2015中考英语语法总复习讲义专题十七：宾语从句(中考复习英语)
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一、直接引语变间接引语
1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
1). “一随主”指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.
She said “I like playing basketball”. She said that _____ _____ playing basketball .
2). “二随宾”指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时,变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.
She asked Tom “Can I have a look at your picture”. She asked Tom if ___ could have a look at ___ picture .
3). “第三人称不更新”指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变.
She said to me “They want to help me”. She told me that _____ _____ to help me .
2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this that
that those
时间状语 now then
today that day
this morning that morning
three days ago three days before
Last week the week before
tomorrow the next /following day
next year the next year
地点状语 here there
动词 come go
二. 宾语从句的考查
宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
1.考查宾语从句的语序： 宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即 “主语+谓语+……
Do you know when __________? A.does the next train leave B.the next train leaves
注：若从句是疑问句，但语序不变的有：
1).who在从句中作主语。Can you tell me _________?(谁将来这儿)
2).what’s wrong / the matter ? He asked what was the matter with me .
3).what happened I don’t know what happened yesterday .
4).which is the way to ….? Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?
2.考查宾语从句的引导词
1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。
She said “I’m gald to see you” = She said _____ _____ ______ gald to see me .
2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether . I’m thinking about ______ to go there . A.if B.whether C.that
3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。
Do you know ________? I’m not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman .
A.who he is B.who is he C.what he does D.what does he do
4).若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句，就改为ask /tell sb not to sth .
“Don’t open the door” The teacher said . = The teacher told me _____ ____ ___ the door .
3.宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
Can you tell me _________? He is a doctor . A.what is he B.what he was C.what he is D.what was he
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态
He asked ____________.A.what time it is B.what time is it C.what time it was D.what time was it
He told me that he ______ for the sports meet. A.is preparing B.was preparing C.will prepare D.has prepared
注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
Our teacher said that January__ the first month of the year. /Our teacher said that the earth _(go) around the sun.
2).若主句为could you …..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。
Could you tell me _______?A.what he was doing B.what was he doing C.what he is doing D.what is he doing
5.宾语从句的简化：
1).宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+ to do sth”.
I hope I can meet you again ./I hope _____ _____ you again .
2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为“疑问词+ to do sth”. I don’t know what I should do next ./ I don’t know ____ ____ _____ next .

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