彝族学习英语困难的因素 教学反思(人教版英语九年级) |
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中学英语教学资源网 → 英语论文 → 教学反思 2014-06-29 手机版 | ||||
Abstract:In the developed area, from the beginning of the third grade, students will have English class and participate in various English training courses, while in the economic underdeveloped western Yi area, it is difficult to carry out English teaching. The reasons of this phenomenon are manifold. There are objective factors including limitations of living environment and effect of trilingual environment and subjective factors consisting of psychological factors, a lack of proper English learning methods and purposes and motivation of English learning. English learning can present the active state by improving the students’ ideological understanding in Yi region, giving full play to their subjective initiative, finding suitable methods of their own learning. Key words:Yi prefecture; Middle school students; English learning difficulty ;Strategy 1.Introduction One of the biggest areas of Yi is Sichuan Liang Shan autonomous prefecture, while the places such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Guangxi, and foreign countries, like Thailand, Laos and Vietnam also have distribution. Before the founding of new China, Liang Shan in Sichuan and Yunnan Ninglang area tended generally to maintain slavery, especially for black Yi, Qunuo. The Yi people in its long history, has created the brilliant science, technology and culture. The Yi people in Xia dynasty created a "solar" in October, to have their own language and characters, namely, Yi and Yi language. Yi language is rich in content. Now, we want to construct socialism with Chinese characteristics and building a harmonious society, so we should put the development of minority economy, rich ethnic culture and national education in an important position. In many areas of the Yi nationality, English education is the weakest subject among all subjects. But Yi students' English teaching 2. Objective Factors of English Learning Difficulty of Yi Students 2.1. Limitations of Living Environment 2.1.1.Backward Thoughts of Education Yi people mainly live in relatively backward economic region. Most people are poor, even some people still don't have adequate food and suffer from clothing problem, which lead to the backward education. Some families can't afford school fees, for example, they need children to help them do farm work or go out to participate in the family, their children will drop out of school. Poor economy restricts the education. English education at the same time also affects the Yi area. Yi people, in the Yi region of Liang Shan,are mostly distributed in the mountains, far away from the town. Especially in some areas where there is very little contact with the outside world, for example, Mei Gu, De Chang, Bu Tuo, etc. Most of them live in the mountains which belong to the farming and pastoral areas of economic self-sufficiency, so they have no certain goals and ideals of life; Most families do not pay attention to education, even if some parents sent their children to school for their age is too young to do other things, or they have to adapt to the national compulsory education policy, but little of them will consider the knowledge. And, as a result of living in remote, agricultural products are mostly self-marketing; natural resources can't translate into economic advantage, thus restricting the development of rural economy. The attention and investment to the education is rare. Even if a few families treat education seriously, they have to let the children drop out of school and go home because of lacking funds, let alone the opportunity of getting out of the mountain. Other backward education thoughts embodied in the sea: one is that the government do not treasure education and don't respect knowledge, or even take the talent education as common phenomenon. The idea that education is useless is very popular . In national regions, there are quite a lot of people who think it is a market economy, they can make money without reading too much. The third is the teacher's education teaching idea lag behind. In conclusion, the thought of education is very backward. No one treats English education as an important thing. Consequently,English education will become weaker and weaker. So, the government should intensify efforts to promote advanced, innovative education thought in Yi areas. While the most important thing is that the teacher must change their teaching ideas. If teachers teach students with the thought which is introduced into the preset orbit, students could not become the main part of learning. Moreover, students will not participate in classes actively. Therefore, as a teacher, they must set up the new education teaching thought, which means that they must change the past "cramming education", and let the students like to learn. Affected by the geographical region and the lag of economic, teaching facilities in Liang Shan Yi area are far lower than the developed areas of teaching conditions. Teachers lack, for example, the idea and common thought (Xu Chengbo, 2010) . In the process of English learning, some schools even have difficulty in offering every English teacher a tape recorder. English needs counseling information, such as listening, speaking,while the students can not even own text matching workbook. Combined with the impact of examination-oriented education, many English teachers who in order to complete the teaching course only refer to listening slightly in class or even ignore it, which causes less chance to practice English for students (Ding Yueya, 2004). In most areas of the Yi nationality, there are serious shortage of teacher, both in quantity and quality. As is known, teaching and learning are the two interdependent part of one unity. For a foreign language teacher, a harmonious environment that ensures good teaching largely depends on his or her knowledge of how his or her students learn the language (Peng Xuefang, 2006). If a teacher knows quite well about his or her students i.e. their learning styles or proper learning strategies ,which makes teaching and learning be undoubtedly easier. However, it is not that easy for the teacher in Yi middle schools, whose own culture are somewhat different from that of the students, because there is a culture barrier between the teachers and students in understanding each other’s preferences for teaching and learning the language. What is worse, the teachers from other places have no idea about the Yi students. They cannot even speak or understand Yi. Due to lack of knowledge in learning styles and strategies, the teachers fail to guide students in employing or exploring effective learning strategies in light of their learning styles, which may lead to the low effectiveness of Yi students in English learning. Actually, this is the most effective way to improve English education. In recent years, the government is increasing investment in education including building new schools, updating teaching facilities and purchasing advanced teaching equipment. For English teaching, most schools in Liang Shan region installed multimedia, and teachers are equipped with tape recorders or computers, and so on. 2.2.Effect of Trilingual Environment 2.2.1.Confusion of Learning Three Different Kinds of Language For Chinese, to learn English, they just need to overcome obstacles of English, while for Yi ,they must overcome the Yi language and Chinese double barriers when it comes to learning English. Chinese is the second language of Yi students which is not their native language, so in the process of using Chinese, because of the influence of their native language and native language culture, mistakes in Chinese grammar, vocabulary, and misperceptions could happen. Due to transfer of native language (Yi), second language (mandarin) and English, theses three languages influence each other, which is the unique phenomenon of English teaching in ethnic minority areas. Different from the Chinese - English thinking of students, Yi students should choose in the three language concept and cognitive processing, and thus will understand and accept them slowly (Sun Huanzhen, 2011). As Yi nationality middle school students, they are born with Yi language and exposed to Chines during childhood. It will be more difficult to learn English. In the Yi language , the basic structure of the sentences is the way as follows: S+O+V", while the majority of English and Chinese are as follows: S+V+O. For example, "I'm playing basketball."the order expressed in Yi language is: I am basketball playing "; while the sentence which speak as "I am playing also" expressed in English as: "I am also playing" (Teng Xing, 2001). In virtually, they usually receive negative transfer of mother tongue.They should Learn but also translate in the process of learning English. More importantly, language and culture of Yi are different from the Han nationality .Yi and Han middle school students rarely communicate when they study and live at ordinary times. They have obvious national sense of protection. They believe that only their native students can communicate without difficulties. But due to historical reasons (Yi, as barbarians, burned, killed and pillaged. All in all, they did all the bad things thus left the bad reputation in history) ,the Han nationality has a prejudice against Yi. The Han nationality students are always reluctant to communicate with Yi students. Under a vicious cycle, Yi students also have ego to protect consciousness, to refuse to communicate with the Han nationality deeply (He xiang & Zhang Chunxiang, 2009). However, as is known to all, language learning must be context. It needs not only the communication between teachers and students, as well as English video contact, and the desire to communicate in English and exchange between learners. Therefore, as a medium of education, English teachers play an important role in eliminating this obstacles as far as possible. 2.2.2.Lack of English Learning Resources in Yi In Yi nationality autonomous regions, text in Yi is less popular. I have nearly gone to the most bookstore in the "capital"-----Xi chang in Yi area, but I rarely found reference books in Yi. But, there is no denying the fact is that many of Yi mountainous areas, students don't even know a few Chinese characters. So, for Yi students, the atmosphere of English learning and Chinese learning isn't strong. The students for these obscure languages will gradually lose interest and confidence. Thus, in the future, even they can go to the big city to study, they will be very afraid of English, when it comes to English learning. Most of the Yi students think that some English reference books in Han should be published in the Yi . 3. Subjective Factors of English Learning Difficulty of Yi Students 3.1. Psychological Factors After entering junior high school, both the Han nationality students in the class and Yi students will communicate in Chinese. Yi students’weak pronunciation become apparent, and they also speak English with a strong Yi's accent (Lin Wen, 2006). So, Yi students are always embarrassed to speak in class, even the Chinese are rarely used, let alone English. They dare not answer questions, or even participate in simple English dialogue, let alone reading the text,or communicating with Han students. Consequently, Yi students not only missed the opportunity to learn again and again, but to give up the English learning’s key process ------- listening and speaking, and to cause inevitable negative effects in study too. English can't be improved or even have trend of downward. In addition to learning English, the Yi middle school students also have to learn Yi and Chinese, which is more difficulty for them. Therefore their psychologies have produced psychogenic disorders in the process of learning English for them (Wang Li, 2011). According to the result of the investigation, there has been a significant difference for the Yi middle school students between high school performance and secondary school performance both in ability, knowledge and physical, mental development. On one hand ,they can not be good at learning English even they are afraid of English sometimes. On the other hand, they study English with great passion, and wish to attend good university with a high score. As time goes by, they would lose the zeal. After high school, because of the difficulty of the English curriculum and the loss of the advantage of oneself in the school or the original class loss (Mostly the Yi students who can go to high school is very excellent in the original school ), rural Yi students will lose confidence in English learning, especially in the classroom performance. The teacher is difficult to grasp their mastery of knowledge. 3.2.Lack of Proper English Learning Methods Most of the Yi students, especially girls, know that learning is not easy, so they study very hard but it is hard to get good grades. Classroom teaching is the main way of learning English, however, it's hard to concentrate on the whole course all the time. Its reason is various. For instance, they are not familiar with the Chinese; they don't preview before class, and review after class. Most of the Yi nationality students can not even pronounce the word after the teacher has finished it many times. Some students lack learning methods. For example, they did not know that memorizing words with the mouth, ears, hands, brain can obtain it better(Fu, G. S. 1998). It is well known that rote learning method is a taboo in English learning. In the process of rote learning, students remember quickly but forget quickly too. Slowly, they will lose the confidence and interest of learning English, think that learning English is very difficult. Improper study methods restricted the Yi for improving the students' English learning. English is the third language the Yi students have to learn, actually, a great many Yi students’Chinese cannot be well acquired because most of them are born to speak Yi language and seldom have chance to practice Chinese in daily life, let alone English practicing. Consequently, most Yi middle school students acquire a language by "reading" or "looking at" as the input communicating mode, and "writing" or "reciting" as the main language acquisition methods.While for English teachers, they have to take the student’s level into account, so most of the English class are considered as speaking together with writing on the blackboard. For another reason, Chinese examination-oriented education system has impact on the English learning and teaching. In general English examination, reading comprehension takes a percentage of around 40%of the test paper, which makes the Yi middle school students attach much importance to the visual learning style, and writing a composition is also an indispensable part in most English examination ,which forces Yi students to pay much attention to hands-on learning style .Besides, the teaching and learning conditions of Yi middle schools are relatively separated and limited; the Yi students spend most of their time in memorizing new words, reciting the text book ,doing reading comprehension question and doing a lot of practice, etc. But they often ignore that the learning of a language is a combination of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Yi students will be more difficult to master a language. They can't apply it to the words and a few stiff grammar. 3.3.Lack of Purposes and Motivation of English Learning From village, the Yi students are affected by the closed thought that study is useless. Besides, they have little contact with outside information, feeling that they will never meet a foreigner at home in their ideology .Of course they won't come into contact with them. Consequently, they have no desire to learn English or a negative attitude when facing the English, and they only deal with the type of learning in class, without touching English textbook after class. Yi people are mostly large family. There are at least four children in a family. This itself is very poor in Yi, and it is a great burden. So parents always hope that the child could earn money without going to school and reduce the burden on family at home. Finally they will reach a certain age when they can earn money at home. Such bad family environment for students' personality and learning attitude is easy to have a negative impact. What is more, for the parents in village ,they would not have a high level of education and some parents even never went to school, so they often concerned little about education of their children, payed no attention to it. In this atmosphere, Yi students have no motivation to learn English. In their opinion,it is a waste of time. For this factor,various efforts are needed. The government should increase publicity for English learning to let the students, parents, teachers attach importance to English teaching. Teachers, as a bridge of teaching, should guide students and inspire their interest. |
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