Unit2 学案设计(上海牛津版英语九年级) |
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中学英语教学资源网 → 英语教案 → 学案设计 2014-09-26 手机版 | ||||
三.语法知识:非谓语动词(不定式) 动词不定式的形式及特点 动词不定式一般由to+动词原形构成,其否定式是not to do. 动词不定式的用法: 1. 作主语 1).可以直接作主语,谓语动词需用单数。如: To see is to believe. 练一练:To study English hard ______ very important. 2).但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面,避免头重脚轻,如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。 练一练:It’s so easy for me _____ _____ (do) that. It’s necessary for you _____ ______(lock) the car when you do not use it. It’s my turn _____ ______ (clean) the classroom. 2.作宾语 1)Want decide ,agree ,ask,hope,wish,learn,expect,pretend,refuse,promise,等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如: We agreed to start early. She wants to be a doctor. 2).love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 3).stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式,还可以接动名词。 规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板: 1.stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 2.forget to do sth表示“忘记”将要做的事 forget doing sth表示“忘记”曾经做过的事 3. remember to do 意思是记住去做某事,表示这件事情还没有做. remember doing 意思是记得做过某事,表示这件事情还已经做了 4. stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。 5.go on doing sth 是指继续做同一件事, go on to do sth 是指继续去做另一件事 6. try to do sth.尝试去做某事 try doing sth. 尽力做某事 练一练: 1、I forgot _____________ (ask) Tom. 我忘了去问汤姆。 2、I’ll never forget _________(meet) you that afternoon. 我永远不会忘记那天下午见到你的情况。 3、Remember____________( turn off) the lights when you leave the room. 在你离开房间之前,记得把灯关了. 4、I remembered______________( turn off) the lights when I left the room. 我记得我关灯了,当我离开房间的时候. 5、After having a rest,I went on _______(do) homework. 休息一会后,我继续做作业.(休息前就在做此事) 6.After cleaning the floor,I went on ______ (clean) the window. 擦完地后,我又继续擦玻璃. 4).在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text. 练一练: He finds it interesting ______ (read) the book They feel it hard ________ (finish) the task on time. 3.作宾语补足语 1).tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如: I tell him not to go there by bus . Edison's mother taught him to read and write. 2).let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch, notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day. I heard her sing in the next room. 提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss. She was heard to sing in the next room. 练一练: Though he often _______(make) his sister cry, today he was ________ (make)cry by his sister.尽管他总是弄哭他妹妹,今天却被妹妹弄哭了。 They ask her ______( leave )the country. 4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面 例句:I have a lot of work to do. 规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如: I have a small bedroom to live in. Have you got some pens to write with? 练一练: ①The next train ________ (arrive) is from Washington. ②Have you anything to be taken to your sister? ③Do you have anything _______( say) on the question? ④Would you please give me some paper ________(write )on? ⑤My wish ______( visit) France has come true at last. 5.表语:放在be动词,感官动词,三变turn, become,get,后面 例句:His wish is to become a scientist. The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives. 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 My work is _______(clean )the room every day. 6.作状语:修饰动词,表目的,结果,原因。 To catch the bus, I got up early. 7.不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。 When to do/ How to do /What to do/Why to do/Where to do/Which to do 例如:Do you know how to get to the zoo? 你知道怎么到动物园吗 |
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