| 新概念英语第一册备课笔记(下)lesson104-143 |
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Lesson 104 Too, very, enough [词汇]（13） clever adj. 聪明的 stupid adj. 笨的 cheap adj. 便宜的 expensive adj. 贵的 fresh adj. 新鲜的 stale adj. 变馊的 low adj. 低的，矮的 loud adj. 大声的 high adj. 高的 hard adj. 硬的 sweet adj. 甜的 soft adj. 软的 sour adj. 酸的 ★clever adj. 聪明的（主要指学习能力） bright 伶俐 intelligent 智商高 smart 精明 shrewd 洞察力 wise 知识广博，有智慧 talented 聪明的，通过能力获得的才能 gifted 有天赋的 ★stupid adj. 笨的 silly 智力低下；昵称 fool v. 愚弄；n. 傻瓜，笨蛋 April fool’s day 愚人节 ★cheap adj. 便宜的（价格低而且质量也不好） inexpensive adj. 物美价廉 ★expensive adj. 贵的（对于购买者的购买能力而言） costly 奢侈的，是真的豪华的 dear 物以稀为贵 priceless 无价的 Lesson 105 Full of mistakes [词汇]（5） spell v. 拼写 (spelt, spelt) intelligent adj. 聪明的，有智慧的 mistake n. 错误 present n. 礼物 dictionary n. 词典 ★spell v. 拼写 (spelt, spelt) Can you spell your name? I want you to spell your name. How to spell the word? ★mistake n. 错误 mistake 比较一般的错误，认识不足，理解不对 make a mistake I often make a mistake in the exam. She always makes some mistakes in the homework. error 没有按照既定的程序、规定犯的错误 fault 侧重于责任 It's my fault. ★present n.（小）礼物 humble present 区区薄礼 at present 目前 gift 礼物（比较贵重） [语法] 动词不定式 在英语中，当一个动词被另一个动词紧跟时，它们之间必须加不定式符号（to），to是小品词。不定式符号后面的动词只能是原形，而不能是过去式或分词形式。动词不定式可做除了谓语之外的所有句子成分。 结构： ① 不定式作动词的宾语：V+ to V原 ② V+ 名词/宾格代词+ to V原 不定式的否定形式是在to之前加not。 to +名/代/Ving to为介词 [课文] THE BOSS: Where's Sandra, Bob? I want her. BOB: Do you want to speak to her? THE BOSS: Yes, I do. I want her to come to my office. Tell her to come at once. SANDRA: Did you want to see me? THE BOSS: Ah, yes, Sandra. How do you spell "intelligent'? Can you tell me? SANDRA: I-N-T-E-L-L-I-G-E-N-T. THE BOSS: That's right. You've typed it with only one 'L'. This letter's full of mistakes. I want you to type it again. SANDRA: Yes, I'll do that. I'm sorry about that. THE BOSS: And here's a little present for you. THE BOSS: It's a dictionary. I hope it'll help you. [课文主释] How do you spell "intelligent'? How do you spell…? 询问某个单词或某人的姓名如何拼写的常用句型。 Lesson 106 I want you/him/them to [词汇]（3） carry v. 携带 correct v. 改正，纠正 keep v. 保存，保留 ★correct v. 改正，纠正 ① v. 改正；纠正 Please correct me if I’m wrong. I spent the whole morning correcting exam papers. 我花了整个上午的时间批改试卷。 ② v. 校正；矫正 Let me correct my watch first. This pair of glasses will correct your eyesight problem. Lesson 107 It's so small. [词汇]（7） madam n. 夫人，女士 smart adj. 漂亮的 as well 同样 suit v. 适于 pretty adj. 漂亮的 ★suit v. 适于 ① v. 适合；适宜于 This coat suits me. This coat doesn’t suit me at all. One o’clock? That does not suit me. 一点钟？那个时间对我来说不合适。 ② v. 相称，相当 He would not be suit to the job. Blue suits her. 蓝色与她相配。 ★as well 同样 as well=too 多用于口语，一般用于肯定句中 I can do it as well. [语法] 形容词的比较级和最高级 1、形容词的比较级和最高级规则： ① 一般的形容词后面直接加er或est ② 以e结尾的形容词后面直接加r或st ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变i，后面加er或est ④ 以短元音加辅音结尾的形容词，双写辅音，后面加er或est ⑤ 少数形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的 ⑥ 多音节形容词 较高比较级：more，the most 较低比较级：less，the least 判断音节：如果音标中有一个元音就是单音节；有两个元音就是双音节；有多于两个元音就是多音节。 2、形容词的比较级和最高级的用法 比较级只用于两者之间，通常与than连用。形容词比较级之所指如果很清楚，也可以独立存在；最高级用于三者或三者以上。形容词的最高级在使用时必须加定冠词，并常伴有一个表示范围的介词短语或从句。 long——longer（than）——longest（be+ the longest+ 表示范围的短语或从句） This is the longest river I have ever seen. 大多数两个以上音节的形容词可与more/less连用构成其比较级形式，与most/least连用构成其最高级形式。 This model’s less expensive than that one. The other model’s more expensive. [课文] ASSISTANT: Do you like this dress, madam? LADY: I like the colour very much. It's lovely dress, but it's too small for me. ASSISTANT: What about this one? It's lovely dress. It's very smart. Short skirts are in fashion now. Would you like to try it? LADY: All right. I'm afraid this green dress it too small for me as well. It's smaller than the blue one. I don't like the colour either. It doesn't suit me at all. I think the blue dress is prettier. LADY: Could you show me another blue dress? I want a dress like that one, but it must be my size. ASSISTANT: I'm afraid I haven't got a larger dress. This is the largest dress in the shop. [课文注释] 1、Short skirts are in fashion now. be in fashion 时髦，流行 2、Would you like to try it? Would you like…? 你愿意……吗？（用于表示委婉的请求或提议） would like sth. I would like some apples. Would you like some apples? would like to do sth. I would like to have some apples. Would you like to have some apples? Could you …?用在表示请求，比Can you…?更委婉。 Could you tell me the way to the post office? Lesson 108 How do they compare? ★compare v. 比较，对照 The article compares the different features of imported cars on the market. 这篇文章比较了市场上进口汽车的不同特点。 Compare to our little garden, his garden seemed like a park. Lesson 109 A good idea [词汇]（8） idea n. 主意 a little 少许 teaspoonful n. 一满茶匙的 less adj. 较少的，更少的 a few 几个 pity n. 遗憾 instead adv. 代替 advice n. 建议，忠告 idea 含义较广，主意，想法，各种看法 I have a good idea. opinion 对某事具体的看法、观点、想法 in one's opinion 在我看来 thought 成系统的思想 view 侧重个人意见 viewpoint 观察视点 ★a little 少许 ★a few 几个 a little 修饰不可数名词，表示肯定含义；little 修饰不可数名词，表示否定含义 I have a little milk. I have little milk. a few 修饰可数名词，表示肯定含义；few 修饰可数名词，表示否定含义 She has a few friends. 可数名词的多与少，用many与few来表达；不可数名词的多与少，则用much与little来表达。 ★instead adv. 代替 ① adv. 作为替代 I’m tired and can’t attend the meeting; you could go instead. She did not want to go to the university. Instead, she decided to become a singer. ② adv. 代替，而不是(of) She wanted to have milk instead of juice. She prefers buying books instead of borrowing them from the library. 她宁可买书而不愿到图书馆去借。 ★advice n. 建议，忠告（不可数名词）；v. 建议 a piece of advice 一条建议 take one's advice 听众某人的建议 You'd better take my advice next time. follow one's advice 采纳某人的建议 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 I advice you to stop smoking. ★smoke v. 抽烟 ① v. 抽（纸烟、烟斗等） He smokes cigars. 他抽雪茄。 ② v. 冒烟；冒雾气 She could see a chimney smoking in the nearby village. 她可以看到附近村子里的烟囱在冒烟。 ③ v. 熏制（鱼肉等） Do you know how to smoke hams? 你知道如何熏制火腿吗？ [课文] CHARLOTTE: Shall I make some coffee, Jane? JANE: That's a good idea, Charlotte. CHARLOTTE: It's ready. Do you want any milk? JANE: Just a little, please. CHARLOTTE: What about some sugar? Two teaspoonfuls? JANE: No, less than that. One and a half teaspoonfuls, please. That's enough for me. JANE: That was very nice. CHARLOTTE: Would you like some more? JANE: Yes, please. I'd like a cigarette, too. May I have one? CHARLOTTE: Of course. I think there are a few in that box. JANE: I'm afraid it's empty. CHARLOTTE: What a pity! JANE: It doesn't matter. CHARLOTTE: Have a biscuit instead. Eat more and smoke less! JANE: That's very good advice! [课文注释] 1、Shall I make some coffee, Jane? make some coffee 煮咖啡 I will make some coffee for you. Shall I(we) do something? Shall we stay at home? 2、One and a half teaspoonfuls, please. 在英语中，比1大的东西，即使比2小，也需要用复数表示。 3、It doesn’t matter. 没关系。 4、What a pity! 真遗憾。 英语中常用“What a+可数名词”和“What +不可数名词”的结构来表示感叹。 5、I’ve ever seen. 我所见过的。 Lesson 110 How do they compare? [词汇]（5） most adj. 最多的（many, much的最高级） least adj. 最小的，最少的（little的最高级） best adj. 最好的（good的最高级） worse adj. 更坏的（bad的比较级） worst adj. 最坏的（bad的最高级） Lesson 111 The most expensive model [词汇]（6） model n. 型号，式样 afford v. 付得起 deposit n. 预付定金 instalment n. 分期付款 price n. 价格 millionaire n. 百万富翁 ★afford v. 付得起（钱）；腾出时间 ① v. 买得起；付得起（钱） I like this model, but I can’t afford it. We are not rich enough to afford a car. ② v. 担负得起（时间等） I feel I can’t afford any more time on this project. We can’t afford such enormous fees. 我们无法负担如此巨额的费用。 Can you afford two days for me? 你能够为我腾两天时间吗? ★deposit n. 预付定金 ① n. 预付定金；押金；保证金 He put down a deposit on the house yesterday. 昨天他付了房子的定金。 pay a deposite of 付……钱定金 You must pay deposit of 100 and then 20 a month for three years. You’ll have to pay a deposit of $60 to reserve the room. 要预定这个房间，你需交付60美金的押金。 ② v. 存放；存储 We were advised to deposit our valuables in the bank safe. 别人建议我们将自己的贵重物品存放在银行的保险箱里。 ③ v. 付（保证金）；预付（定金） I deposited $1500 on a new car. ★instalment n. 分期付款 buy sth. on instalments 分期付款买…… I want to buy a house on instalments this year. ★price n. 价格 price 物体或人内在的价值 a good price 物美价廉 standard market price 标准的市场价 priceless adj. 无价的，极贵重的 value 根据用途来判断的价值 worth 物质的真正价值 [语法] 形容词的平级比较级： 形容词的比较形式有三种：较高比较级（more expensive，the most expensive）；较低比较级（less expensive，the least expensive）；平级比较级（as expensive as）。 as…as 像……一样 The green apple is as sweet as the red one. not as…as（not so…as）不像……一样，可以用来进行比较，意思是放在前面的人或物在程度上低于后面的人或物。 I don’t know as many people as you do. It’s not as good as the expensive one 它不如那种价格高的好 [课文] MR. FRITH: I like television very much. How much does it cost? ASSISTANT: It's the most expensive model in the shop. It costs five hundred pounds. MR. FRITH: That's too expensive for us. We can't afford all that money. ASSISTANT: This model's less expensive than that one. It's only three hundred pounds. But, of course, it's not as good as the expensive one. MR. FRITH: I don't like the model. The other model's more expensive, but it's worth the money. MR. FRITH: Can we buy it on instalments? ASSISTANT: Of course. You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds, and then fourteen pounds a month for three years. MR. FRITH: Do you like it, dear? MRS. FRITH: I certainly do, but I don't like the price. You always want the best, but we can't afford it. Sometimes you think you're a millionaire! MR. FRITH: Millionaires don't buy things on instalments! Lesson 113 Small change [词汇] conductor n. 售票员 fare n. 车费，车票 change v. 兑换 note n. 纸币 passenger n. 乘客 none pron. 没有任何东西 neither adv. 也不 get off 下车 tramp n. 流浪汉 except prep. 除…外 ★change v. 兑换 ① v. 兑换 I want to change the pounds into dollars. Could you change me a one-pound note, please? 能否请你换一镑的零钱给我？ ② v. 改变；更改 He changed his mind at last. This plan is to change the desert into farmland. 这个计划是要将沙漠变为农田。 ③ v. 交换；改换 Shall we change our seats? You’ve got to change your bus at the next stop. 你得在下一站换车。 ★none pron. 没有任何东西 none代词，可与可数名词连用，也可与不可数名词连用。 None of our passengers can change this note. none在句中通常单独使用： I bought none. 我没买什么东西。 no形容词，在句中一般修饰别的名词 no= not…any not否定副词 I have got some envelops. I haven’t got any envelops. I have got no envelops. I have got none. ★except prep. 除……外（不包括） The shop is open everyday expect Sunday. I like him except when he’s gloomy. 除了他满脸阴沉的时候之外，我挺喜欢他。 besides prep. 除……之外（包括） There are three girls besides two doys. [语法] so与neither引导的简短回答 以so或neither开头的简短回答，必须用倒装形式。 肯定句：So+助动词+主语 They can swim. So can I. 否定句：Neither+助动词+主语 I can’t help you. Neither can they. 假如前一句是肯定的，后一句就用so开头；如前一句是否定的，后一句则用neither/nor开头。前后两句的时态要一致。 [课文] CONDUCTOR: Fares, please! MAN: Trafalgar Square, please. CONDUCTOR: I'm sorry, sir. I can't change a ten-pound note. CONDUCTOR: Haven't you got any small change? MAN: I've got no small change, I am afraid. CONDUCTOR: I'll ask some of the passengers. Have you any small change, sir? 1st PASSENGER: I'm sorry. I've got none. 2nd PASSENGER: I haven't got any either. CONDUCTOR: Can you change this ten-pound note, madam? 3rd PASSENGER: I'm afraid I can't. 4th PASSENGER: Neither can I. CONDUCTOR: I'm very sorry, sir. You must get off the bus. None of our passengers can change this note. They're all millionaires! TWO TRAMPS: Except us. 1sth TRAMP: I've got some small change. 2nd TRAMP: So have I. Lesson 115 Knock, Knock! [词汇]（10） anyone pron. 任何人 knock v. 敲，打 everything pron. 一切事物 quiet adj. 宁静的，安静的 impossible adj. 不可能的 invite v. 邀请 anything pron. 任何东西 nothing pron. 什么也没有 lemonade n. 柠檬水 joke v. 开玩笑 ★impossible adj. 不可能的 It’s impossible. That’s impossible. 那是不可能的。 It is possible for sb. to do sth. It is possible for me to pass this exam. It is impossible for sb. to do sth. ★invite v. 邀请 ① v. 邀请 We’re inviting our colleagues to the party. 我们将邀请我们的同事参加这个聚会。 I hate people who invite themselves. 我讨厌不请自来的客人。 ② v. 请求；要求 We invite readers’ letters for this magazine. 本杂志欢迎读者来信。 The speaker paused, seeming to invite questions from the audience. 演讲者稍停了一下，似乎在期待听众们提出问题。 ★joke v. 开玩笑 ① v. 开玩笑 She is only joking with you. ② v. 取笑 Aren’t you joking me? ③ n. 玩笑；笑话 Don’t get angry-it was only a joke! The whole thing was a complete joke. [课文] HELEN: Isn't there anyone at home? JIM: I'll knock again, Helen. Everything's very quiet. I'm sure there's no one at home. HELEN: But that's impossible. Carol and Tom invited us to lunch. Look through the window. HELEN: Can you see anything? JIM: Nothing at all. HELEN: Let's try the back door. JIM: Look! Everyone's in the garden. CAROL: Hello, Helen. Hello, Jim. TOM: Everybody wants to have lunch in the garden. It's nice and warm out here. CAROL: Come and have something to drink. JIM: Thanks, Carol. May I have a glass of beer please? CAROL: Beer? There's none left. You can have some lemonade. JIM: Lemonade! TOM: Don't believe her, Jim. She's only joking. Have some beer! [课文注释] 1、Look through the window. see through 看透 I have seen through you. 我已经看透你了。 2、There’s none left. 句中的left是leave的过去分词，表示“剩下的、没用完的”，它还常位于不定代词之后，出现在there is/are结构中。 There is nothing left in the refrigerator. Lesson 116 Every, no, any and some [词汇]（2） asleep adj. 睡觉，睡着（用作表语） glasses n. 眼镜 every 每一个 everyone 每一个人 everybody 每一个人（多用于口语中） everything 每件事情 everywhere 到处，每个地方 none 没有 no one 没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing 没什么事情 nowhere 不在任何地方 any 任何 anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anything 任何事情 anywhere 任何地方 [any-用于疑问句与否定句中] some 一些 someone 某人 somebody 某人 something 某件事情 somewhere 某个地方 [语法] 不定代词 1、不定代词的用法 Every（每一），no（无），any（若干）及some（一些）可与one，thing构成复合代词与where构成复合副词。 ① 作主语：不定代词作主语都作单数看待，谓语动词一般用单数 Someone is knocking at the door. Nobody is absent. Something is wrong with my watch. Everything is all right. ② 作宾语 I know nothing about it. I didn't see anyone in the garden. She didn't talk to anyone at the party. She talked to nobody at the party. ③ 作表语 He is somebody（重要人物） in the company. I am nobody（小人物，什么也不是）. But I have a dream. That’s nothing. 那没什么。 2、和some，any的用法一样，somebody/someone/something/somewhere一般用于肯定句；anybody/anyone/anything/anywhere用于疑问句与否定句；nothing/nobody/no one/nowhere相当于not anything/not anybody/not anyone/not anywhere。 I went nowhere. 3、一般情况下，形容词修饰名词时，通常形容词放在名词前面，形容词修饰不定代词时，通常形容词放在不定代词之后。 a beautiful bird something good 动词不定式（to+v.）可作定语，修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词后。 something to eat Lesson 117 Tommy's breakfast [词汇]（6） dinning room(hall) 饭厅 coin n. 硬币 mouth n. 嘴 swallow v. 吞下 later adv. 后来 toilet n. 厕所，盥洗室 ★swallow v. 吞下 ① v. 吞下，咽下 Tommy had swallowed the coins. ② v. 抑制，使不流露 I tried hard to swallow my doubts. 我强忍着不露出怀疑的神色。 She swallowed a smile and sat there still. 她忍住没笑，静静地坐在那里。 ③ v. 吞并；侵吞 Our company was swallowed up by an American company last year. 我们公司去年被一家美国公司吞并了。 Nazi Germany nearly swallowed up the whole Europe in World War II. 第二次世界大战中，纳粹德国几乎吞并了整个欧洲。 [语法] 过去进行时 概念: 1、在过去某个特定的时间正在进行或发生的动作。 2、当过去的一个动作发生的时候另外一个动作正在进行。 结构： 主语+ was（were）+ doing S+ wasn’t（weren’t) +Ving Was（Were） +S +Ving? I was reading a book at 7 o’clock yesterday. I wasn’t reading a book at 7 o’clock yesterday. Were you reading a book at 7 o’clock yesterday? What were you doing at 7 o’clock yesterday? 连接时间状语从句的词：when 当……的时候；while 当……的时候（强调两个动作的同时进行） when和while大多数情况下可互换，当强调两个动作的同时进行和发生，只能用while。 just as 正当…… 时间状语从句主句放前面，用连接词连接，时间状语从句放前面时，要用逗号隔开。 I was reading a book while my wife was working in the garden at two o’clock yesterday afternoon. While my wife was working in the garden at two o’clock yesterday afternoon, I was reading a book. [课文] When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor. There were coins everywhere. We looked for them, but we could not find them all. While we were having breakfast, our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor. He put them both into his mouth. We both tried to get the coins, but it was too late. Tommy had already swallowed them! Late that morning, when I was doing the housework, My husband phoned me from the office. 'How's Tommy?' he asked. 'I don't know,' I answered, 'Tommy's been to the toilet three times this morning, but I haven't had any change yet!' [课文注释] 1、He put them both into his mouth. both是them的民位语。 2、Late that morning, when I was doing the housework, My husband phoned me from the office. late that morning 那天上午的晚些时候 Lesson 118 What were you doing? [词汇]（1） ring v. 响 ★ring v. 打电话；按铃 ① v. 鸣响；发出清脆的响声 Yesterday morning, my alarm clock didn’t ring at 7 o’clock as usual. When I was opening the from door, the telephone rang. ② v. 打电话；按铃 You said you were going to ring me last night, but you didn’t. Somebody is ringing the doorbell. Lesson 119 A true story [词汇]（8） story n. 故事 happen v. 发生 thief n. 贼 enter v. 进入 dark adj. 黑暗的 torch n. 手电筒 voice n. （说话的）声音 parrot n. 鹦鹉 ★story n. 故事（两个清辅音连在一起时，第二个音要浊化） story 一般性的故事，可以真实的也可以是虚构的，完整的故事 make up a story 偏造一个故事 makeup 化妆品 fable 寓言故事 legend 传奇故事 tale 神州故事，童话 ★happen v. 发生 ① v. 发生 What happened? What’s happening? It happen to sb. 发生在……身上 It happened to a friend of mine last year. A strange thing happened to a friend of mine a year ago. How did the accident happen? ② v. 碰巧，恰好（to） 人+happen to do sth. 碰巧 I happen to know that professor. I happened to meet her on my way home. ★enter v. 进入 ① v. 进入；穿入 The bullet entered his heart. 子弹射入了他的必脏。 ② v. 参加；加入 Four students from our university entered the final contest. 我们大学的四名学生进入了竞赛的决赛。 He entered politics when he was 27. 他在27岁时步入了政界。 ★dark adj. 黑暗的 in the dark 黑暗中，秘密的，特别无助 ★voice n. （说话的）声音 voice 嗓音，人发出的声音 sound 声音 the sound of music 音乐之声 noise 噪音 [语法] 过去完成时 概念：在过去某一特定的时间之前，动作已经结束或完成；过去的两个动作进行比较时，发生在之前的那个动作应该用过去完成时。 结构：S+ had 动词过去分词 （+by the end of到……为止） 常与现在完成时连用的副词：already（已经），ever（曾经），for+表示时间段的词，just（刚刚），never（从未）。 I had seen 50 films by the end of last week. I bought a new car last year after I had sold my old one. [课文] Do you like stories? I want to tell you a true story. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago. While my friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves climbed into his kitchen. After they had entered the house, they went into the dining room. It was very dark, so they turned on a torch. Suddenly, they heard a voice behind them. "What's up? What's up?" someone called. The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could. George heard the noise and came downstairs quickly. He turned on the light, but he couldn't see anyone. The thieves had already gone. But George's parrot, Henry, was still there. "What's up, George?" the called. 'Nothing, Henry,' George said and smiled. 'Go back to sleep.' [课文注释] 1、It happened to a friend of mine a year ago. a friend of mine 我的朋友之一（双重所有格） one of my friends 我的一个朋友 2、What's up? 干什么？有什么事？ Lesson 120 It had already happened. [词汇]（1） Exercise book n. 练习本 Lesson 121 The man in a hat [词汇]（6） customer n. 顾客 forget v. 忘记 manager n. 经理 serve v. 照应，服务，接待 counter n. 柜台 recognize v. 认出 ★forget v. 忘记 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 I have forgotten to bring my book. forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事 I will never forget finding that rare coin in my garden. ★serve v. 照应，服务，接待 ① v. 服务；接待；侍候 Are you being served, sir? 先生，有人为您服务吗？ ② v. 供应；摆出（食物或饮料等） What time is breakfast served in this hotel? 这个饭店里什么时候供应早餐？ ③ v. 为……服务/服役；任职 The old cook has served the family for 30 years. 这位老厨师已为这家干了30年了。 He began to serve in the Navy in 1960. 他从1960年起开始在海军服役。 ★recognize v. 认出 ① v. 认出；认识 Can you recognize this tune? 你能听出这支曲调吗？ ② v. 承认；确认 I recognize that he is more capable than I am. 我承认他比我更有能力。 They recognized Richard as his lawful heir. 他们确认理查德为他的合法继承人。 Are british medical qualifications recognized in other European courntries? 英国的医生执照在欧洲其他国家能否得到承认？ [语法] 定语从句 定语从句像形容词一样起修饰作用,但位于所修饰的名词之后。定语从句由关系代词引导，紧跟在它所修饰的成分后面。关系代词who，whom与that修饰人，which与that修饰东西。关系代词指代从句的主语或宾语，同时又充当连接词，把从句和主句连接起来。 1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that ①（先行词）人 + who/that + 动词（作主语） The man who has white hair is Mr.White. ②（先行词）人+whose + 名词 + 动词（作定语） I have a friend whose father is a teacher. ③（先行词）人+ who/whom/that + 及物动词/不及物动词 + 介词（做宾语） The man we met is my uncle. ④（先行词）物 + which/that + 动词（作主语） which是指人以外的生命或没有生命的东西 This is the bird which always sings at night. ⑤（先行词）物+which/that + 主语 + 及物动词（作宾语） This is the letter I received yesterday. 2、定语从句中的省略 ① 当关系代词代表主语并且从句中的谓语动词是（现在）进行时时态时，关系代词及助动词be均可省略 ② 如果关系代词在从句中作动词或介词的宾语，关系代词往往可以省略。定语从句可用介词结尾。 ③ 如果关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提前了，介词后的关系代词只能加whom（人）/which（物），不能用that。 The woman standing behind the counter served me. That’s the ship we traveled on. That’s the man I told you about. [课文] CUSTOMER: I bought two expensive dictionaries here half an hour ago, but I forgot take them with me. MANAGER: Who served you, sir? CUSTOMER: The lady who is standing behind the counter. MANAGER: Which books did you buy? CUSTOMER: The books which are on the counter. MANAGER: Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago, Caroline? He says he's the man who bought these books. CUSTOMER: I can't remember. The man who I served was wearing a hat. MANAGER: Have you got a hat, sir? CUSTOMER: Yes, I have. MANAGER: Would you put it on, please? CUSTOMER: All right. MANAGER: Is this the man that you served, Caroline? CUSTOMER: Yes. I recognize him now. [课文注释] 1、Why didn’t Caroline recognize the customer straight away? 为什么卡罗琳没有马上认出那位顾客？ 2、The man who I served was wearing a hat. 此句为定语从句，由于被修饰的名词the man在定语从句中是动词served的宾语，因此，关系代词应该用宾语whom，但口语中往往用who。 Lesson 122 Who(whom),which and that [词汇] road n. 路 Lesson 123 A trip to Australia [词汇] during prep. 在…期间 trip n. 旅行 travel v. 旅行 offer v. 提供 job n. 工作 guess v. 猜 grow(grew/grown) v. 长，让…生长 beard n.（下巴上的）胡子，络腮胡子 ★travel v. 旅行 ① v. 旅行；游历 He said that if he had a lot of money he would travel around the world. ② v. 行进；（被）传送 Light travels faster than sound at the speed of 300,000 kilometres per second. The news didn’t travel as fast as we had expected. 这消息传播得不如我们所预料得那样快。 ★offer v. 提供 ① v.（主动）给予；提供 He is offered a job in Canada. 有人提供给他一份在加拿大的工作。 We offered some coffee to the guests. 我们为客人们提供了咖啡。 ② v. 提出；出（价） Do you have any good suggestions to offer? 你能否提供一些好的建议？ I’ll offer you 30,000 for the house. ③ v.（主动）表示愿意，提议 He offered to help me with my research paper. 他表示愿意帮助我一起做我的研究论文。 ‘I could lend you some books,’ Jane offered. “我可以借你一些书，”简自告奋勇地提议。 ★grow(grew/grown) v. 长，让…生长 ① v. 生长；成长 His hair has grown to long. The trees have grown rapidly. ② v. 使生长；留（须发） We grew a lot of roses in our garden. gorw a beard 留胡子 He grew a beard during the trip. [语法] 感叹句 What + n. +形容词 + S + v.! What a beautiful ship it is! How + adj.+S +v.! How beautiful the ship is! [课文] MIKE: Look, Scott. This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia. SCOTT: Let me see it, Mike. This is a good photograph. Who are these people? MIKE: They're people I met during the trip. That's the ship we travelled on. SCOTT: What a beautiful ship! Who's this? MIKE: That's the man I told you about. Remember? SCOTT: Ah yes. The one who offered you a job in Australia. MIKE: That's right. SCOTT: Who's this? MIKE: Guess! SCOTT: It's not you, is it? MIKE: That's right. I grew a beard during the trip, but I shaved it off when I came home. SCOTT: Why did you shave it off? MIKE: My wife didn't like it! [课文注释] Why did you shave it off? shave it off 把胡子刮掉 Lesson 124 (who/whom),(which) and (that) [词汇]（1） kitten n. 小猫 Lesson 125 Tea for two [词汇]（6） water v. 浇水 terribly adv. 非常 dry adj. 干燥的，干的 nuisance n. 讨厌的东西或人 mean(meant/meant) v. 意味着，意思是 surprise n. 惊奇，意外的事 ★water v. 浇水 ① v. 浇（洒）水；供水；喂水 The garden is very dry, I’m going to water it tomorrow morning. Tim is watering his lovely little dog. 蒂姆正在给他那只可爱的小狗喂水。 ② v. 充满水；充满泪水；流口水 He felt sad and his eyes watered a little. 他感到难过，眼睛有点儿湿润了。 Ice cream always makes his mouth water. 冰淇淋总能让他馋得淌口水。 ③ v. 搀水冲淡；加水稀释 Someone had been watering the milk. 有人往牛奶里搀了水。 He always waters drinks and sells them to tourists. 他总是在饮料里搀水并将之卖给游客们。 ④ n. 水 ★nuisance n. 讨厌的东西或人 It’s terribly dry. What a nuisance! ★mean(meant/meant) v. 意味着，意思是 ① v. 意味着，即 It’s raining! That means you don’t need to water the garden. It means that… 那就意味着…… ② v.（词语）表示……意思 The green light means ‘Go on’. 绿灯的意思是“继续向前”。 What does…mean? 意思是什么？ What does ‘perfume’mean in English? ③ v. 意指；意欲 What I mean is that we’ll have to go back and look for it. 我的意思是：我们必须回去寻找它。 He didn’t mean to hurt you. 他的本意并不是想伤害你。 meaning n. 意思，意义 What’s your meaning? 你是什么意思？ [语法] must, have to和needn’t must, have to和needn’t三个词都表示必要性。Must是情态动词，而have to是普通动词，二者在肯定句中一般可互换，表示不可逃避的义务或责任。Must更带有说话人的主观色彩，而have to则更强调客观要求和外界影响。must一般只能表达现在的必要性，而have to则可以表达过去或将来的必要性。 I had to stop smoking because it was forbidden in my company. 如果用must来提问，则只能用其needn’t来表达否定的回答。needn’t还可以理解为have to的否定的回答。needn’t（don’t need to）和don’t have to都表示不必要；而mustn’t却表示绝对禁止，在说话人看来根本没有选择余地。 [课文] SUSAN: Can't you come in and have tea now, Peter? PETER: Not yet. I must water the garden first. SUSAN: Do you have to water it now? PETER: I'm afraid I must. Look at it! It's terribly dry. SUSAN: What a nuisance! PETER: Last summer it was very dry, too. Don't you remember? I had to water it every day. SUSAN: Well, I'll have tea by myself. That was quick! Have you finished already? PETER: Yes. Look out of the window. SUSAN: It's raining! That means you don't need to water the garden. PERTR: That was a pleasant surprise. It means I can have tea, instead. [课文注释] Well, I'll have tea by myself. by myself 我自己，独自 Lesson 126 Have to and do not need to [词汇]（1） immediately adv. 立即地 Lesson 127 A famous actress [词汇]（5） famous adj. 著名的 actress n. 女演员 at least 至少 actor n. 男演员 read (read/read) v. 通过阅读得知 ★famous adj. 著名的 ① adj. 著名的；出名的 She’s a very famous actress. be famous for 以……而出名 She is famous for her beauty. be famous as 作为……而出名 He is famous as a writer. fame n. 名誉，名声 ② adj.（口）第一流的；极好的 To my surprise, he had a famous appetite. 让我感到惊讶的是，他有着极好的胃口。 This is famous weather for a stroll. 这是散步最理想的天气。 ★at least 至少 ① 至少 This antique vase is worth at least 20,000. 这只古花瓶至少价值两万英镑。 At least, you should consider our suggestions. 至少你应该考虑一下我们的建议。 ② 反正；无论如何；不管怎样 He has no plans to go abroad yet, at least as far as I know. 他尚未有出国的计划，至少据我所知是这样的。 That party wasn’t exciting at all, but at least it filled the time. 那个聚会一点儿都不令人兴奋，但不管怎样，它使人打发了那段时光。 [语法] 表示猜测和推断的情态助动词must和can’t 表示有客观事实作为依据的推测和判断的最常用形式是must和can’t。它们一般与系动词be连用。肯定的推断用must be来表示，否定的推断用can’t be来表示，而不用mustn’t。 He can’t be a doctor. He must be a dentist. 他肯定不是一个医生。他肯定是个牙医。 表示对现在的猜测和推断： He can’t be shaving. He must be having a bath. 他不可能在剃胡子。他一定是在洗澡。 表示对过去的猜测和推断，用must have been表示肯定的推断，用can’t have been来表示否定的推断，如后面跟进行时则表示对过去正在进行的动作的猜测。 She can’t have been 29. She must have been 36. 她那时肯定不会是29岁，她一定36岁了。 He can’t have been reading. He must have been sleeping. 他那时肯定不是在看书，他准是在睡觉。 [课文] KATE: Can you recognize that woman, Liz? LIZ: I think I can, Kate. It must be Karen Marsh, the actress. KATE: I though so. Who's that beside her? LIZ: That must be Conrad Reeves. KATE: Conrad Reeves, the actor? It's can't be. Let me have another look. I think you're right! Isn't he her third husband? LIZ: No. He must be her fourth or fifth. KATE: Doesn't Karen Marsh look old! LIZ: She does, doesn't she! I read she's twenty-nine, but she must be at least forty. KATE: I'm sure she is. LIZ: She was a famous actress when I was still at school. KATE: That was a long time ago, wasn't it? LIZ: Not that long ago! I'm not more than twenty-nine myself. [课文注释] 1、I thought so. so是代词，意为“这样”、“如此”。I think so.的否定句为I don’t think so. I hope so. 我希望如此。 I expect so. 我期待如此。 I told you so. 我这么告诉过你的。 2、I’m not more than twenty-nine myself. 其中not more than是“不超过”、“不到”的意思。 Lesson 129 Seventy miles an hour [词汇]（10） wave v. 招手 track n. 跑道 mile n. 英里 overtake (overtook/overtaken) v. 从后面超越，超车 speed limit 限速 dream v. 做梦，思想不集中 sign n. 标记，牌子 driving licence 驾驶执照 charge v. 罚款 darling n. 亲爱的（用作表示称呼） ★wave v. 招手 ① v. 招手；挥手示意 He waved us quiet. 他挥手要我们别出声。 wave to sb. 平等的挥手，仅仅表示一个方向 wave at sb. 朝某人 wave sb. goodbye She waved me goodbye. 她向我挥手告别。 ② v. 起伏；飘动 The flag is waving in the wind. 旗帜正在风中飘扬。 She was attracted by the waving sea. 她被那汹涌起伏的大海吸引。 ③ n. 波 含有at的词组往往都有不礼貌的成分 shout at 朝某人喊 point at 指着某人 laugh at 嘲笑 ★dream v. 做梦，思想不集中 ① v. 做梦；梦见 He dreamt about his grandmother last night. 他昨天夜里梦见他的祖母了。 Do you often dream at night? 你晚上经常做梦吗？ ② v. 梦想；幻想 She dreamed that one day she would be as free as a bird. 她幻想着有一天自己能像鸟儿那般自由。 I once dreamed of becoming a famous doctor. 我曾一度梦想着成为一位著名的医生。 ③ v. 出神；心不在焉；空想 Don’t dream away your life! 不要在想入非非中虚度你的人生。 Sorry, I didn’t see the sign .I must have been dreaming. 对不起，我没看见那牌子。我一定是思想开小差了。 ④ n. 梦 ★charge v. 罚款 ① v. 罚款；使承受经济负担 He was charged by the policeman for speeding. 他因开车超速而被警察罚款。 ② v. 要（价）；收（费） The hotel charged them ￥900 for one night. 饭店向他们索要900元作为住一晚的费用。 ③ v. 指挥；指责 They charged him with murder. 他们指挥他犯了谋杀罪。 [课文] ANN: Look, Gary! That policeman's waving to you. He wants you to stop. POLICEMAN: Where do you think you are? On a race track? You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour. GARY: I can't have been. POLICEMAN: I was doing eighty when I overtook you. Didn't you see the speed limit? GARY: I'm afraid I didn't, officer. GARY: I must have been dreaming. ANN: He wasn't dreaming, officer. I was telling him to drive slowly. GARY: That's why I didn't see the sign. POLICEMAN: Let me see your driving licence. I won't charge you this time. But you'd better not do it again! GARY: Thank you. I'll certainly be more careful. ANN: I told you to drive slowly, Gary. GARY: You always tell me to drive slowly, darling. ANN: Well, next time you'd better take my advice! [课文注释] 1、Where do you think you are? do you think是用在特殊疑问句中的插入语，用来征询见解或表达看法。 入语一般是对句子加一些附加解释，在句子中作独立成分。常用来作插入语的结构有I hope，I think，I’m afrad，you know等。插入语可位于句尾或句中，有时也可出现在疑问句。 2、That's why I didn't see the sign. 以why引导的从句用来解释事情的原因。 3、Well, next time you'd better take my advice! had better用于建议在将来某一具体场合采取的动作，而不用于一般情况，比should语气更为强烈，常有威胁、告诫或催促的意味。 Take on’e advice 听从劝告 Lesson 131 Don't be so sure! [词汇]（3） Egypt n. 埃及 abroad adv. 国外 worry v. 担忧 ★worry v. 担忧 ① v. 担忧；发愁 Mum always worries too much and it makes her tired. 妈妈总是过度忧虑，而这使她疲惫。 She’s worried that she might lose her job soon. 她担心也许很快她就会丢掉她现在的工作。 worry about 担心 worry too much 顾虑重重 ② v. 困扰；使不安宁 Doesn’t it worry you that his health is becoming worse? 他的身体越来越差，你不担心吗？ She is always worrying him for presents. 她总是缠着他要礼物。 ★look after ① 照料，照顾，照管 Who’s going to look after the garden when we are away? 我们离开时谁来照料花园呢？ Sally will help us to look after the children tomorrow. 萨莉明天会帮我们照看孩子们的。 ② 注意；关心 Don’t worry about me—I can look after myself. 别担心——我会照顾她自己的。 The doctor advised him to look after his health. 医生建议他他要注意自己的健康。 [语法] 情态助动词may表示可能性 may和might都表示“可能、也许”,might所表示的可能性要比may小，且当情况是虚拟时只能用might而不能用may。 may表示现在或将来的可能性：may+动词原形 The bread may be fresh. He may be reading. may也可表示过去的可能性：may have (done) He was late. He may have been busy. I went out last night, and she may have been reading. [课文] MARTIN: Where are you going to spend your holidays this year, Gary? GARY: We may go abroad. I'm not sure. My wife wants go to Egypt. I'd like to there, too. We can't make up our minds. MARTIN: Will you travel by sea or air? GARY: We may travel by sea. MARTIN: It's cheaper, isn't it? GARY: It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time. MARTIN: I'm sure you'll enjoy yourselves. GART: Don't be so sure. We might not go anywhere. My wife always worries too much. Who's going to look after the dog? Who's going to look after the house? GART: Who's going to look after the garden? We have this problem every year. In the end, we stay at home and look after everything! [课文注释] 1、We can't make up our minds. make up one’s mind是表示下定决心的一处固定用法。 2、Will you travel by sea or by air? by sea 乘船，by air 乘飞机 3、It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time. take a long time 花很长时间 Lesson 133 Sensational news! [词汇]（3） reporter n. 记者 sensational adj. 爆炸性的，耸人听闻的 mink coat n. 貂皮大衣 ★sensational adj. 爆炸性的，耸人听闻的 ① v. 令人兴奋的；轰动性的 The discovery was sensational. 那个发现引起了轰动。 ② v. (贬)耸人听闻的；企图追求轰动效应的 The sensational news report didn’t have much effect on them. 那起耸人听闻的新闻报导对他们并无多大影响。 ③ v. (口)非常好；给人深刻印象的 She looks sensational in that dress! 她穿那条裙子的样子真令人难忘！ ★wonder v. 感到好奇 ① v. 感到好奇；想要知道 I wonder why he hasn’t come. 我很想知道他为什么没来。 I was wondering if I could borrow your bicycle. I wonder why. 我想知道为什么。 我在想是否能借用你的自行车。 ② v. 感到惊讶（或诧异） She wonders at his rudeness. 她对他的无礼感到惊讶。 I shouldn’t wonder if she is elected. 如果她当选，我不会感到惊奇。 [语法] 需改变时态的间接陈述句 间接引语从句的时态要和主句保持一致，主句用过去式时，除述时从句的时态通常要“往回移”，一般规则是：现在时变为过去时，过去时变为过去完成时。为过去时或条件时态的情态动词和过去完成时在转述时不变，因为不可能再往回移了。 She said (that) she could see me the next day. 情态助动词的变化：may—might，can—could，will—would，won’t—wouldn’t，going to—would，can’t—couldn’t等。 [课文] REPORTER: Have you just made a new film, Miss Marsh? MISS MARSH: Yes, I have. REPORTER: Are you going to make an another? MISS MARSH: No, I'm not. I'm going to retire. I feel very tired. I don't want to make another film for a long time. KATE: Let's buy a newspaper, Liz. Listen to this! 'Karen Marsh: Sensational News! By our reporter, Alan Jones. Karen Marsh arrived at London Airport today. She was wearing a blue dress and a mink coat. She told me she had just made a new film. She said she was not going to make another. She said she was going to retire. She told reporters she felt very tired and didn't want to make another film for a long time.' LIZ: I wonder why! Lesson 135 The latest report [词汇]（5） future n. 未来的 get married 结婚 hotel n. 饭店 latest adj. 最新的 introduce vt. 介绍 ★future n. 未来的 in the future 在未来 future wife 未婚妻； future husband 未婚夫 ★get married 结婚 They will get married next week. marry v. 结婚（瞬间动词，不能用完成时） They have married for 10 years. × married adj. 已婚的 They have been married for 10 year. ∨ marriage n. 结婚 同样的瞬间动词还有die，不能用在完成时中，其形容词为dead： They have been dead for ten years. He died last year. ★introduce vt. 介绍 ① v. 介绍；引导 He was introduced to Mrs. Black at that party. 在那个聚会上，他被介绍跟布莱克太太相识了。 May I introduce my future husband to you? 让我介绍你跟我的未婚夫认识好吗？ ② v. 引进；推行 Panda has been introduced into Japan from China. 大熊猫由中国引入日本。 Economic reforms have been introduced in China. 中国推行了经济方面的改革。 ③ v. 引领；（初次）提出 The guest was introduced into a room upstairs. 客人被领进了楼上的一个房间。 He introduced a new topic for our discussion. 他提出了一个新的议题供我们讨论。 ★really adv. 真正的 ① adv. 真正地；确实地 Are you really going to retire? 你真的准备退休吗？ He wants to know what really happened. 他想知道事实的真相。 ② adv. (用以加强语气)实在；其实 I really don’t mind. 我真的不介意。 You don’t really expect him to believe that, do you? 你其实并不指望他相信那一点，对吗？ ③ adv. (表示疑问、惊讶、恼怒等)真的；是吗；真是的 It is said that she’s going to retire. 听说她要退休了。 Really? 真的吗？ Oh really! It’s terrible for him. 喔，真是的！这对他来说太可怕了。 [语法] Let的用法： let与一般动词不同，它用于动词+ 宾语+ 动词原形结构，即let后面可接名词或代词，再接不带to 的动词不定式。其意思为“允许、让”。 Just let me try! 就让我试试吧！ Her parents wouldn’t let her go out with that boy. [课文] REPORTER: Are you really going to retire, miss Marsh? MISS MARSH: I may. I can't make up my mind. I will have to ask my future husband. He won't let me make another film. REPORTER: Your future husband, Miss Marsh? MISS MARSH: Yes. Let me introduce him to you. His name is Carlos. We're going to get married next week. KATE: Look, Liz! Here's another report about Karen Marsh. Listen: 'Karen Marsh: The latest. At her London Hotel today Miss Marsh told reporters she might retire. She said she couldn't make up her mind. She said she would have to ask her future husband. She said her future husband would not let her make another film. KATE: Then she introduced us to Carlos and told us they would get married next week'. LIZ: That's sensational news, isn't it, Kate? KATE: It certainly is. He'll be her sixth husband! Lesson 137 A pleasant dream [词汇]（6） football n. 足球 pool n. 赌注 win (won, won) v. 赢 world n. 世界 poor adj. 贫穷的 depend v. 依靠（on） ★football n.足球；（美）橄榄球 soccer （美）足球 do the football pool 做足球赌注 ★world n. 世界 in the world 在世界上 worldwide 全世纪范围的 see the world 看世界 I want to see the world. travel round the world 周游世界 ★depend v. 依靠（on） ① v. 视……而定；取决于 When are you coming back? Well, it depends. 哦，看情况吧。 It depends on whether they win or not. 这取决于他们是否能能赢。 ② v. 依靠；依赖 The country depends heavily on its export of farming products. 这个国家在很大程度上依赖于其农产品的出口。 They depended on us for help. 他们依靠的是我们的帮助。 ③ v. 信赖；相信 We can depend on the accuracy of the test. 我们可以相信测试的准确性。 You can depend on John—he is an honest man. ★win (won, won) v.赢 ① v. 赢（如比赛或奖项）；获胜 Which team won? He felt very excited to have won the gold medal. 赢得了金牌，他感到非常兴奋。 ② v.（经过努力等）赢得；取得；成功 Do you think he will win the election? 你认为他竞选会成功吗？ He had been applying for a scholarship and he won at last. 他一直在申请奖学金并终于获得了。 [语法] 条件从句 在英文中，条件是指某一事情（状语从句中的动作）实现之后其他事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译为“假如”。如果条件状语从句用于询问或谈论十分可能发生的事情，那么条件状语从句中常用一般现在时，而主句中则用一般将来时。 结构：主句 + if 从句 或 if 从句, 主句 If you rains tomorrow, I won’t go to work. You must go to school if you feel better. You will have to pay for it if you break the window. if从句中的现在时表示需具备的条件，主句中的shall/will将来时表示可能的结果。 [课文] JULIE: Are you doing the football pools, Brain? BRIAN: Yes, I've nearly finished, Julie. Julie. I'm sure we'll win something this week. JULIE: You always say that, but we never win anything! What will you do if you win a lot of money? BRIAN: If I win a lot of money I'll buy you a mink coat. JULIE: I don't want a mink coat! I want to see the world. BRIAN: All right. If we win a lot of money We'll travel round the world and we'll stay at the best hotels. Then we'll return home and buy a big house in the country. We'll have a beautiful garden and … JULIE: But if we spend all that money we'll be poor again. What'll we do then? BRIAN: If we spend all the money we'll try and win the football pools again. JULIE: It's a pleasant dream but everything depends on 'if'! Lesson 139 Is that you, John? [词汇]（5） extra adj. 额外的 overseas adj. 海外的，国外的 engineering n. 工程 company n. 公司 line n. 线路 ★extra adj. 额外的 ① adj. 额外的；外加的；另外收费的 Could you get an extra bottle of milk? 请你再拿一瓶牛奶好吗？ On Sundays, she always gets some extra sleep. 星期天她总是比平时多睡一会儿。 Guests at this hotel can use the gym at no extra cost. 这家饭店的客人们可以使用健身房，不再额外收费。 ② adv. 额外地；另外 He usually works extra on weekends. 他通常在周末加班。 They’ll charge you extra for room service. 饭菜送到房间是要另外收费的。 She is extra nice to her colleagues these days. 这些日子她对她的同事们特别好。 ★overseas adj. 海外的，国外的 ① adj. 海外的；国外的 The universit recruits a large number of overseas students each year. 这所大学每年招收大量的外国留学生。 The small country depends heavily on its overseas trade. 这个小国在很大程度上依赖于其海外贸易。 ② adv. 在（或向）海外；在（或向）国外 John is going to work overseas soon. 约翰不久就要出国工作了。 He has never been overseas. 他还从未出过国。 [课文] GRAHAM TURNER: Is that you, John? JOHN SMITH: Yes, speaking. GRAHAM TURNER: Tell Mary we'll be late for dinner this evening. JOHN SMITH: I'm afraid I don't understand. GRAHAM TURNER: Hasn't Mary told you? She invited Charlotte and me to dinner this evening. I said I would be at your house at six o'clock, but the boss wants me to do some extra work. GRAHAM TURNER: I'll have to stay at the office. I don't know when I'll finish. Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know if Mary needs any help. JOHN SMITH: I don't know what you're talking about. GRAHAM TURNER: That is John Smith, isn't it? JOHN SMITH: Yes, I'm John Smith. GRAHAM TURNER: You are John Smith, the engineer, aren't you? JOHN SMITH: That's right. GRAHAM TURNER: You work for the Overseas Engineering Company, don't you? JOHN SMITH: No, I don't. I'm John Smith the telephone engineer and I'm repairing your telephone line. [课文注释] Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know if Mary needs any help. by the way 顺便（问、说一下），说话者忽然想到另一件事的时候用此来表示改变话题。 Lesson 141 Sally's first train ride [词汇]（13） excited adj. 兴奋的 get on 登上 middle-aged adj. 中年的 opposite prep.在……对面 curiously adv.好奇地 funny adj. 可笑的，滑稽的 powder n. 香粉 compact n. 带镜的化妆盒 kindly adv. 和蔼地 ugly adj. 丑陋的 amused adj. 有趣的 smile v. 微笑 embarrassed adj. 尴尬 ★curiously adv.好奇地 ① adv. 好奇地 The little boy watched curiously as his mum opened the box. ② adv. 过于好奇地 She curiously opened the letter addressed to her husband. 她抑制不住好奇心，拆开了别人写给她丈夫的信。 ★kindly adv. 和蔼地 ① adv. 和蔼地；亲切地 He treats the children kindly. 他待孩子们和蔼而仁慈。 The old man greeted us kindly. ② adv. 请（=please，有时表示客气，有时表示不满等） Will you kindly leave the room? 请你离开这房间好吗？ Kindly acknowledge this letter. 此信收到后请告知。 ③ adv. 乐意地；感谢地 He never takes criticism kindly. 他从不乐于接受批评。 ★embarrassed adj. 尴尬 ① v. 尴尬的；局促不安的 He felt so embarrassed at that moment. The girl was very embarrassed to speak in front of so many strangers. 在如此之多的陌生人面前讲话，那个女孩子很是局促不安。 ② v. 陷入困境的；拮据的 He was financially embarrassed. 他经济上陷入了困境。 He says that he is embarrassed at the moment, but he will be able to pay you next month. [语法] 被动语态 英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物。在被动句中，主语是动作的承受者。 英语中表达感情的动词通常可用于被动式，这些动词如amuse，embarrass，worry，surprise，interest，upset等。 被动语态的构成：be+过去分词 过去分词不一定指过去，时态与be动词有关： 一般现在时：主+am/is/are+动词的过去分词 The car is repaired by my brother regularly. 一般过去时：主+was/were+动词的过去分词 She was dressed in red. 现在进行时：主+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词 The car is being repaired by them. 现在完成时：主+have/has+been+动词过去分词 The house has been built by them. 一般将来时：主+will+be+动词原形 The thief will be caught by the policeman soon. 过去进行时：主+was/were+being+动词的过去分词 The house was being built by them at this time last year. 过去完成时：主+had+been+动词过去分词 They project had been finished by the end of last year. 情态动词：情态动词+be+动词过去式 The work must be finished before five o’clock. 英语中表达感情的动词通常可用于被动式，这些动词如amuse，embarras，worry，surprise，interest，upset等。 She is embarrassed. They were worried. [课文] Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children's party. I decided to take her by train. Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before. She sat near the window and asked questions about everything she saw. Suddenly, a middle-age lady got on the train and sat opposite Sally. 'Hello, little girl,' she said. Sally did not answer, but looked at her curiously. The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat. After the train had left the station, the lady opened her handbag and took to her power compact. She then began to make up her face. 'Why are you doing that?' Sally asked. 'To make myself beautiful,' the lady answered. She put away her compact and smiled kindly. 'But you are still ugly,' Sally said. Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed! [课文注释] 1、Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children's party. my four-year-old daughter 我那4岁的女儿 four-year-old是复合形容词，名词用连字符连在一起构成复合形容词。 a thirteen-year-old girl 一个13岁的姑娘； a middle-aged lady 一位中年女士 hand-made 手工制作的 2、She then began to make up her face. make up 化妆，打扮（指擦胭脂、抹粉） 3、She put away her compact and smiled kindly. put away 收拾好，储存备用 take out 拿出 Lesson 142 Someone invited Sally to a party. Sally was invited to a party. [词汇]（2） worried adj. 担心，担忧 regularly adv. 经常地，定期的 Lesson 143 A walk through the woods [词汇] surround v. 包围 wood n. 树林 beauty spot 风景点 hundred n. 百 city n. 城市 through prep.穿过 visitor n. 参观者，游客，来访者 tidy adj. 整齐的 litter n. 杂乱的东西 litter basket 废物筐 place v. 放 throw( threw; thrown) v. 扔，抛 rubbish n. 垃圾 count v. 数，点 cover v. 覆盖 piece n. 碎片 tyre n. 轮胎 rusty adj. 生锈的 among prep.在……之间 prosecute 依法处置 ★surround v.包围；围绕 The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees. That old professor loved to surround himself with young people. 那位老教授非常喜欢年轻人围在他左右。 When I went into the room, I saw Tim sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes. 当我走进房间时，我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上，他的周围到处都是盒子。 ★place v. 放 ① v.（小心地）放；放置 He placed the record back to the shelf. 他把唱片放回到架子上。 Their request placed me in a difficult position. 他们的要求将我置于困境。 ② v. 任命；安置 The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo. 公司任命他在东京的一家分支机构工作。 There is no better way to place the homeless children. 没有更好的办法来安置这些无家可归的孩子们。 ★prosecute 依法处置 ① v. 起诉，检举；依法处置 Trespassers will be prosecuted. 闲人莫入，违者法办。 They prosecuted him for shoplifting. 他们起诉他扒窃商店货物。 ② v.（书面语）彻底进行；执行 We are going to prosecute the investigation further. 我们将进一步彻底进行调查。 [课文] I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The little baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, 'Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!' 相关链接：教学论文
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