名词的分类数 教案教学设计(人教版英语高一) |
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名词:_____________________________________ 类 别 用 法 例 词 普 通 名 词 可数 名词 表示某类人或东西中的个体 Pen, student, desk 表示若干个个体组成的集合体 School, family, class 不可数名词 表示无法分为个体的实物 Tea, water, paper 表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念 Work, time, news 专有 名词 某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称 Marx, Shanghai, china, The Great Wall, Party 一.规则变化 1、一般加_______,如:maps,cars 2、以s , x ,sh, ch 结尾的加__________; 如:dish-dishes 3、以辅音字母加y结尾的 , 先____________ ,再加____________; 如: baby-babies ,family-families 4、以f,fe结尾的名词,通常要变_____或_______为_____,再加______; 如: leaf-leaves, wife---wives,life---lives,thief---thieves; 注: belief---beliefs(信心),roof---roofs(屋顶) , safe---safes(保险箱), gulf---gulfs(海湾)则直接加s 5、以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: A: 加_______,如: photo — photos,piano — pianos ,kilo-kilos, radio — radios,zoo — zoos; B加______,如:potato — potatoes,tomato—tomatoes,hero — heroes(英雄) 二、不规则变化 ①改变部分字母: woman- _________ 妇女, man- ________男人, policeman-___________警察 child-_____________孩子, mouse-___________老鼠 , foot-________脚, tooth-_________牙, ②单、复数同形: _______元,____________人、人民 ,_____________中国人,___________日本人,_______________绵羊,______________鹿,_______________鱼, ③关于“国人”的复数: 中、日友好:Chinese-Chinese中国人,Japanese-Japanese日本人 英、法联邦:Englishman-Englishmen, 英国男人 Englishwoman-Englishwomen英国女人; Frenchman-Frenchmen, 法国男人 Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen法国女人; 澳、加(真)美: Australian-Australians , Canadian- Canadians , American-Americans 三、不可数名词:(前面不能用a,an等来修饰) 到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有: ①液体类(water):juice(果汁) , tea(茶) , soup(汤) ,milk(牛奶) , cola(可乐) ,coffee(咖啡) , ②肉类(meat):beef(牛肉),pork(猪肉),mutton(羊肉) ③粉末类:bread(面包) , ④抽象名词类:news(新闻,消息),information(消息),money(钱),advice(建意),friendship(友谊) ,work(工作),homework(家庭作业),housework(家务活),schoolwork(学业),help(帮助) ,fun (乐趣),health(健康),price (价格) ⑤食物类(food):broccoli(花椰菜) , rice(大米,米饭) ,porridge(粥) ,junk food(垃圾食品),chocolate(巧克力) ,tofu(豆腐) 不可数名词计量的表达: ①个数单位词:piece (张、片、块、条), ②容器单位词:bottle(瓶),bag(包),box(盒、箱), ③类别单位词:kind( 种、类) ④度量衡单位词:kilo(千克、公斤) 四.名词所有格:表示“(某人)的”: ①一般在名词后加 _____________ 构成。 如:Jim’s mother 吉姆的妈妈 My teacher’s desk 我老师的桌子 the dog’s name那狗的名字 ②若以S结尾词,则在S后________.如:the boys’ 那些男孩的。 ③表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加。 如:Lucy and Lily’s mother 。 Lucy和Lily的妈妈 (两人是姐妹) ④表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个都加。 如:Lucy’s and Lily’s mothers . Lucy 的妈妈和Lily的妈妈 (两人不是姐妹) ⑤一般________________结构来表示无生命的名词所有格: 如:the door of the room 房间的门 a map of China 一 张中国地图 the photos of my my sister 我妹妹的照片 ⑥双重所有格,例:a friend of my father’s, a classmate of mine [ 典型题例分析 ] 例1 下列几组复数名词中,每组都有一个错词,请指出: 1. A.Chinese B. Frenchmen C. Englishmen D. Germen 2. A. tomatoes B. photos C. radioes D. potatoes 3. A. desks B. Americans C. friends D. breads 4. A. stories B. families C. plays D. keies 5. A. leaves B. knives C. rooves D. shelves 6. A. clothes B.monthes C. mouths D. fifths 例2 判断下列文哪句译正确: 多好的消息啊! A. What a good news it is ! B. What good news it is ! 例3 单项选择 What you need is more —— . Don’t always do your —— at your desk. A. exercise ; exercise B. exercises ; exersises 例4 单项选择 All the —— teachers and —— students are having a party. A . women ; girls B . women ; girl C . woman ; girls D . woman ; girl 例5 改错 My trousers are too long , but hers is too short . 例6 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空: I don’t think maths —— ( be ) easy . 例7 单项选择: Mabel gave me ——. A. two bread B. some breads C. a piece bread D. two pieces of bread 例8 改错: Shall I wait for you at the school’s gate at five this after-noon ? 例9 单项选择: —— mother is a worker . A Mary and Mike’s B. Mary’s and Mike’s C. Mary’s ane Mike D. Mary and Mike 例10 单项选择: 1.After the exams , we shall have —— holiday . A. two months B. two-month C. a two –month D. a two months 2.Mr Smith is ——. A.English B. Englishman C. Englishwoman D. Englishmen 3.Wang Lei was born in Wuhan ,but Guangzhou has become her second ——. A family B. home C. house D. country 4.Most Englist people’s family name comes —— A. first B. middle C. last D. together 5.There is a —— over the river . A. ship B. boat C . bridge D. village 例13 改错 You’d better have walk after supper Ⅰ 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空: 1.The two girls are ( Japan ) 2. The ( baby ) are asleep . 3. Do you know the two ( man teacher ) ? 4. The ( child ) are washing their ( foot ) . 5.There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields 6. September 10 is ( teacher ) Day . 7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than maths . 8. Don’t you think the ( radio ) are too noisy ? 9. Whose ( knife )are these ? 10. “ Whose house is this ?” “ It’s the ( Smith )” . Ⅱ 单项选择: 1.The boy dropped the and broke it . A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup 2. In time , those mountains will be covered with trees , too . A. few years B. a few years’ C. a few year D. a few year’s 3. Granny is badly ill . We have to take her to the . A. farm B. post office C. ship D. hospital 4. I have to tell you . A. a news B. many news C. a good piece of news D. many newses 5. are sold in that shop . A. Men’s and children’s shoes B. Men’s and child’s shoes C. Men’s and children shoes D. Man and child shoes 6. If anyone comes to see me , ask him to leave a . A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice 7. Miss Smith is a friend of . A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. Mary mother’s D. Mother’s of Mary. 8. If these trousers are too big , buy a smaller . A. piece B. kind C. copy D . pair 9. It’s my dog . A. sister Lily’s B. sister’s Lily’s C. sister Lily D. sister’s Lily 10. She had beautiful black but I could see some white . A. hair ; hair B. hairs ;hairs C. hair ; hairs D. hairs;hair 名称 总称(谓语用复数) 一个人 两个人 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans 五.1.名词前的修饰词: ①放在可数名词复数前的有:________(许多) , few(很少) , a few(一些), ②放在不可数名词复数前的有: much(许多) , little (很少), a little(一些) ③(可数、不可数前)都可放的词有:a lot of ,lots of(许多), some (一些) 2.有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼 3.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations (联合国)应视为单数。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。 注:物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。 公式为: a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。 如: a friend of mine. each brother of his. 复合名词应该属于一种构词法。之所以把它放到名词来讲,是因为复合名词首先它也属于名词,而且很多都是由名词+名词构成。通过它可以加深我们对名词的理解,扩大我们的词汇量。 如:river bank河岸,江岸 winterclothes冬季服装 kitchentable厨房用的桌子 复合名词的意思一般都是构成词的意思而得出的。例如,winterclothes就是winter 冬天+clothes衣服=冬季衣服。 不仅仅名词+名词=新名词。复合名词还可以由其他方法构成。例如,名词+动名词:weight-lifting举重;动名词+名词:dining-room餐厅,食堂等等 |
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