B．what
C．how D．who
解析：选A。句意：那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她的母亲。where引导地点状语从句。
7. condition　n.
(回归课本P53)Most of them were in good condition.
它们中大多数都保存完好。
归纳拓展
in good condition状态良好；身体健康
out of condition身体不适
on condition that条件是
on no condition决不(如果放在句首，句子倒装)
on this/that/what condition在这个/那个/什么条件下
living/housing/working conditions生活/住房/工作条件
例句探源
①(朗文P412)The car has been well maintained and is in excellent condition.这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。
②(牛津P411)They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we return it before the weekend.
他们同意借车给我们，条件是周末以前归还。
③She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education.
她帮助改善监狱的条件，让囚犯劳动，接受教育。
★15.(2009年高考陕西卷)From their ________ on the top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city.
A．stage　　　　　　　B．position
C．condition D．situation
解析：选B。句意：从他们在电视塔顶的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市。stage“阶段；舞台”；position“位置；地位；姿势”；condition“条件，环境，情形”；situation“形势，环境”。根据句意B项正确。
★16.(2011年江苏海安金陵中学高三联考)—Why did you refuse to move into the office?
—Because it was really in a poor ________and dirty.
A．form　　　　　　　B．situation
C．shape D．state
解析：选D。in any form/shape “某事物的任何形式”；in the shape/form of“以……的形式”；in a situation “处于……的境地；陷入……的状况”；in a poor state “处于糟糕、混乱或不整洁的状态”。句意：——你为什么拒绝搬进办公室？——因为它真的很破很脏。
★17.She is in a poor ________ of health，which worries her mother a lot.
A．position　　　　　　　 B．situation
C．state D．condition
解析：选C。position位置，职位；situation位置，形势；state状态，in a good/poor state of ...是固定词组，意为“处于……状态”；condition条件。
18．(2010年高考辽宁卷)I agree to his suggestion ________ the condition that he drops all charges.
A．by B．in
C．on D．to
解析：选C。句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他降低费用。on condition that，“条件是”，引导条件状语从句。
8. carry out　实施；执行；实现；完成
(回归课本P55)A surprise attack was carried out there by the Japanese in 1941.
1941年，日本军队进行了一次突然袭击。
归纳拓展
(1)carry out 后常接以下词作宾语：
carry out a plan 执行计划
carry out a promise 实践诺言
carry out an order 执行命令
carry out repairs 进行维修
carry out the test 进行考试
carry out an experiment 进行实验
carry out an instruction 遵照指示
carry out a suggestion 执行建议
(2)carry 构成的短语：
carry off 夺取(生命)；获得(奖项)；应付,
carry on 继续下去
carry away 运走；使……失控/着迷
carry through 贯彻，完成，维持
例句探源
①(牛津P294)Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient.已对患者进行了全面检查。
②(朗文P289)Teenagers carried out a survey on attitudes to drugs.青少年对人们对待毒品的态度进行了调查。
③We’ll carry on our conversation tomorrow.
我们明天继续展开对话。
④His courage will carry him through。
他的勇气会帮他渡过难关。
⑤She was carried away by the music and started to sing it herself.她被那乐曲迷住了，也跟着唱起来。
⑥He carried off most of the prizes.
他赢得了大部分奖项。
★19.The meal over，the managers went back to the meeting room to ________ their discussion.
A．put away　　　　　　　B．take down
C．look over D．carry on
解析：选D。句意：吃完饭后，经理们回到会议室继续他们的讨论。put away 把……收好；take down写下，记下；look over快速地查看；carry on继续。
20．用carry词组的适当形式填空：
(1)He ________ two gold medals in the Olympic Games.
答案：carried off
(2)His determination ________ him ________ the ordeal.
答案：carried through
(3)The top soil was ________ in the flood.
答案：carried away
9. in memory of　纪念
(回归课本P55)In memory of the Americans who died in the attack，a national memorial was built in Pearl Harbor just above the remains of the sunken battleship Arizona.
为了纪念在袭击中丧生的美国士兵，在珍珠港的沉船的残骸上方，国家建立了一座纪念碑。
归纳拓展
(1)in memory of＝to the memory of...为了纪念……
(2)类似搭配,in praise of赞美，歌颂
in honour of为了向……表示敬意
in search of为了寻找
in charge of负责
in control of控制
in support of支持
in favour of赞成
in place of代替
例句探源
①(牛津P1258)He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.他创办了这一慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。
②The group lit candles in memory of Laura and her brother.
人群点起了蜡烛以纪念劳拉和她的弟弟。
21．________China’s Youth’s Day，a celebration evening took place on our campus.It was a success.
A．In place of　　　　B．In hopes of
C．Instead of D．In memory of
解析：选D。根据题意可知，D项正确。这句话的意思是：为了纪念中国青年节，我们学校举行了一次庆祝晚会，结果很成功。其他选项不符合语境。in place of 意思是“代替”；in hopes of“希望”；instead of“代替；而不是”。
★22.(2011年山东烟台高三素质测试)It is ________ great honor for a country to host the Olympic Games.A great celebration was held in ________ honor of the event.
A．a；a B．a；/
C．/；/ D．/；the
解析：选B。句意：对一个国家来说举办奥运会是一件无比荣耀的事，为了纪念这件大事举办了一个盛大的庆典。第一空honor指事，是可数名词，前应用冠词，第二空in honor of为了纪念……，是固定搭配，故选B。
10. be involved in　参与……
(回归课本P47)In 1980，I was involved in exploring the preserved body of a woman.
我在1980年参与了研究一个被保存完好的女尸的工作。
归纳拓展
involve doing sth.包含做……，需要做……
involve sb.in sth.使某人牵涉进/陷入某事
be involved with sb.和某人混在一起，和某人有密切联系
be/get involved in sth.卷入；与……有关；参与(应负法律责任)
be involved in doing sth.专心致志做某事
例句探源
①(朗文P1092)As many as 100 vehicles were involved in the collision.这次撞车事故涉及车辆多达10部。
②(牛津P1078)I was so involved in my book I didn’t hear you knock.我全神贯注在看书，没听到你敲门。
③He was involved in working
④Taking the job involves living
⑤You are too emotionally involved with the situation.
你在这件事上投入的感情太多了。
23．完成句子
(1)你害得我添了一大堆额外的工作。
You have ________ ________ ________ a great deal of extra work.
答案：involved me in
(2)她和他有密切的联系，并且觉得他一定会娶她。
She’s deeply ________ ________ him and feels he must marry her.
答案：involved with
(3)别让你自己卷入这样的事中。
Don’t ________ ________ ________ ________ such matters.
答案：get yourself involved in
(4)她整晚都在专心致志地读书。
She ________ ________ ________ reading all night.
答案：was involved in
(5)经营自己的企业一般需要长时间地工作。
Running your own business usually ________ ________ long hours.
答案：involves working
11. prevent...from　妨碍，阻止
(回归课本P43)The desert was once a green land with enormous trees，but even that didn’t prevent the city from being buried by sand—what a pity!
现在的沙漠一度是一片绿色的土地，长着参天大树，然而，尽管如此也没能阻止这座城市被风沙覆盖的命运——真遗憾！
归纳拓展
prevent...from doing＝stop...from...＝
keep...from...阻止……做……
【温馨提示】
(1)在keep sb. from doing sth. 句式中，from 不可省略。因为keep sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某事”；而prevent sb. from doing sth. 与stop sb. from doing sth. 句式中的from 可省略。
(2)若用于被动语态，以上三个句式中的from 都不可省略。
We were prevented /stopped/kept from attending Professor Li’s lecture by the heavy rain.
大雨使我们没能参加李教授的演讲。
例句探源
①(牛津P1568)Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice.什么都不能阻止他鸣不平。
②(朗文P1612)Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving.守卫站在门边阻止任何人离开。
★24.All possible means ________been taken to stop the river ________.
A．have；polluting　　　
B．has；polluted
C．has；from polluted
D．have；being polluted
解析：选D。all possible means 表示复数概念，故谓语动词用复数；且根据stop sb./sth.(from)doing 句式可知，答案为D。
★25.(2011年江苏盐城中学高三模拟)In order to keep the children ________swimming in the river，Mr.Smith kept them ________staying home all day.
A．from；from B．from；/
C．/；from D．/；/
解析：选B。考查keep sb. from doing sth. 和keep sb. doing sth.的区别。keep sb. from doing sth. 表示“阻止……做……”，keep sb. doing sth. 表示“让某人一直做某事”。根据句意可知，答案为B。
26．Bad weather prevented the work ________in time.
A．completed B．from completing
C．to be completed D．being completed
解析：选D。考查prevent...from doing 用法。由于工作是被完成的，from 后跟动名词的被动形式，且from 可省略，故选D。
句型解析
1【教材原句】　Near the city was a volcano called Vesuvius.(P42)　离城市不远处有一座叫维苏威的火山。
【句法分析】　此句为完全倒装句。
谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种：
(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如：here，there，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等，置于句首且主语是名词。
①In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.
在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。
②In front of the teaching building stands a tall tree.
教学楼前有一棵大树。
③In this chapter will be found the answers to those questions.
在这章能找到那些问题的答案。
④South of the river lies a small factory.
一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。
⑤Out rushed the children.
孩子们冲了出去。(但也可以这样说：Out they rushed.因为主语为人称代词，而不是名词)
⑥Away flew the plane.(＝Away it flew.)飞机飞走了。
(2)such置于句首时。
⑦Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一个淳朴的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。
此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。
⑧Such are the facts；no one can deny them.
这就是事实，没有人能否定它们。
27．(2010年高考重庆卷)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ________，one of the ten largest cities in China.
A．lies Chongqing　　　　
B．Chongqing lies
C．does lie Chongqing
D．does Chongqing lie
解析：选A。考查倒装句。句意：中国十大城市之一的重庆位于扬子江和嘉陵江两江交汇的地方。分析句子结构得知，这里是将地点状语提前且主语为名词，故句子需用完全倒装形式。
28．(2010年高考江苏卷)—Is everyone here?
—Not yet...Look，there ________ the rest of our guests!
A．come B．comes
C．is coming D．are coming
解析：选A。句意：——都到了吗？——还没有……看，其余的客人过来了！本句中there放在句首，句子采用了倒装句式，谓语动词应该根据句子的主语the rest of our guests来判断，B项和C项为第三人称单数形式可排除；
D项用于进行时态表示将来的动作，不合题意，可排除；A项谓语动词与主语一致，故答案为A。
★29.(2010年高考陕西卷)John opened the door.There ________ he had never seen before.
A．a girl did stand
B．a girl stood
C．did a girl stand
D．stood a girl
解析：选D。句意：约翰打开门，那里站着一个他从未见过的姑娘。本题考查倒装句型。当there，here，away，down等副词置于句首且主语为名词时，要用完全倒装形式。所以D选项正确。
★30.(2009年高考福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then ________ all shouting together.
A．voices had come
B．came voices
C．voices would come
D．did voices come
解析：选B。句意：那会儿，什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。本题考查倒装结构，副词then，away，out，in等置于句首，且主语是名词时，主谓要全部倒装。
2【教材原句】　It is believed by many people to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 500.(P43)　很多人相信，它是在公元200年至公元500年之间被风沙渐渐覆盖了。
【句法分析】　句中it指的是楼兰古城，to have been gradually covered over是动词不定式的被动式，使用了完成时态，表示“被覆盖”。
①Another earth satellite is reported to have been put into orbit.据报道又有一颗地球卫星被发射到预定轨道。
归纳拓展
(1)“Sb./Sth.is hoped/said/reported/believed＋不定式”结构中，不定式可以是一般式、完成式、进行式等不同的形式。
(2)“Sb./Sth.is hoped/said/reported/believed＋不定式”结构可以转化为it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语的形式。
It is reported that ...据报道……
It is well known that ...众所周知……
It is announced that...据宣布……
It is believed that ...人们相信……
It is thought that ...人们认为……
②He is said to be working in that company.
据说他正在那家公司工作。
③He is said to have worked in that company.
据说他在那家公司工作过。
④He is said to work in that company.
据说他要到那家公司去工作。
【温馨提示】　如果使用表示“建议”“命令”“要求” 的动词的过去分词如suggested，ordered，required 等时，that 从句中的谓语动词用should ＋动词原形，should 可以省略。
⑤It is required that the article(should) be handed in before Friday.
老师要求文章在星期五之前交上。
31．句型转换
(1)It’s believed that Helen is John’s wife in law.
→Helen ________ ________ ________ ________John’s wife in law.
答案：is believed to be
(2)It is said that the book has been translated into several languages.
→The book is said ________ ________ ________ ________into several languages.
答案：to have been translated
★32.(2011年东北三校一模)Cao Cao’s tomb is reported ________ in Anyang，which attracts nationwide attention.
A．being found　　　　　B．to be found
C．having been found D．to have been found
解析：选D。句意：据报道，安阳发现了曹操墓，引起了全国(民众)的关注。前半句是“It’s reported that Cao Cao’s tomb has been found in Anyang”的另外一种表达方式，表示该动作已经发生，所以用不定式的完成形式。
3【教材原句】　Not only was Rome a city and a republic，but it was also to become the capital of one of the largest empires in history.(P58)
罗马不仅是个城市和共和国，它也注定成为历史上最大帝国之一的首都。
【句法分析】　not only置于句首时用部分倒装。
①Not only did the teachers take part in the English evening party，but also they sang at the party.
老师们不但参加了英语晚会，而且在晚会上唱了歌。
归纳拓展
(1)not only...but also ...连接两个并列主语时，遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词的数与靠得最近的主语的数保持一致。
(2)not only...but also...连接并列的两个分句时，若not only 放在句首，则它引导的分句要用倒装结构。
(3)但是如果not only... but also ...连接两个并列主语，就不用倒装结构。
(4)not only...but also...中的also可以省略。
②Not only he but also I am a student.
不但他是学生，我也是。
③Not only did he say so，but also he did so.
他不仅这样说，也这样做了。
④Not only had the poor man been fined，but also he had been sent to prison.
这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。
⑤Not only your possessions but also your life will be lost.
不仅你的财产，而且你的生命也将失去。
33．(2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ)The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only ________，but students became more interested in the lessons.
A．saved was teachers’ energy
B．was teachers’ energy saved
C．teachers’ energy was saved
D．was saved teachers’ energy
解析：选B。句意：电脑被应用于教学中。这样不仅节省了老师的精力，而且也使学生对课堂更感兴趣了。此题考查倒装结构。表否定意义的not only置于句首时，后面所跟分句要部分倒装，故选B项。
★34.(2011年江苏丹阳一模)Smith was overweight，so the doctor urged that not only ________ have less fat and meat，but also he ________.
A．should he；take exercise
B．ought he；take exercise
C．he should；takes exercise
D．he ought；takes exercise
解析：选A。句意：史密斯太胖了，所以医生极力主张他不仅要少吃点脂肪和肉，还要进行锻炼。表否定意义的not only置于句首，后面所跟分句用部分倒装，所以选B。
35．完成句子
Not only you but also I ________ fit for the job.
不但你而且我也适合这项工作。
答案：am
作文指导
长句和短句的变换
长句含有许多修饰语，适合表达准确而复杂的思想，解释观点或理论，描写细致的事物；短句比较简洁、明快、有力，适合陈述重要的事实或想法。长句使文章富有气势，却容易产生语法错误，或者造成理解障碍；短句不容易出错，但是短句的堆砌容易让人感觉语言技巧不成熟、不老练。
在实际写作中，一味地采用长句或短句都是不可取的，要长短句交替使用。通常最简单而又适用于应试的长短句交错的方法是：以简单句为基础，配以适当的并列句和复合句。简单句可长可短，一般要加些附属成分，如分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语和副词短语等。
短句变长句
【佳句选粹1】
【原文】 【优化】
Lies do harm to those who are being told.Lies also do harm to those who tell them. Lies not only do harm to those who are being told，but also do harm to those who tell them.
【分析】　原来的两个句子之间存在明显的并列关系，因此应将其合二为一，改写成由“not only...，but also...”连接成的一个并列句，这样才更符合英语作为“形合语言”的特点。
【佳句选粹2】
【原文】 【优化】
His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well with people.He always proves himself hardworking and modest. His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well with people and he always proves himself hardworking and modest.
【分析】　原来的两个句子之间存在明显的并列关系，因此应将其合二为一，改写成由and连接成的一个并列句，这样才更符合英语作为“形合语言”的特点。
【佳句选粹3】
【原文】 【优化】
　　In most countries，schools can be divided into two broad categories：public schools and private schools.Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.The majority of private schools are single¬sex educational establishments. In most countries，schools can be divided into two broad categories：public schools，which are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls，and private schools，the majority of which are single¬sex educational establishments.
【分析】　句子“Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.”中的“public schools”用which代替，并作为引导词变成非限制性定语从句；句子“The majority of private schools are single¬sex educational establishments.”中的“private schools”用which代替，变成了“the majority of which”形式，这正是定语从句“介词of＋which”结构。用了两个定语从句优化后，句子显得更有文采，而且更有气势。
长句变短句
长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想，但如果片面追求复杂句式，华而不实，反而成为表达的累赘。
写作中句子的长短应根据表达的需要，有话则长，无话则短。短句不仅指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精练。简洁是一个重要的原则，用词累赘是写作的大忌。
【佳句选粹】
【原文】 【优化】
His father，who is a salesman，became a millionaire overnight. His father，a salesman，became a millionaire overnight.
【分析】　优化后的句子用同位语代替了原句中的定语从句，从而起到了精简句子的作用。

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