高考英语过去分词典型考点解析 |
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动词的过去分词用法灵活,应用广泛,在高考试卷中,单项填空、完形填空、短文改错等诸多题型都设置了对动词过去分词的考查。本文主要讨论它的句法功能在高考单项填空中的应用。 一、过去分词作定语 1.(07上海) The Town Hall ____ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. A to be completed B having been completed C completed D being completed 【简析】句中的The Great Hall与complete之间是被动关系,故应选用过去分词,相当于which were completed,答案为C。 2.(06北京) There have been several new events ____ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A add B to add C adding D added 【简析】根据句中的have been可知new events已经加入到比赛中,表示完成的动作;而且add与events又存在被动关系,答案为D。 3.(07湖南) “Things _____ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself. A lost B losing C to lose D have lost 【简析】根据语境,我们应选A,因为things与lose的关系是lose things,是动宾关系,things是被丢的。 4.The Olympic Games,____________ in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.[NMET97] A.first playing B.to be first playedC.first playedD.to be first playing【简析】根据题意可知,the Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系,因此可以排除A和D,另外B表示将来的动作,也应排除,故答案为C。它可还原成一个非限制性定语从句:which was first played in 776 BC。 解题关键:动词过去分词表示的意义是被动的和完成的,单个的分词作定语常常放在被修饰词的前面,而分词短语作定语时,通常置于被修饰词的后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。且分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 二、过去分词作状语 5.____________ more attention,the trees could have grown better.[MET90]A.Given B.To giveC.Giving D.Having given 【简析】句子主语the trees与give之间是被动关系,故答案选A,过去分词短语Given more attention作条件状语,放于句首。 6.(07浙江) ____ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. A Driven B Being driven C To drive D Having driven 【简析】答案选A。drive与句子主语farmers的关系是farmers被驱使,因此用driven表示被动关系。Being driven是正在被驱使,不需要强调进行时。 7.The research is so designed that once ____________ nothing can be done to change it.[NMET2002] A.beginsB.having begun C.beginning D.begun 【简析】答案为D。once begun在句中作条件状语,它是状语从句once it is begun的省略形式,句意为:这项调查研究事先计划的如此完好,以致于一旦开始,什么也无法改变它。 8.Generally speaking, ______according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (2003’上海) 【简析】完整的说法应是when the drug is taken according to the directions,…由于主句的主语和从句的主语相同,因此可以省略从句的主语the drug和谓语的一部分is,答案为B。当然也可以省去when。 解题关键:过去分词作状语时,它常与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。作条件、原因、时间状语时,分词短语常位于句首;作伴随、方式、结果状语时,分词短语常位于句末。 三、过去分词作表语 9.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____________ by the hour.[NMET98] A.payB.payingC.paidD.to pay 10.As we joined the big crowd I got ____________ from my friends.[NMET2001] A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed 【简析】第9题答案为C,过去分词paid作系动词get的表语,类似的用法还有:get married,get beaten,get excited,get caught in等。同样,第9题答案为A,句意为:当我们走进人群中时,我和朋友们分开了。 过去分词作表语时,应注意它和现在分词的区别:现在分词常常表示特征,意为“令人……”,而过去分词则表示状态,意为“(某人)感到……”。再如: 11.I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time,but now I am interesting in football.[NMET97短文改错][ 答案]将interesting改为interested。 解题关键:过去分词及过去分词短语作表语时,分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系;而现在分词及其短语作表语时,分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 四、过去分词作宾语补足语 12.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____________ .[MET91] A.hear B.to hearC.hearing D.heard 【简析】make oneself heard为固定结构,意为“使自己的声音被别人听到”,再如make oneself understood表示“把自己的意思表达清楚”,故答案为D。 13.-Good morning.Can I help you?-I'd like to have this package __________,madam.[MET89] A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed 【简析】have sth.done是固定结构,意为“让别人去做某事”或“让某事被别人完成”,该题表示“我想让别人称这个包裹”,因此答案为D,过去分词weighed作this package的宾语补足语。 解题关键:过去分词作宾语补足语时,常见的句式有: 1.使役动词或感官动词(have, make, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等)+宾语+过去分词。如: Yesterday I had my bicycle repaired. The teacher spoke so slowly so that he could make himself understood. On my way back home, I heard my name called. 另外,have还有“遭受、遭遇”的意思。如: Yesterday she had her wallet stolen when she was doing shopping. 2.某些动词(keep, leave, get, find)+宾语+过去分词。如: If I get further information, I’ll keep you informed. When I came into the classroom, I found it cleared. 3.介词with+宾语+过去分词。如: The child was crying with the glass broken. With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch. 14.The murderer was brought in,with his hands ____________ behind his back.[MET90] A.being tied B.having tiedC.to be tied D.tied 【简析】在with复合结构中,hands与tie之间含有被动关系,因此首先排除B,另外此处tied不但表示被动,还可以表示完成,因此A、C又可排除,故答案为D。 15.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____________ the next year.[NMET2000] A.carry outB.carrying outC.carried out D.to carry out 【简析】该题句式结构较为复杂,首先,先行词the plan后跟一个由that引导的定语从句;在定语从句中,关系代词that替代the plan,又充当动词see的宾语,因此该空处于宾语补足语的位置;另外,the plan与carry out之间是动宾关系,故答案为C,构成see sth.done结构。 相关链接:高考复习指导
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