名词性从句精讲 课堂教学实录(人教版英语高一) |
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一、名词性从句的基本概念 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句,包括作主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 1.主语从句 就是在复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引导。如: Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否来还是问题。 That China is a great socialist country is well known. 众所周知,中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。 注:为避免头重脚轻,使句子平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将主语从句后置。如上述第二例常说成: It is well known that China is a great socialist country. 以it作形式主语,把主语从句后置的常用句型有: 1. It + be +形容词+that从句 2. It + be + 名词词组 + that从句 3. It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 4. It + seem, happen, appear等不及物 动词 + that从句 但是,由连接代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。如: What he found surprised me greatly. 他的发现使我非常吃惊。 Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。 2表语从句 就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接词外,还有as if, as though。如: The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 问题是他能否单独做这件事。 It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。 区分以下句式: 1. that’s why+结果;that’s because+原因。 2. The reason why /for…is that… He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席,这是因为他生病了。 He is ill. That’s why he is absent. 他病了,这就是他缺席的原因。 The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。 3宾语从句 就是在复合句中作宾语的从句。引导这宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词基本相同。如: They didn’t say which they wanted. 他们没有说他们想要哪一个。 注意1: 当think, believe, suppose等的疑问式后面跟连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句时,习惯上将这些连接词置于句首,即“连接代/副词+do you think /believe /expect+宾语从句的其余部分? ___________________is the best player this year? 你认为今年谁是最佳球员? ___________________________________________? 你建议派谁去那里工作? 注意2 在动词think, believe, expect, suppose, guess等后带that宾语从句时,若从句是否定句,常将否定词not转移到主句中。 注意3:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。 注意4:如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如: 这种句型的谓语动词有think, make, feel, find, consider. He has made it clear that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished. 4同位语从句 就是在句中作同位语的从句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名词的后面,说明这些词的具体内容或含义。同位语从句大多由that引导,也可由whether, how, when, where, why等引导,但不能由 which引导。如: He must answer the question _______he agrees to it or not. The fact ______ she had not said anything surprised all of us. 有时,同位语从句并不紧跟在它所说明的词的后面。如: The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别是:前者说明名词的内容,后者说明名词的性质特征;前者所用连词that不是从句的一个成分,后者所用关系代词that是从句中的一个成分。 试比较:He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.(__________从句) The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.(___________从句) 二、名词性从句的基本要素 A. 连接词 就是引导名词性从句的关连接词。共有四类: 1. 连词that:只起连接作用,没有任何意思,不作任何句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略。 2. 连词whether:有“是否”之意,但不作句子成分;引导宾语从句时,还可用if。 3. 连接代词:who(m), whose, which, what等均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。 4. 连接副词:when, where, why, how等,有意义,在从句中作状语。 5. whoever, whatever, whichever等也可引导名词性从句,意为“无论/不管……”。 B. 语序 在名词性从句中,从句一律使用陈述语序。 译:我不知道他去哪里了。I don’t know___________________________ C. 时态一致 若主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态;若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,其谓语动词必须用某种过去时态。如: She said that his father____gone to Beijing. 他说他父亲去北京了。 如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理,其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。 The old man said the sun ______ in the east and _______ in the west. 几组易混引导词的区别。 1. What 与 that 在名词性从句中,what和that都可作关连词,其区别在于:what在从句中要而且一定要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语等),因此在任何情况下都不能省略,表示“什么”,所…的事(物、话),相当于the thing that或the thing which。that本身没有词汇意义,在名词从句中不充当任何成分,在口语和非正式文体中,宾语从句中的that经常省略。 (2) _________caused the accident is a complete mystery . (3)_________he has set out to prepare for the coming exams is satisfying. 2. whether与if whether 和 if 引导宾语从句时可以互换使用,但下列情况用whether不用if。 (1) 在whether or not结构中不可用if代替whether I don’t know whether or not he’ll come. (2)介词后面的宾语从句用whether,不用if Everything depends on whether the situation will improve. (3)引导主语从句和表语从句用whether不用if Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing. (4) whether 可用在不定式前,if 则不能. Please tell me whether to go or not. 3. whoever与who You can give the book to _______ wins first place ______is to take Li Ming’s place is being discussed. 4. what 与which There are many books. Can you tell me ____ book you like best? |
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