句容二中9A Unit 2 语法讲义 |
||||
中学英语教学资源网 → 英语论文 → 语法专题指导 手机版 | ||||
一、Would rather….句型的用法 1.我们先来看一下rather这个词用法: rather用作表示程度的副词,意为“相当”“太”,与very, quite, too同义,用来修饰形容词或副词。如:This book is rather bad. 这本书相当差。 rather和quite可用来修饰名词,一般放在冠词前面。 That’s rather / quite a good picture. 那是一副很好的画。 2.以下是重点: Would rather…than…意思是“宁愿….而不原,喜欢….而不喜欢。”在使用时,前面和后面都必须用表示并列的成分。它的否定形式应该在would rather 的后面加not,而不是在would的后面加not,疑问句将would提前。如: ★★★would rather 的主要句型有以下2种: ①、would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事 ②、would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2 宁愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2. (在此句型中,如果两个动词相同则后面一个动词可以省略。) 例:①She would rather stay at home tomorrow. 她宁可明天呆在家。 I’d rather not tell you about it . 我宁愿不告诉你此事。 ② I would rather have the red one than (have)the green one.我宁愿要红的,而不要绿的。 I would rather play football than watch TV. 我宁愿踢足球而不愿看电视。 二、Prefer(=like…better)和prefer…to…的用法 : prefer 是动词,它的过去式和过去分词都是preferred .它的意思是“宁愿,更喜欢”,相当于like…better,后面跟名词或代词,也可接不定式或动名词(短语)。 ★★★prefer的重点句型有以下几种: ①.prefer (not) to do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事= would rather (not) do sth. ②.prefer sb. (not) to do sth. 宁愿某人(不)去做某事 ③. prefer to do sth.1 rather than do sth.2 宁愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2. =would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2 =prefer doing sth.1 to doing sth.2 (这种句型属于第④种句型,to为介词) ④prefer A to B = like A better than B 喜欢A,而不喜欢B (此句型中to为介词,其中A和B 可以是名词、代词、动名词或动名词短语) 例如:①She prefers to stay at home on Sunday.星期天她更喜欢呆在家里。 ②They preferred their son (not) to go to college. 他们宁愿他们的儿子(不)去上大学。 ③I prefer to look after the baby rather than clean the room. =I would rather look after the baby than clean the room ④ I prefer the town to the country.我喜欢城镇而不喜欢农村。 =I like the town better than the country. ⑤She prefers red to blue.她喜欢红色,而不喜欢蓝色。 =She likes red better than blue. ⑥She prefers singing to dancing. 他喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。 =she likes singing better than dancing. =She prefers to sing rather than dance. =She would rather sing than dance. ⑦I prefer staying at home to going out on Sundays.星期天我喜欢呆在家里,而不喜欢到外面去。 =I prefer to stay at home rather than go out on Sundays. =I would rather stay at home than go out on Sundays. 三、由some, any ,no, every.构成的复合不定代词的用法 ▲由some;any ;no 和every 可以与one ,body ,thing构成复合不定代词,它们的用法与some. any 的用法相同。如: -some -any -no -every -body Somebody(有人,某人) Anybody(任何人) Nobody(没有人) Everybody(每人,人人) -one Someone(有人,某人) Anyone(任何人) No one(没有人) Everyone(人人,每人) -thing Something(某事) Anything(任何事) Nothing(没有东西) Everything(一切,事事) Grammar (C) (D) C ‘someone/ somebody’,’ anyone/anybody’, and ‘no one/ nobody’ 以上几个词都是指代人的不定代词,当我们不确定所谈论的人的名字或不需要提及他的名字时,就可以用不定代词来表示。 1.someone/somebody 用来表示“某人”,常用于肯定句中。 e.g. ①There is someone in the fitting room. ②Somebody wants to see you at the gate. 2.anybody/ anyone 表示“任何人”。常用于否定句和疑问句中。有时在肯定句或if条件状语从句中要想表达“任何人”的含义时也用anyone/anybody。 e.g. ①Anyone(who feels tired or weak) should wear red that makes you feel energetic. ②Has anybody come? ③There is not anyone in the room. ④Please tell me at once if anyone calls me. 3. no one/ nobody 表示“没有人”;“没有任何人”。本身是否定词,当然用于否定句中。no one 常用于书面语,nobody常用于口语中。(nobody = not anybody) E.g. ①No one has come. ②Nobody knows where he is. ◆注意:以上不定代词在含义上都是单数,所以后面的动词要用单数形式。 e.g. ⑴Somebody has taken away the book. ⑵If anyone calls me, tell him I’ll come back soon. D ‘something, anything, nothing, none’ something, anything, nothing, none 也是不定代词,something, anything, nothing 常指‘物’,代表不确定的某样东西或不需要提起名字的某样东西。 none 既可指代‘人’,也可指代‘物’。 1.something 表示“某物”,常用于肯定句中。 e.g. ①Simon has something in his bag. ②Something is wrong with my bike. 2.anything常用于否定句和疑问句中。有时在肯定句中或if条件状语从句中要想表达“任何东西”的含义时也用anything。 e.g. ①For a better life, he will do anything. ②Did he find anything? ③She didn’t say anything about it. 3.nothing, none 表示否定的意思,none 还可以和of连用,做主语或宾语。(具体区别请参与第四项)(nothing = not anything) e.g. ①I have nothing to say. ②None of us want(s)to go there. ③---Are there any cakes in the fridge? ----No, there is none left. ★★★学习时请特别注意以下几点: 1.以上不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式. Everything is ready, Let’s start our party. 2.不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时, 该形容词、动词不定式要放在其后。 There is nothing wrong with your computer. 3.在表示请求、建议或邀请等期待一个肯定回答时,用some系列, 而不用any系列。 ①Can you do something for me? I really need your help. (表请求) ②Could you pass me something to drink?(表请求) ③Why not ask someone for help?(表建议) ④Aren’t you do something for you son? (希望得到肯定回答) 你难道不打算为你儿子做点事吗? 4. any系列一般用于否定句和疑问句中,但如有必要也可用于肯定句或if条件从句中,表示“任何人(物)”的含义. Anyone (who goes into this room) will be punished.(处罚) 5.当句中有little, seldom, hardly,without等半否定意义的动词、形容词、介词或如too…to等具有否定意义的其它结构时,通常用any系列词项。如: ①I have finished it without anyone’s help. ②I am too busy to play with anybody. 6.every系列一般用于肯定句中,如果用于否定句则表求部分否定(不完全否定)。如: Not everyone likes sandwiches.(不是每个人都喜欢吃三明治) 7.在everyone, everybody, nobody, no one(指人的不定代词)出现的上下文中,要用复数人称代词与之对应。 ①Everybody is busy, and they are working on the farm. 8. 当陈述句的主语是指人的复合不定代词(-one,-body)时,其反意疑问部分的主语用they, 当陈述句的主语是指物的复合不定代词(-thing)时,其反意疑问部分的主语用it. ①Everyone is here , aren’t they? 人都到了,是吗? ② Everything is ready, isn’t it ? 一切准备好了,是吗? ③Somebody is waiting for me at the gate , aren ’t they? 有人在门口等我,是吗? 9.回答how many 或how much开头的问句用 none, 回答who开头的问句用 nobody 或no one 回答what 引导的问句用nothing。如: ①---How many boys are there in the classroom? ---None. ②---Who is in the classroom ? --Nobody./No one. ③---What's she doing? ----Nothing. 10.注意none, nothing, no one的区别: none 可以和of 连用,其它的不能和of连用; none 与all 反义。(详见第四部分) 以下为附加内容: 四、none用法补充:none既可指人,也可指物,它只是指在一定范围内,代替上下文已出现过的名词。 none可指没有人或没有东西,在句中作定主语或宾语。作主语时,谓语动词可用单数。也可用复数。如: ①“How many birds are there in the tree?”“None”.“树上有多少只鸟?”“一只也没有”。 ②“Are there any students in the classroom?”“None”. “教室里有学生吗?”“一个也没有。” ③ I understood none of the questions. 这些问题我都不懂。 ④ I wanted some ropes but there was none in my house . 我需要几根绳子,但家里一根绳子都没有。 ⑤“Are there any tomatoes left?”“No ,none at all.” “还有西红柿剩下吗?”“没有,一点也没有了。” ⑥ None of them has come back yet. 他们中一个人也没有回来。 ⑦ I bought many books but none of them is about French. 我买了很多书,但没有一本是关于法语方面的。 [注]none ,nothing 和no one 的区别; none既可指人,也可指物,它只是指在一定范围内,代替上下文已出现过的名词。Nothing表示“没有什么东西”,只能指物,不能指人,同时没有任何限制。No one 一般用来指人,使用时不受一定范围的限制,后面一般不接引导的介词短语.如: ①“Have you bought any clothes”? “None”.“你买衣服了吗?”“一件没买”。 ②“Are there any birds in the tree now ?” “None”.“现在树上有鸟吗?”“一只也没有。” ③“What is in the bag?” “Nothing” “袋子里有什么?”“什么也没有。” ④“What did you buy yesterday?” “Nothing” “昨天你买什么了?”“没有买什么”。 相关链接:语法专题指导
|
·语文课件下载
| |||
『点此察看与本文相关的其它文章』『搜索相关课件』 | ||||
【上一篇】【下一篇】 【教师投稿】 |