句容二中9A Unit 2 语法讲义

中学英语教学资源网英语论文语法专题指导 手机版


一、Would rather….句型的用法
1.我们先来看一下rather这个词用法:
rather用作表示程度的副词,意为“相当”“太”,与very, quite, too同义,用来修饰形容词或副词。如:This book is rather bad. 这本书相当差。
rather和quite可用来修饰名词,一般放在冠词前面。
That’s rather / quite a good picture. 那是一副很好的画。
2.以下是重点:
Would rather…than…意思是“宁愿….而不原,喜欢….而不喜欢。”在使用时,前面和后面都必须用表示并列的成分。它的否定形式应该在would rather 的后面加not,而不是在would的后面加not,疑问句将would提前。如:
★★★would rather 的主要句型有以下2种:
①、would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事
②、would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2 宁愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2. (在此句型中,如果两个动词相同则后面一个动词可以省略。)
例:①She would rather stay at home tomorrow. 她宁可明天呆在家。
I’d rather not tell you about it . 我宁愿不告诉你此事。
② I would rather have the red one than (have)the green one.我宁愿要红的,而不要绿的。
I would rather play football than watch TV. 我宁愿踢足球而不愿看电视。
二、Prefer(=like…better)和prefer…to…的用法 :
prefer 是动词,它的过去式和过去分词都是preferred .它的意思是“宁愿,更喜欢”,相当于like…better,后面跟名词或代词,也可接不定式或动名词(短语)。
★★★prefer的重点句型有以下几种:
①.prefer (not) to do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事= would rather (not) do sth.
②.prefer sb. (not) to do sth. 宁愿某人(不)去做某事
③. prefer to do sth.1 rather than do sth.2 宁愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2.
=would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2
=prefer doing sth.1 to doing sth.2 (这种句型属于第④种句型,to为介词)
④prefer A to B = like A better than B 喜欢A,而不喜欢B
(此句型中to为介词,其中A和B 可以是名词、代词、动名词或动名词短语)
例如:①She prefers to stay at home on Sunday.星期天她更喜欢呆在家里。
②They preferred their son (not) to go to college.
他们宁愿他们的儿子(不)去上大学。
③I prefer to look after the baby rather than clean the room.
=I would rather look after the baby than clean the room
④ I prefer the town to the country.我喜欢城镇而不喜欢农村。
=I like the town better than the country.
⑤She prefers red to blue.她喜欢红色,而不喜欢蓝色。
=She likes red better than blue.
⑥She prefers singing to dancing. 他喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。
=she likes singing better than dancing.
=She prefers to sing rather than dance.
=She would rather sing than dance.
⑦I prefer staying at home to going out on Sundays.星期天我喜欢呆在家里,而不喜欢到外面去。
=I like staying at home better than going out on Sundays.
=I prefer to stay at home rather than go out on Sundays.
=I would rather stay at home than go out on Sundays.
三、由some, any ,no, every.构成的复合不定代词的用法
▲由some;any ;no 和every 可以与one ,body ,thing构成复合不定代词,它们的用法与some. any 的用法相同。如:
-some -any -no -every
-body Somebody(有人,某人) Anybody(任何人) Nobody(没有人) Everybody(每人,人人)
-one Someone(有人,某人) Anyone(任何人) No one(没有人) Everyone(人人,每人)
-thing Something(某事) Anything(任何事) Nothing(没有东西) Everything(一切,事事)

Grammar (C) (D)
C ‘someone/ somebody’,’ anyone/anybody’, and ‘no one/ nobody’
以上几个词都是指代人的不定代词,当我们不确定所谈论的人的名字或不需要提及他的名字时,就可以用不定代词来表示。
1.someone/somebody 用来表示“某人”,常用于肯定句中。
e.g. ①There is someone in the fitting room.
②Somebody wants to see you at the gate.
2.anybody/ anyone 表示“任何人”。常用于否定句和疑问句中。有时在肯定句或if条件状语从句中要想表达“任何人”的含义时也用anyone/anybody。
e.g. ①Anyone(who feels tired or weak) should wear red that makes you feel energetic.
②Has anybody come?
③There is not anyone in the room.
④Please tell me at once if anyone calls me.
3. no one/ nobody 表示“没有人”;“没有任何人”。本身是否定词,当然用于否定句中。no one 常用于书面语,nobody常用于口语中。(nobody = not anybody)
E.g. ①No one has come.
②Nobody knows where he is.
◆注意:以上不定代词在含义上都是单数,所以后面的动词要用单数形式。
e.g. ⑴Somebody has taken away the book.
⑵If anyone calls me, tell him I’ll come back soon.
D ‘something, anything, nothing, none’
something, anything, nothing, none 也是不定代词,something, anything, nothing 常指‘物’,代表不确定的某样东西或不需要提起名字的某样东西。 none 既可指代‘人’,也可指代‘物’。
1.something 表示“某物”,常用于肯定句中。
e.g. ①Simon has something in his bag.
②Something is wrong with my bike.
2.anything常用于否定句和疑问句中。有时在肯定句中或if条件状语从句中要想表达“任何东西”的含义时也用anything。
e.g. ①For a better life, he will do anything.
②Did he find anything?
③She didn’t say anything about it.
3.nothing, none 表示否定的意思,none 还可以和of连用,做主语或宾语。(具体区别请参与第四项)(nothing = not anything)
e.g. ①I have nothing to say.
②None of us want(s)to go there.
③---Are there any cakes in the fridge? ----No, there is none left.
★★★学习时请特别注意以下几点:
1.以上不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.
Everything is ready, Let’s start our party.
2.不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时, 该形容词、动词不定式要放在其后。
There is nothing wrong with your computer.
3.在表示请求、建议或邀请等期待一个肯定回答时,用some系列, 而不用any系列。
①Can you do something for me? I really need your help. (表请求)
②Could you pass me something to drink?(表请求)
③Why not ask someone for help?(表建议)
④Aren’t you do something for you son? (希望得到肯定回答)
你难道不打算为你儿子做点事吗?
4. any系列一般用于否定句和疑问句中,但如有必要也可用于肯定句或if条件从句中,表示“任何人(物)”的含义.
Anyone (who goes into this room) will be punished.(处罚)
5.当句中有little, seldom, hardly,without等半否定意义的动词、形容词、介词或如too…to等具有否定意义的其它结构时,通常用any系列词项。如:
①I have finished it without anyone’s help. ②I am too busy to play with anybody.
6.every系列一般用于肯定句中,如果用于否定句则表求部分否定(不完全否定)。如:
Not everyone likes sandwiches.(不是每个人都喜欢吃三明治)
7.在everyone, everybody, nobody, no one(指人的不定代词)出现的上下文中,要用复数人称代词与之对应。
①Everybody is busy, and they are working on the farm.
②Everyone was running as fast as they could.
8. 当陈述句的主语是指人的复合不定代词(-one,-body)时,其反意疑问部分的主语用they,
当陈述句的主语是指物的复合不定代词(-thing)时,其反意疑问部分的主语用it.
①Everyone is here , aren’t they? 人都到了,是吗?
② Everything is ready, isn’t it ? 一切准备好了,是吗?
③Somebody is waiting for me at the gate , aren ’t they? 有人在门口等我,是吗?
9.回答how many 或how much开头的问句用 none, 回答who开头的问句用 nobody 或no one
回答what 引导的问句用nothing。如:
①---How many boys are there in the classroom? ---None.
②---Who is in the classroom ? --Nobody./No one.
③---What's she doing? ----Nothing.
10.注意none, nothing, no one的区别: none 可以和of 连用,其它的不能和of连用;
none 与all 反义。(详见第四部分)
以下为附加内容:
四、none用法补充:none既可指人,也可指物,它只是指在一定范围内,代替上下文已出现过的名词。
none可指没有人或没有东西,在句中作定主语或宾语。作主语时,谓语动词可用单数。也可用复数。如:
①“How many birds are there in the tree?”“None”.“树上有多少只鸟?”“一只也没有”。
②“Are there any students in the classroom?”“None”.
“教室里有学生吗?”“一个也没有。”
③ I understood none of the questions. 这些问题我都不懂。
④ I wanted some ropes but there was none in my house .
我需要几根绳子,但家里一根绳子都没有。
⑤“Are there any tomatoes left?”“No ,none at all.”
“还有西红柿剩下吗?”“没有,一点也没有了。”
⑥ None of them has come back yet. 他们中一个人也没有回来。
⑦ I bought many books but none of them is about French.
我买了很多书,但没有一本是关于法语方面的。
[注]none ,nothing 和no one 的区别; none既可指人,也可指物,它只是指在一定范围内,代替上下文已出现过的名词。Nothing表示“没有什么东西”,只能指物,不能指人,同时没有任何限制。No one 一般用来指人,使用时不受一定范围的限制,后面一般不接引导的介词短语.如:
①“Have you bought any clothes”? “None”.“你买衣服了吗?”“一件没买”。
②“Are there any birds in the tree now ?” “None”.“现在树上有鸟吗?”“一只也没有。”
③“What is in the bag?” “Nothing” “袋子里有什么?”“什么也没有。”
④“What did you buy yesterday?” “Nothing” “昨天你买什么了?”“没有买什么”。
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