高二英语第十二单元Mainly Revision
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科目 英语
年级 高二
文件　high2 unit12.doc
标题 Mainly Revision
章节 第十二单元
关键词 高二英语第十二单元
内容 　　　
一、教学目的和要求
　　1.单词和词组：
the other day 　 goldfish 　　 　 L.45L四会
breath hold one's breath throw at L.46
fine (vi.) dish get away fall over L.47
recent exercise (vi) 　 L.48
tank underwater bush L.45三会
lion Green Park Zoo attack frighten pale L.46
stare stare at carry off so as to attract
keeper struggle to one's feet speed up flow L.47
exact L.48
for one thing 　 centimetre (cm)　 L.45二会
Cousins L.46
Jo run out of　 L.47
　　2.日常交际用语：
　　　复习第七至十一单元出现过的日常交际用语。
　　3.语法：
　　　复习第七至十一单元出现过的重点语法项目。
二、重点与难点
　　L.45
　　1. We need to find one about 30 centimeters (cm) by 30cm by 50cm .
　　　我们需要找一个大约30公分宽、50公分长的水箱。
　　句中的30cm by 30cm by 50cm是体积的表示法，其中介词by表示"用……去乘"的意思，分别表示宽、高、长的长度。例如：
　　　I want to buy a cage 1.5m by 1.5m by 3m.
　　　我想买一个1.5米宽、1.5m高、3m长的笼子。
　　另外，句中的体积表示法也可以写出1.5m×1.5m×3m
　　2. Check the prices before you decide whether to buy one .
　　　要看好价格，然后再决定买不买。
　　句中的whether to buy one是疑问词+不定式结构，作及物动词的宾语。在此"whether"作"是否"解，在这种结构中，不能用if代替（if to buy one是错误的）。例如：
　　　We haven't decided whether to have a party .
　　　我们还没决定是否举行一次聚会。
　　　They didn't tell us when to paint the house .
　　　他们没告诉我们什么时候粉刷房屋。
　　　The worker showed us how to operate the machine .
　　　这位工人告诉我们怎样操作这台机器。
　　3. For one thing they keep the water clean . Also they make the tank look much prettier .
　　　一则它们（水下植物）可以使水保持清洁，再则他们可以便水箱看起来漂亮些。
　　a)句中的for one thing意思是"首先"，"一则"，用来举出理由，常用在For one thing…，for another…或For one thing…Also…这种结构中，意思为"一则……，再则……"或"首先……，其次……"。例如：
　　　I can't stay here for long . For one thing , I've no time . For another , I've no money .
　　　我不能在此逗留太久。首先，我没时间，其次，我没有钱。
　　I think she's fit for the job . For one thing , she dances . Also she's fond of singing .
　　我认为她适合这个工作。一则她会跳舞，再则她喜欢唱歌。
　　b)keep在句中是"使……保持"的意思，make是"使／让……"的意思，在这二个词的后面都跟复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）。在本句中，keep后面的复合宾语是"名词+形容词"（keep the water clean）；而make后的复合宾语是"名词+不带to的不定式"（make the tank look prettier）。例如：
　　Good food keeps you healthy .
　　好的食物能使你保持健康。
　　Please keep the room clean .
　　请保持室内清洁。
　　He made his parents happy .
　　他使他的父母高兴。（这是跟"名词+形容词"的复合宾语。）
　　They made the child cry .
　　他们把孩子给弄哭了。
　　L.46
　　1. The manager of the zoo said that the young lion , which was born in the zoo and is now six months old , would probably not attack people .
　　动物园的经理说，幼狮是在动物园出生的，只有六个月，很可能不会咬人。
　　a)这是一个主从复合句，其中的主句是"The manager of the zoo said"，其后跟了一个由that补导的宾语从句"that the young lion…would probably not attack people"，而在这一从句中，又插入了一个非限定性定语从句"which was born…six months old"，来修饰先行词the young lion .
　　b)句中的副词probably作"或许"，"可能"解，是most likely（很可能）的意思。所学过的类似的副词有：possibly , maybe , perhaps。另外还有形容词likely，也有很可能的意思。这些词都表示可能性，但在程度上和用法上稍有不同。perhaps作"或许"解，含有"也许如此"，"也许不如此"的意味，它和possibly的意味相似，但possibly通常与情态动词can , may , must等词连用。例如：
　　Perhaps it is true .／It may possibly be true .这也许是真的。
　　△Maybe也作"或许"解，同perhaps的意思接近，但比perhaps更为普通，它是英国英语，而maybe是美国英语。例如：
　　Perhaps it is true .／Maybe it is true .这或许是真的。
　　△probably也是"或许"、"可能"的意思，它比perhaps和possibly所表示的可能性大。例如：
　　They will perhaps succeed .／They may possibly succeed .
　　这二句语的意思是"他们或许会成功。"其中含有"不会成功"的意思较多。
　　但下面这个句中表达的意思则是含有"会成功"的意思较多。例如：
　　They will probably succeed .他们很可能会成功。
　　△而形容词likely也有"很可能的意思，大体上和probable同义，但比probable更为多用。在用法上他们也是有些不同的。likely后面常跟动词不定式式（be likely to do sth .）；而probable之后通常不跟不定式。例如：
　　He is likely to come .
　　他很可能会来。
　　在这外句子中，likely不可用probable代替。但在下面的句子中，probable却可以代替likely。例如：
　　It is likely that he'll come .／It is probable that he'll come .
　　2. Anyone who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo and the police .
　　　无论谁看到这头狮子请打电话给动物园和警察。
　　句中的anyone who相当于whoever。anyone为代词，意思是"任何人"，"无论何人"。
　　例如：I didn't see anyone . 我没见到任何人。
　　　　　Does anyone know the answer ? 有人知道答案吗？
　　请注意区别anyone与any one。anyone是代词，作"任何人"解；any one可起形容词的作用，也可起代词的作用，意思是"任何一个的"，"任何一个人（一件事）"。
　　另外any one后可接of短语，而anyone则不可以接of短语。例如：
　　I didn't ask anyone to help me with the work .
　　我没有请任何人帮忙。
　　I didn't ask any one of them to help me with the work .
　　我没有请他们中的任何一个人帮忙。
　　3. Mrs Cousins was making a lot of noise with the pans and did not hear anything unusual .
　　　卡曾斯太太摆弄锅盘的响声很大，所以她没听见有什么特殊的动静。
　　句中的noise一词的意思是"声音"，尤指喧闹声，噪音。make a noise作"喧嚷"、"吵闹"、"发出噪音"解。例如：
　　　Don't make so much noise .／Don't make such a loud noise . The baby is sleeping .
　　　别这么吵闹，小婴儿正在睡觉。
　　我们学过表示"声音"的词还有：voice和sound，表示"声音"时，这三个词可以通用。例如：
　　　I heard a voice／sound／noise .
　　　我听到了一个声音。
　　但是它们分别又各有特定的含义。
　　△noise作"噪音"、"嘈杂声"、"吵闹声"，主要指不悦耳，不和谐的声音，它既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。例如：
　　　Noise is another kind of pollution .
　　　噪音是另外一种污染。
　　　Very loud noise can make people ill , or even drive them mad .
　　　很大的噪音可以使人得病，甚至使人发狂。
　　△voice多指人发出的声音，包括说话声，歌声或笑声，有时也用于引申的意义，作"意见"、"发言权"解。例如：
　　　They boy shouted at the top of his voice .
　　　那男孩高声呼叫。
　　　I'm sorry I didn't recognize your voice .
　　　对不起，我没听出来你的声音。
　　　She has a sweet voice .
　　　她的声音甜美。
　　　I've no voice in the matter .
　　　对于这件事，我无发言权。
　　△sound含义最广，指可以听到的任何声音。例如：
　　a weak sound微弱的声音，a strange sound奇怪的声音，the sound of music音乐之声。
　　　I heard a strange sound outside .
　　　我听到外面有一种奇怪的声音。
　　　He went upstairs , without a sound .
　　　他悄悄地上了楼。
　　4. She was just about to open the window and shouted at the dog to frighten it , when she stopped and stood quite still .
　　　她正准备打开窗户，大声吓唬一下那条狗，这时她突然停住了，站着一动也不动。
　　a)句中的be about to do sth表示"即将做某事"，"马上就要做某事"，"正要做某事"。例如：
　　　Don't go out now . we're about to have lunch .
　　　现在不要出去，我们就要开饭了。
　　　We were just about to leave when you telephoned .
　　　我们正要离开时，你来电话了。
　　这里需要注意的是，about常与when搭配使用，这时其句子的特点是英语主从关系和汉语的主从关系恰好相反，比如上面的这个句子，英语中when you telephoned是时间状语从句，而汉语句中则是主句，而we were about to leave在英语中是主句，汉语中却成了从句。又如：
　　　I was about to start when it began to rain .
　　　我正要动身，就开始下雨了。
　　b)句中的when是连词，连接两个并列的分句，意思是"届时"，"在那时"，"……然后"，必要时在when的从句之前加逗号。例如：
　　　I was about to go to bed last night , when I heard a cry for help .
　　　昨晚我正要睡觉时，突然听到了呼救声。
　　　My friend Jack came to see me , when I had dinner .
　　　我的朋友杰克来看我，那时我正在吃晚饭。
　　c)句中的stood quite still短语中stood可以看作是系动词，后面跟的是形容词still作表语，意思是"静止的"，"不出声的"。to stand still相当于to remain unmoving and silent，用以说明句子中的主语所处于某种状态。类似的动词还有sit , lie，在这些词后也可以跟形容词作表语，对句子的主语进行描述。例如：
　　　　He stood still , watching the old people playing chess .
　　　　他站在那儿一动也不动，观看着老人们下棋。
　　　　He lay awake , thinking about changing his job .
　　　　他毫无睡意地躺着，考虑要换个工作。
　　　　She sat still , waiting for their decision .
　　　　她坐着不动，等候他们的决定。
　　5. At that very moment , the animal bent over the baby .
　　　就在那一刹那，狮子俯身看着婴儿。
　　a)句中的very是形容词，用来加强语气，作"正好"，"就在"，"正是"解。例如
　　　That's the very thing I'm after .
　　　那正是我在追求的东西
　　　This is the very man we have been talking about .
　　　这个人正是我们在谈论的（那个）人。
　　b)动词bend意为"弯腰"，"曲身"，"屈服"，与over一起构成短评动词相当于turn over , lean to the ground，例如：
　　　The tall man bent to listen to the little boy .
　　　那位高个子男人弯下腰来听小男孩讲话。
　　　I can't bend before them .
　　　我不能向他们屈服。
　　　He stopped and bent over to tie his shoes .
　　　他停下来，弯腰系鞋带。
　　6. Mrs , Cousins held her breath , and her whole body went cold .
　　　卡曾斯太太屏住呼吸，全身发冷。
　　a)句中的短语hold one's breath意思是"屏住呼吸"，"不出声"。例如：
　　　How long can you hold your breath for ?
　　　你能屏住呼吸多久？
　　　The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope .
　　　杂技演员走钢丝时，观从们都屏住了呼吸。
　　b)句中的went（go为原形）作系动词用，意思是"变得"（同become），cold是形容词，作表语，说明主语发生的变化。类似的系动词还有：fall , get , turn等。例如：
　　　Eggs are easy to go bad in summer .
　　　在夏天，鸡蛋容易变坏。
　　　It's getting dark , let's stop working .
　　　天快黑了，咱们停止工作吧。
　　　The leaves of the trees turn green when spring comes .
　　　当春天来临时，树叶就变绿了。
　　　Before liberation , he often went hungry .
　　　解放前，他经常挨饿。
　　　Has anything gone wrong with the machine ?
　　　机器出什么毛病了吗？
　　7. Worse still , it could even carry off the baby in its mouth .
　　　更糟的是，狮子甚至可能把婴儿叼走。
　　句中的worse still是"更糟糕的是……"，同于what's worse .这是形容词词组构成的插入语，用来作补充说明，插入语后面通常用逗号同句子的其它成分分开。例如：
　　　Lots of trees were blown down , Worse still (What's worse) , some people were　killed or injured .
　　　许多树木被风刮倒了，更糟糕的是，还死伤了一些人。
　　　It was very cold last night . Worse still , it was snowing .
　　　昨天晚上很冷，更糟的是，还下着雪。
　　8. There was not a moment to lose . ( = She had no time to waste .)
　　　不能再耽误了。
　　　There was not a moment to lose .
　　是一个固定的表达法，意思是"立即行动起来"，"一刻也不能耽误"。lose在这里作"耽搁"，"浪费时间"解。例如：
　　　Hurry up , there's not a moment to lose .
　　　快点，一刻也不能耽搁了。
　　　She's very ill .Take her to the hospital and there's not a moment to lose .
　　　她病得不轻，快送她去医院，一刻也不能耽误。
　　9. The lion looked at her as she swung the pork in her hand so as to attrack the lion's attention .
　　　当她摇晃着手中的猪肉吸引狮子的注意力时，狮子看着她。
　　句中的attract是"吸引"，"引起注意"，"引起兴趣"的意思，（=draw）。例如：
　　　The new film in going to attract a lot of visitors .
　　　这部新影片会很受欢迎的。
　　　The newly built museum began to attract a lot of visitors .
　　　这座新建的博物馆吸引了不少参观者。
　　10. "Here ! Eat that !" she cried as she threw the leg of pork as far as she could onto the grass away from the table .
　　　她一边尽可能地把猪腿扔到远离桌子的草地上，一边喊着，"喂，吃这个吧！"
　　a)句中的here，是感叹词，用来引起别人注意，译时比较灵活。例如：
　　　Here , look at the beautiful picture !
　　　喂，请看这张美丽的画片！
　　　Here , don't walk so quickly .
　　　喂，别走那么快。
　　　Here , give me a hand .
　　　喂，请帮帮我。
　　b) as far as she could后面省略了动词throw，这是一个状语从句，相当于as far as possible（尽可能远）。
　　　这二个结构是这样的：
　　　as + adj.／adv. + as + one can .
　　　as + adj.／adv. + as possible .
　　例如：
　　　I shall come to see you as often as I can／possible .
　　　我会尽可能常来看你。
　　　I'll try to work as hand as I can／possible .
　　　我将尽可能地努力工作。
　L.47
　　1. It's not safe to go outside until it is caught .
　　　在抓住它之前，外出是不安全的。
　　a)在这个句子中，句首的it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to go outside，而第二个短语是人称代词，在这里代替的是the young lion。
　　b)在这里要注意的是句中not…until…的结构，其中的until相当于before的意思。这种结构的句子，翻译时可以译作"在……之前不……"，也可以译作"到……之后才……"。
　　如本课中的这句话还可以译作"抓住狮子之后，外出才是安全的。"请看下面的句子：
　　Don't leave until I come back .
　　在我回来之前不要离开。（我回来之后再离开。）
　　We won't do anything until we've thought it over .
　　在我们仔细考虑之前，我们不会做任何事情的。（在我们仔细考虑之后才会去做的。）
　　He didn't do his homework until his mother came home .
　　他妈妈回到家之后他才做功课。
　　2. Two keepers from the zoo came into the house and looked into the garden .
　　　动物园的两位饲养员走进屋来，察看了一下花园里情况。
　　句中的动词短语look into的意思是"调查"，"研究"，"了解"的意思，但在本句中有"观察"，"调查"之意。例如：
　　　We'll look into this matter together .
　　　我们将一起调查这件事。
　　　The police are looking into the records of all those involved in the crime .
　　警察在查阅所有被牵扯到这个案子里的人的档案。
　　其实look into的本意是"向里面看"。例如：
　　　Father said to his son , "look into the box and tell me what you see" .
　　　父亲对儿子说："朝箱子里面，然后告诉我你看到了什么"。
　　3. Walking slowly across the grass he pointed the pipe at the lion and fired .
　　　慢慢地穿过草地，他把枪筒对准狮子，紧接着他就开枪了。
　　a)句首的walking slowly across the grass是～ing短语作状语 ，表示伴随的动作。这种～ing短语作状语时，可以放在句首也可以放在句末。
　　b)句中的point…at…是"把……对准"，"指向"的意思。另外point to的意思是"指""指着"的意思。例如：
　　　She was pointing her fingers at him .
　　　她把手指指着他。
　　"Point the gun at the target" , the officer ordered .
　　　军官命令道"把枪对准靶子"。
　　　The hands of the clock pointed to ten .
　　　钟表的指针指着十点。
　　　It's impolite to point your fingers at people .
　　　用手指指人是不礼貌的。
　　4. The lion made a sudden angry noise and struggled to its feet .
　　　狮子突然发出一声怒吼，挣扎着站了起来。
　　a)句中的make a noise是"发出响声"的意思，在noise一词之前可以加形容词或不定代词，如make a great noise（发出很大的响声），make a loud noise（发出闹声），make no noise（不发出声响）等。另外，noise一词可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。例如：
　　　Don't make any noise . The hildren are sleeping .
　　　别吵闹，孩子们正在睡觉呢。
　　　What's that noise ?
　　　那是什么响？
　　　Who's making those strange noises ?
　　　谁弄出的那种怪声？
　　b)句中的struggle to one's feet短语是"挣扎着站起来"的意思。动词struggle是"挣扎"，"奋力"，"作努力"，"斗争"的意思。例如：
　　　The people were struggling to get out of the burning building .
　　　人们奋力逃离出燃烧着的建筑物。
　　　A bird was caught and was struggling to get free .
　　　小鸟被捉并且奋力挣脱。
　　5. After a moment , it fell over and lay still .
　　　不一会儿，它（狮子）就摔倒在地，一动不动了。
　　句中的fall over是"摔倒"的意思。例如：
　　　A girl fell over and hit her head .
　　　小女孩摔倒了，碰了头。
　　　He fell over a rock and hurt himself .
　　　他跌倒在石头上并且受了伤。
　　　The hunter fired and the deer fell over dead .
　　　猎人开枪了，鹿儿倒下死了。
三、同步测试
　　I选择最佳答案
　　　1. She seems to　　　　　the People's Park before .
　　　　A. be visiting B. have visited C. visit D. had visited
　　　2. If you go to see the film , so　　　　　I .
　　　　A. go B. am C. do D. will
　　　3. He is not fit for the position . For one thing , he's not received enough education . For　　　　　he doesn't work hard .
　　　　A. one other B. the second C. the other thing D. another
　　　4. Worse　　　　, they lost their way in the forest .
　　　　A. still B. all C. also D. more
　　　5. Please keep　　　　when I take the picture f you .
　　　　A. calm B. quietly C. still D. silently
　　　6. Not asking　　　　of his friends to help , the boy did it by himself .
　　　　A. someone B. anyone C. anybody D. any one
　　　7. I've written to my family,　　　　them about my school life here .
　　　　A. and tell B. to be told C. telling D. tell
　　　8. "Please get yourselves　　　　for the coming exam" , the teacher said to the students.
　　　　A. to prepare B. prepared C. prepare D. preparing
　　　9. Do you still remember the match we watched　　　　several months ago ?
　　　　A. for a time B. sometimes C. sometime D. at times
　　　10.──When can you finish it ?
　　　　 ──It's hard to say . I'll finish it　　　　.
　　　　A. as fast as possible B. as soon as possible
　　　　C. as much as possible D. as possible as I can
　　　11. It's never easy to succeed　　　　hard work .
　　　　A. after B. unless C. without D. with
　　　12. All the problems raised at the meeting were solved　　　　.
　　　　A. one from the other B. one to another
　　　　C. one by one D. one after one
　　　13. What kind of　　　　did you see in the zoo ?
　　　　A. the new animal B. a new animal C. an animal D. new animal
　　　14. He saw a boy running out　　　　the big tree .
　　　　A. from behind B. from C. around D. of
　　　15. He likes doing his homework with the radio　　　　on .
　　　　A. to turn B. turning C. turned D. turn
　　　16. Anyone who breaks the law can't escape　　　　.
　　　　A. punishing B. being punished C. punished D. from punishing
　　　17. The most interesting thing about this animal is　　　　it lives on .
　　　　A. how B. what C. which D. where
　　　18. It was　　　　yesterday that I　　　　the news .
　　　　A. until , didn't know B. not until , knew
　　　　C. until , knew D. not since , knew
　　　19. The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply , and　　　　.
　　　　A. did Charlie so B. Charlie so did
　　　　C. so Charlie did D. so did Charlie
　　　20. The needle of a compass（指南针）always　　　　the south .
　　　　A. refers at B. points at C. points to D. refers to
II完形填空
　　The United States is full of cars . There are still many families 1 cars , but some families have two or more . However , cars are used for 2 joy . They are a necessary part of 3 .
　　Cars are used for 4 . They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have 5 to get to their jobs . When 6 are sent to different parts of the city , They have to drive in order to 7 their goods , Farmers have to drive into cities in order to buy things .
　　Sometimes small children 8 be driven to school , In some cities school buses are used only 9 children who live more than a mile 10 school . When children are too young to walk 11 far , their 12 take turns to drive them to school , One mother drives on Monday , taking her own children and the 13 as well . Another mother drives on Tuesday , another on Wednesday 14 , So people say they 15 a car pool . Men also form car pools-three or four of them take turns to drive to the place 16 they all work .
　　More car pools should be formed in order to put 17 cars on the road and to use less oil . Car-leaving place is a great problem , and 18 is the over-busy road

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