新目标八年级英语上册第一单元知识点总结
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Unit 1.How often do you exercise?
I. 重点短语归纳：
on weekends 在周末
1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after=take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skateboarding 去滑滑板
watch TV看电视
6. keep healthy=stay healthy = keep in good health 保持健康
keep + 形容词 表保持某种状态
do some reading 阅读
7. exercise= take/do (much) exercise=do sports锻炼
8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动
10. the same as 与什么相同
11. once a month一月一次
12. be different from 不同
13. twice a week一周两次.three times a week一周三次
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
As teachers, you must believe that you can make a difference to the lives of your students.
身为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够影响学生的一生。
A false step will make a great difference to my future.
错走一步对我的前程来说会产生很大影响。
15. how often 多久一次，询问动作发生的频率
how many times 多少次 ，用来提问做某事的次数
16. although=though虽然 <不能与but连用>
Although he is old, he is quite strong.
(He is old, but he is quite strong.)
句子中，有although或though就不可再用but，但可用yet或still“仍然，还”；有because就不能再用so.
17. most of the students=most students大多数学生
18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于
20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业
22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益
26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事
30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course=certainly=sure当然
32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice 一些建议
some advice 中的 advice 是不可数名词 a piece of advice 一则建议
give advice 提出建议 take one’s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议
4. help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事=help sb with sth
35. a lot of vegetables=many vegetables许多蔬菜
36. hardly= almost not几乎不 hardly ever很少，几乎不，从不
37. keep/be in good health保持健康
38. your favorite program你最喜欢的节目
39. Animal World 动物世界
40. play soccer踢足球
41.every day 每天
every day 与 everyday
　　1. every day　作状语，译为“每一天”。如：
　　　　We go to school at 7:10 every day.
　　　　我们每天7：10去上学。
　　　　I decide to read English every day.
　　　　我决定每天读英语。
　　2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。
　　　　She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
　　　　她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
　　　　What's your everyday activity?　　你的日常活动是什么？
42.once or twice a week 每周一两次
43. three or four times a week 每周三四次
44. at Green High School 在格林高中
45. all students 所有的学生
46. most students 大多数学生
47. some students 一些学生
48. no students 没有学生
49.the result of a survey 调查结果
50.the result for “watch TV”“看电视”的调查结果
51. improve your English 提高你的英语
52. drink milk 喝牛奶
53. pretty healthy 相当健康 pretty adv. 相当，非常
Pretty（用作副词时） =rather=very=quite 非常，相当
54. kind of = a little 有点
I think I’m kind of unhealthy. 我想我有点不健康。
二. 重点句子：
1.How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month等。
How often do you go to the factory? Twice a week.你们多久到工厂去一次？ 每星期两次。
“How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”
2“What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”
“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。
翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.
What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.
3. “What’s your favorite program?” “It’s Animal World.”
“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：
As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。
As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。
至于我自己，我现在不想去。As for myself, I don’t want to go now.
至于那个人，我什么都不知道。As for the man, I know nothing about him.
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；
want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：
Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？
The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。
有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语
ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人去做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
6. She says it’s good for my health.
be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是
介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：
It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good .　这里pretty相当于very 。
10.I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示
“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如:
You’d better try doing the experiment in another way.
你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级
13.Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?
＝Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours?
be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .　
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17. That sounds interesting.　
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell
（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get
（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：
It tastes good. 这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。
18. I think I’m kind of unhealthy. 我想我有点不健康。
kind of = a little
a kind of 一种
三．知识结构
○1. 注意sometimes与几个形似的词的区别。
(1) sometime是副词，意为“在某个时候”，“某时”
Will you come again sometime next week?
(2) some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用
I will stay here for some time.我将在这呆一段时间。
(3) some times是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”
I met him some times in the street last month.
上个月我在街上遇到他好几次了。
（4）sometimes 是频度副词，意为“有时”
He sometimes goes skateboarding on weekends.
他有时周末去滑滑板。
○2 time意为“时间”时，为不可数名词。 意为“次数，倍数”时，为可数名词，
What time is it?
I go to the movies three times a week.
注意“次数”的表达方法
一次 once， 两次 twice，三次或三次以上用基数词加上times：
three times、five times、one hundred times.
表示“……几次”的表达方法是：
once a day/ a week/ a month/ a year
twice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year
○3 same与different
1.same指“相同的”，前面通常要有一个定冠词the，但是如果same前面已经有this，those等词，就不能再与the连用了。如：
　　　 We are in the same class.　　　 我们在同一个班级。
　　 结构：the same as　与......一样　如：
　　　 His mark is the same as mine.　　　他的分数和我的分数一样。
2.different译为“不同的”，其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如：
　　　 We are in different classes. 　　　我们在不同的班级。
　　结构：be different from　与......不同　如：
　　　 This sweater is different from that one.　这件毛衣与那一件不同。
different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。
○4 hard / hardly
hard: hard既可作形容词，也可作副词。adj. 辛苦的，困难的 adv. 努力，使劲地
He had a hard (adj.)time in the past.
It's a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult)　　这是一个难的问题。
The boy studies very hard (adv.). 　　　那男孩学习非常努力
He works hard. 他努力工作。
句子结构：It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如：
　　　It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。
注意区分：hard work 困难的工作
　　　　　　 work hard 努力工作
hardly是频度副词，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容词、副词和动词之前。hardly: adv. 几乎不，简直不
　　　I can hardly see it.　　　我几乎看不到它。
He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。
It hardly rains here, does it?
○5 how often / how long / how soon / how far
how often: “隔多久一次”，指动作的频率，答语常用often, never, twice a week等表示频率的副词或短语。（用于一般现在时或一般过去时）
How often do you go to the movies?
Once a week. / I never go to the movies.
how long: 1)“（延续）多长时间”，回答用for＋时间段或since＋时间点。（用于各种时态）；2) 询问物体的长度。
How long is the Yellow River?
How long have you learned English?
I have learned it for 5 years.
I have learned it since 5 years ago.
how soon: “还要多久才…，多久以后”，答语常用“in＋时间段”。（用于一般将来时）
How soon will she come back?
She’ll come back in an hour.
how far: “多远”，询问距离。
Can you tell me how far it is from here to your home?
How far is it from your home to our school?
It’s 2 kilometers away.
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