2015中考英语语法总复习讲义专题十三:主谓一致(语法,就近,意义一致三原则)(中考复习英语)

中学英语教学资源网英语论文高考复习指导 2015-07-22 手机版


一.就近原则
1. 由并列结构或连词(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。 Neither his parents nor Tom_____(be) at home. 
2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
There _____(be) a book and some pens on the desk. /There ______(come) the bus.
3. 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
I know the man who_____(be) talking to my father.
4. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
 It is Mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.  
二.意义一致原则
1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, besides,except, but, including等短语时 ,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
I along with my sister_____(be) going to Shanghai next month.
2. 由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
What I want to say _____(be) just “ Take care!”.
3. “…+ (of) +名词”作主语时,若“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。Most of the water here ______(be) clean.
80% cotton ______have) been sent to America.80%/ Half of the apples ______(be) red.
6. 词组“a number of”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;“the number of”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A number of ancient buildings __ (be) destroyed in the war./The number of the visitors__ (have) decreased this year.
7. 英语的集体名词(family, public, group, team, class等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。My family ____(be) very poor when I was a little girl /
My family ______(be) all looking forward for your coming.
三.整体原则
1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。
When to leave _____(be) not been decided./Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes.  
注:如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句,谓语动词常用复数。
What he said and what he did _____(be) always different last night .
2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。
The novelist and poet __going to Europe next year./The novelist and the poet__(be) going to Europe next year.
3. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。
10 minutes is enough.
4.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。2 and 3 ______5.
5.“the +姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、….夫妇”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The Blacks ______(enjoy) working in China.
四.个体原则
1. every +….and every +…..或each+…and each +…作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every man and every woman _____(be) busy at working.
2. 英语句中的each, either, neither等词,作代词充当主语,修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Neither of us _____(have) been abroad. Neither answer _____(be) wrong .
3. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Somebody ______(be)waiting for you at the school gate.
4. 成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves等)作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等词语时,则谓语动词要与量词(pair, suit, piece )在单复数上保持一致。A pair of scissors_______(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.
Two pieces of paper ______(be ) on the desk .
5. 以复数形式出现,却表示单数意义(maths, physics, news …)谓语用单数。
 Maths_____(be) my favorite subject.
6.“the +形容词(old /young /rich /poor )”表示“一类人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。更多资料QQ378459309制作:
The young ______(like) listening to popular songs .
7.“the +姓氏的复数” 表示“某某夫妇,某某一家人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。
The Greens _______(be)having lunch now.
专题十四 倒装句
1. 当句首为副词here ,there 且主语为名词时,应用完全倒装。
Here comes the bus !. /There goes the bell. !
2. only 修饰时间、地点、方式等状语时,应用部分倒装。
Only in this way can we solve the problem./Only when you told me did I know her name.
注意:如果 only 修饰的不是状语,则句子不倒装。Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.
3. 表示对前者的陈述也适用后者时,肯定倒装用“ so + 助动词/情态动词 + 后者”,前句事否定,而后面的人也不怎么样时用“ neither / nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 + sb”。
He can speak English,so can I./If she doesn’t go there tomorrow,neither / nor will I.
注意:(1)“ so + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语” 表示前者的主语和后者的主语的情况一样,所谈到的是两个人,意为“……也是这样”; (2)“ so + 主语 + 助动词 / 情态动词”表示前者和后者所指同一人时,说话者表示同意前者的观点,意为“的确如此”。— Li Lei likes sports. — So he does and so do I.
4. 由 not only …… but also …… 引起的并列句,若将 not only 置于句首时,该分句应部分倒装, but also 引导的分句不倒装。Not only did he give me some advice,but also he lent me some money.
5.“ no matter +疑问词+从句” 或 “疑问词+ever+从句” 注:从句应用陈述句语序,时态用一般现在时。
However hard the problem is,I must work it out.
专题十五 感叹句
一、what引导的感叹句:
1.what + a / an +adj + 单数名词 (+主语+ 谓语)!_______ a clever boy he is !
2.what + adj + 复数名词 (+主语+ 谓语)!_______ heavy boxes they are !
3.what + adj + 不可数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!_______ bad weather !
四、how引导的感叹句:
1.How + adj / adv + 主语+ 谓语!_________ hard they are working !
2.How + adj + a / an + 单数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!How tall a boy he is !
3. How + adj / adv + the + 名词+ 谓语!________ heavily the rain is falling!
4.How+句子!
五、what 与how引导的感叹句之间的转换:1.What a beautiful girl she is != ______ beautiful the girl is !
六、几个常见的感叹句:1.______ great fun it is ! 2.______ important information ! 3.______ good news !
七、感叹句中常见的不可数名词:food , work , weather , fun , music , information , news , advice ,

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