新目标八年级英语上册第三单元知识点总结(Unit 4 How do you get to school? )
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Unit 4 How do you get to school?
一．短语归纳
1. take the subway to … = go to … by subway 搭地铁
2. take the train to … = go to … by train 坐火车
3. take a bus to … = go to …by bus = go to … on a bus 乘坐公共汽车
4. take a taxi to … = go to … by taxi 坐的士
5. ride a bike/ bicycle to… = go to … by bike/ bicycle 骑自行车
6. walk to… = go to … on foot 步行
7. take a car to… = go to … in a car= go to … by car 坐汽车
8. get to school 到达学校get to=arrive in/at=reach 到达 (in加大地方at加小地方)
9. 10 kilometers from school 离学校10公里（远）
10. from…to… 从…到… from his home to school 从他家到学校
11. how （用于提问状态和交通工具） 怎样
how long 用来询问时间的长度（用于提问时间段 多长（时间）） 或物体的长度
how often （用于提问频率） 多久时间一次
how far （用于提问距离） 多远
how many 用于提问数量） 多少
how much（用于提问数量/价钱） 多少/多少钱
how soon“过多久”，用来询问某事要在多久以后才能发生
12. have a quick breakfast 快速地吃早餐
13. leave for school 出发去学校
14. the early bus 早班车
15. take sb. to school 带某人去学校
Then the early bus takes him to school.然后，他乘坐早班车到学校
16. bus ride 搭公车的路程
17. bus stop 公车亭
18. bus station 公车站
bus stop 是指小站，bus station指大的站，比如汽车站。现在的英语 尤其是美式英语里，二者的区分不是太细。
19. train station 火车站
20. subway station 地铁站
21. think of 认为
22. around the world=all over the world 遍及全世界
22.the school bus 校车
23. in North /South America 在北/南美洲
in the north/south/east/west of American 在美国的北/南/东/西部
24. on the school bus 乘/坐校车
25. in other parts of the world 在世界上的其他地方
26. the other （两者中的）另一个
27. others = other (students) 其他的（学生）
28. things are different 情况不同
29. be different from 与…不同
be the same as 与……一样(见后)
30. make a difference 产生差异
31. depend on 取决于/依赖/依靠
In China , it depends on where you are . → depend on 视……而定；决定于
I haven’t a car, I have to depend on the buses. 我没有汽车，只能依靠公共汽车。
32. go to school by boat = take a boat to school 坐船去上学
33. must be 肯定/一定是
34. a lot more fun 更多的乐趣
35. not all students并非所有的学生
36. the most popular ways /means最流行的方式
means of transportation 交通方式
In China，bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中国，自行车和公共汽车是最流行的交通方式。
37. a small number of 小部分的
A small number of students take the subway to school.小部分学生乘坐地铁上学
38. a large/ great number of 大多数的
☆ a number of + 复数名词 作主语，动词用复数 “许多”=many
可用large/great/small 修饰，表程度。
☆ the number of + 复数名词 作主语，动词用单数 “…..的数量”
A great number of students are young.
The number of them is 2,200.
39. be ill in the hospital 生病住院
ill和sick 都可作表语 He is ill/sick. 他生病了。
但是He is a sick man. 他是一个病人。（sick作定语，此时不能用ill）
ill(形容词)：illness（名词）
40. worry about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事
☆ worry about sb/sth=be worried about ….为某人/某事担心
I worry about my study.= I am wirried about my study.
41. take a shower淋浴
42.at around six thirty在大约六点半
around 作介词时，是“大约、将近”的意思时，常与数词连用
He leaves for school at around six thirty. 他大约在6点30分动身去学校
leave for 动词短语，意思是“去（某地）” 见3单元重点短语归纳中的详解
43. five minutes’walk步行五分钟的路程
44. Don’t worry. 别担心
45. in Chinese 用汉语
46.How/ What about…？
How/ What about…？常用来询问和建议，其中about是介词，其后跟名词、代词及动名词，意思是“……怎么样？……如何？”
How about trying again? 再试一下如何？
二． 固定结构
1. It takes/ took (sb.) some time to do sth.
做某事花了某人……时间/某人花了……时间做某事
It takes me 20 minutes to finish all my homework.
我花了20分钟的时间完成了所有的作业。
It took him 2 years to finish making the movie.
他花了两年的时间制作了这部电影。
此句子结构可等同于：
sb. spend/ spent some time on sth. 某人花了……时间在某事上
sb. spend/ spent some time (in) doing sth.
某人花了……做某事
It takes me 20 minutes to finish all my homework.
= I spend 20 minutes on all my homework.
= I spend 20 minutes (in) doing all my homework.
It took him 2 years to finish making the movie.
= I spent 2 years on the movie.
= He spent 2 years (in) making the movie.
三. 重点句子
1. How do you get to school?
I ride my bike to school.
How do I get there ? 因there是副词,所以不能说get to there
2. How long does it take?
It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus.
3. How long does it take you to ride your bike to school?
It takes me 35 minutes to ride my bike to school.
你需要多长时间到校？步行大约10分钟，乘汽车15分钟。
4. How far is it (from his home to school)?
= How far does he live from school?
It is three miles (from his home to school). 从他家到学校有多远？大约10公里。
5. What do think of the transportation in your town?
= How do you like the transportation in your town?
What do you think of …? 你对…的看法怎样？
= How do you like …? 你认为…怎样？
6. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!
那肯定比坐公车更有趣的多！
表推测：must be 一定、必定、肯定 用于肯定句中
a lot/a bit/a little/much/some/even/still/far….修饰比较级 a little taller
more 是many、much的比较级，表示“更多的”意思。比较级+ than 构成比较级结构。
7. A small number of students take a subway.
a number of = many 许多
8. Don't worry. 别担心。
9. I have a map but in Chinese .
10. When it rains I take a taxi .
11.In North America , not all students take the bus to school .
not all是部分否定，意思是并不是所有的；不是全部的
表部分否定：not 与all, both, many, much, everyone, everything, always等连用，表部分否定。
四．句子结构拓展
○1. It depends on where you are. 取决于你在哪里。
这是一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。
I know.
He comes from Spain.
→ I know he comes from Spain.
I want to know.
Where does he come from?
→ I want to know where he comes from.
○2. In places (where there are rivers and lakes), students usually go to school by boat.
(在有河流和湖泊的)地方，学生通常都坐船去上学。
这是一个定语从句。where there are rivers and lakes 是定语，修饰前面的名词 place.
The girl (who speaks French) is my classmate.
那个（说法语的）女孩是我的同班同学。
若定语从句修饰的名词（先行词）是人物，则用关系代词who连接.
He wants to live in a place (where there are flowers and grass). 他想住在有花有草的地方。
若定语从句修饰的名词（先行词）是地点，则用关系副词 where 连接
○3take/ spend /cost
●take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：
(1) It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
●spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：
(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。
例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。
例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。
例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
●cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：
(1)sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。
例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。
例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
●pay的作“花费”的意思时，常见用法如下：
(1)sb.+ pay for sth. 付……的款
例：He paid ￡5 for the book. 他买这本书花了5英镑。
(2)pay sb.for sth. 为……给某人报酬
例：The boss paid Bob for his work. 老板为他的工作给了Bob报酬。
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