UNIT 15 The necklace
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Speaking
1. It got dark before they could go home，so the friends have to spend the night in the old Black Tower on the mountain.
他们还没有回家，天就黑了，于是朋友们只好在山上的黑塔里过夜。
before conj.在…时间之前；趁；还没有来得及就……, 还没有,
……才, 在……的时候还没有,
It became dark before they knew it.
不知不觉天黑了。
He left before I could say “thanks”.
我没来得及说“谢谢”， 他就走了。
We had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain.
我们刚到学校天就下雨了。
Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.
在驾驶公共汽车前,他们必须通过专门测验。
Before I could explain the reason to him, he rushed out of the classroom.
我还没来得及跟他解释原因，他就冲出了教室。
Take it before you change your mind.买了吧,不要三心二意了。
It will be five years before we meet again.要等5 年我们才能再见面。
He arrived there before it began to rain.他到那里的时候天还没下雨。
before还有“与其…宁可”的意思，如：
He'd die of hunger before he would steal
他宁愿饿死也不愿偷窃。
2. It is a sunny morning and four students are on their way to school.
那是一个阳光明媚的早晨，四个学生走在上学的路上。
on one’s way to some place在去往……的路上
on the way to 快要成为…, 在通向……的路上
I’ll buy some on my way home.
He is on the way to becoming an engineer.
by the way 顺便说 by way of 经由
in the way 挡道 in this way 以这种方式
out of the way 奇特的, 不寻常的
By the way, I have something to tell you.
He came here by way of Shanghai.
Don’t stand in the way.
He has done nothing out of the way yet. 他尚未做出不寻常的事。
Reading
4.I’m sorry, but I don’t think I know you.
对不起，我觉得我不认识你。不能译成：对不起，我不认为我认识你。从译文可以看出，该句否定词 not 否定的不是 think 而是 know，这就是我们常说的否定转移。动词think, suppose, believe, imagine, guess等后接否定转移的句子。如:
I don’t think you are correct. 我认为你不对。
He didn’t believe your friend would steal his money.
他相信你的朋友不会偷他的钱。
I don't think that he'll accept your invitation .
我认为他不会接受你的邀请。
I don't believe he told a lie .
我相信他没有说谎。
I didn’t think he was happy, was he? 我认为她并不幸福，是不是？
I don’t suppose that he cares, does he? 我认为他并不关心，是不是?
5.In fact you do, but you may not remember me.
其实你认识我，但你可能不会记得我了。
do 助动词，用于加强语气；代动词，代替上文的谓语；
行为动词，做；产生，制作；使整洁；处理，照料；结束，完成；
可用，可以，适合， 行；
That’s exactly what he did say.那就是他说的话。
Do tell me what happened.务请告诉我发生了什么。
--Who broke the window? --I did.--谁打坏了窗子？--是我。
What’s done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。
I have done six copies. 我已复制了六份。
Go and do (up) your hair.去梳一梳你的头发。
I’ll do you next, sir. 我下一个照料你，先生。
It’s done.做完了。
These shoes won’t do for mountain-climbing.这鞋子爬山不适用。
Can you make $5 do(make this sum cover your expenses)?
你能设法使五美元足够你的费用吗？
A cup of tea will do.一杯茶足够了。
It doesn’t do to be rude to your parents.对父母无礼是不行的。
may not 有时表示“可能不”。如：
He may not believe your words.
他可能不会相信你的话。
有时也表示“不可以”，如：
You may not bring your textbooks into the examination room.
你们不可以将课本带入考场。
6.Sorry, I didn’t recognize you.
对不起，我没有认出你来。
注意recognize和know的区别
1） recognize 指认出曾经见过或原来认识的人或物；
=be ready/prepared to admit 意识到，自认
She had changed so much that I could hardly recognize her .
她变化太大我差点没有认出她来。
They recognized this man without difficulty .
他们毫无困难地认出这个人。
After the accident, he recognized that he was not fit for the job.
2) know 表示一直或早就认识并熟悉某人或某物，和 from 连用时，其含义为“辨认，区别”。
get to know 表示开始认识，是不延续的动作。
I know the place very well.这地方我很熟悉。
I got to know him in the autumn of 1997.
我是在1997年秋天认识他的。
They're twins and it's almost impossible to know one from the other .
他们是双胞胎，几乎不可能分辨他们。
It is not always easy to know right from wrong .
明辨是非不是件容易的事。
另外，recognize 为短暂性动词，不能与延续的时间状语连用；如需表示长时期相识时，可用动词 know 取代 recognize .
7.That’s because of hard work—ten years of hard work.
那是因为艰苦的劳作---十年的辛苦啊。
because of 意思为“由于，因为”，后接名词，动名词，because是连词后接从句。如：
He didn’t go to school because of his illness.(= He didn’t go to school because he was ill.)
由于生病他不能上学。
I like it because of its color and pattern.
我喜欢它是因为它的颜色和图案。
8．I’m sorry, Mathilde. Did you have a hard time?
我很难过，玛蒂尔德，你过得很艰难吗？
time有时可用做可数名词，意思为“某段日子，时代，时期”。如：
The 1960s were hard times for many Chinese people.
二十世纪六十年代对许多中国人来说是一段很艰辛的日子。
The story took place in Peter the Great’s times.
故事发生在彼德大帝时代。
University was a good time for me.
Times are hard for the unemployed.
in ancient/old recent times, in time(s) of danger, trouble, hardship
9.That has been my life for the past ten years.
这便是我过去十年的生活。
含有 past或last 的时间状语，经常与现在完成时连用。如：
Our hometown has experienced great changes in the past 20 years.
在过去二十年中，我们的家乡发生了很多变化。
We have been feeling disappointed during the past few days because of the failure of our team.
因为我们的队被击败了，过去几天里我们一直觉得很失望。
Many buildings have been built in our city in the past year.
过去的一年我们市建了很多大楼。
注意：如果用in the past作状语，谓语动词用过去式。如：
　The working people lived a miserable life in the past.
过去，劳动人民过着 悲惨的生活。
10.Well, I would rather not.
我最好不（说出来）。
would rather 宁愿 常用于以下结构：
1)would rather sth
2)would rather do sth;
3)would rather not do sth;
4)would do sth rather than do sth =would rather do sth.than do sth
=prefer to do sth rather than do sth
5)would rather +从句 如：
I’d rather (have) the blue one.
我喜欢蓝色的那个。
He’d rather not go to school today.
他今天不愿去上学。
I’d rather walk than take a bus.
我宁愿走也不愿乘公共汽车。
=I’d walk rather than take a bus.
I’d rather you came tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天来。
I’d rather you had met me yesterday.
我宁愿你昨天来见我。
注意：would rather +从句时，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。过去时表示将来的动作或状态。过去完成时表示过去的动作或状态。
11.We’d been invited to a ball at the palace so I needed to borrow some jewelry.
我们被邀请去参加一个宫廷舞会，所以我需要借一些首饰。
jewel(le)ry是不可数名词，（总称）珠宝，可以借助piece来表达可数的概念。如：
Some of my jewelry is missing .
　我的一些珠宝丢失了。
a piece of jewellery 一件珠宝
She has a lot of jewelry .　
　她有许多珠宝。
jewel是可数名词，如：
She appeared at the reception wearing her finest jewels.
她戴着她最好的首饰出现在招待会上。
12.It can’t be true, Pierre!
不可能吧，皮埃尔！
can的否定式和疑问式经常用做猜测，可以表示对现在情况的猜测。肯定句用must。
Who can that be in the car?
汽车里的那个人是谁？
It can’t be Mr Zhang. He has gone to Shanghai.
那不可能是张先生，他去上海了。
如要表示对过去情况的猜测，用can’t(couldn’t)have done表示，如：
He can’t have murdered his wife. He was not at home that night.
他不可能杀了他的妻子。那天晚上他不在家。
It can’t have rained last week, or the crops would not have died.
上星期肯定没有下过雨，否则的话，庄稼不会死。
Could the computer have gone wrong?
电脑会不会搞错？
true 意为“正确的，实际上发生的，与事实相符的，真正的，天然的（real）”。
real 表示“真的存在而非虚构或想象的”。
This is a true story. 这是一个真实的故事。
Today we’re going to have real English food.今天我们将领略地道的英国菜。
That is a true/real pearl.那是一个颗天然珍珠。
13. And a new dress costs over four hundred francs.
新礼服化了四百多法郎。
cost 意为“花费”，指花费金额、费用、时间、劳力等，不可用于被动语态，其主语是表示物或事的词。又如：
Such a difficult job costs a lot of time and effort.
这么难的工作既化时间又化精力。
This dictionary cost me nearly 100 yuan .
这本字典化了我近一百元。
当 cost 表示“价值多少钱”时，可与 be worth 换用。例如：
This pen costs ( = is worth ) 20 yuan .
另外，下面几个表达“某人花多少钱做某事”的句型很重要，也是常考点，需注意。
( 1 ) 主语 ( 物 ) + costs sb . + 钱 + to do sth .
( 2 ) 主语 ( 人 ) + pay + 钱 + for sth .
( 3 ) 主语 ( 人 ) + spend + 钱 + on sth .
( 4 ) It takes sb . + 钱 + to do sth . = It takes + 钱 + for sb . to do sth .
( 5 ) 主语 ( 人 ) + buy sth . for + 钱。
It will cost you ＄500 to repair the car .
I paid 1000 yuan for a secondhand computer .
Every month she spends one-third of her salary on books .
It took him a lot of money to buy her a new coat . = It took a lot of money for him to buy her a new coat .
He bought the bag for ＄20 .
14．But just this once. After all, this ball is very important.
不过， 就只这么一次。（要知道）这次舞会（毕竟）很重要啊！
after all 毕竟，终究，到底，含有“要知道……”,“别忘了……”
I know he hasn’t finished the work, but after all, he is very busy man.
They met with difficulties, but I hear that they’ve succeeded after all.
above all “最重要的是，首先”，说明事物的重要性。
first of all “首先，第一”，说明事物的排列顺序或优先程度。
at all 与 连用时意为“一点也不”，用于肯定句、疑问句或条件句中，意为“真地，确实”。
I’m interested in old coins but first of all I’m a stamp collector.
We mustn’t waste anything but above all, we mustn’t waste time.
Do you know him at all?
If you do it at all, do it well.要做就要做好。
I’m surprised that you came at all.你竟然来了， 我很吃惊。
15.She married a man with a lot of money.
她和一个很有钱的人结了婚。
marry 一词，意为“与 ( 某人 ) 结婚；娶；嫁”。注意它的用法及搭配 。
１）表示“和某人结婚”，不可受汉语影响用 with，而用 to ; 也可什么介词都不用，但应注意句型搭配。如：
He is going to marry Miss Alice .　他准备和爱丽斯小姐结婚。
２） marry vi . “结婚”，只表示婚姻状况，常有副词修饰。如：
The doctor married late in life . 这医生结婚很晚。
３）be ( get ) married to sb . “与……结婚”。表示已婚状态。如：
She was married to a foreigner .　她和外国人结婚。
Sharon has been married to Peter for 10 years .
Sharon和Peter结婚十年了。
４）marry vt . “把某人嫁给……”；“给某人娶……”； ( 指牧师、官员等 ) “为……主婚。如：
Her parents want to marry her to a rich businessman .
她的父母要把她嫁给一个富商。
Which priest is going to marry the couple of you ?
哪位牧师为你们俩主婚 ?
An old friend married them . 一位老朋友为他们证婚。
16. So I called on you and asked if I could borrow some jewellery.
所以我来拜访你，向你借些珠宝。
表示 “拜访”的短语或词有：call at , call on , drop in ( on/at ) , visit , pay a visit ( to ) 等。
call at 后接地点，表示到某处去拜访某人。如：
She asked him to call at Hilton Hotel to see her daughter.
她要他去希尔顿饭店看她的女儿。
call on 比较正式，后接人作宾语，指进行短暂的社交或公务关系的访问，有时也有 call upon。如：
After we moved into the new home, our neighbours came to call on us.
我们搬进新房子后，邻居来看望我们。
call back召唤某人回来，再访，回电话 call for去接某人，去拿某物，要求
call in 请来，下令收回 call up 打电话，使回忆
17. Well, after all these years we’ve at last paid off all our debts.
还好，经过这么多年，我们终于还清了债务。
pay off （优指冒风险的政策、做法）带来好结果，成功，行得通
The gamble paid off. 赌赢了。
pay sth off 全部偿还，还清；pay off one’s debts
pay sb off 付清某人工资予以解雇
After the strike, these workers were paid off.
pay back表示“偿还，偿付；报复” 如：
It's high time he paid you back the money he owes you .
　是他偿还借你钱的时候了。
pay for “付款，偿付”
How much did you pay for the recorder ? 这台录音机你买了多少钱？
Pay sth out （按时）为某事物付巨款
I had to pay out $200 to get my car repaired.我得花200美元修理汽车。
pay up 付清全部欠款
I’ll take you to court unless you pay up immediately.
除非马上还清欠款，否则我和你打官司。
18.It was worth five hundred francs at most.
它最多值五百法郎。
　be worth 值
1)be worth +money 有某种价值,值…钱
Our house is worth about $6000.我们的房子大约值6000美元
=We paid about $6000 for the house.
=The house cost us about $6000.
=It took us about $6000 to buy the house.
2)be worth doing /be worth sth值得做某事（be worth 后不能及to do 结构，be worth doing 本身表示被动含义）
It’s an idea that’s worth considering.这是个值得考虑的意见。
It’s not worth the effort/the trouble.不值得费那个事。
The plan is well worth a try.这个计划很值得一试。（注意：表示很值得、非常值得必须用well, 而不能用very）
It is worthwhile considering/to consider your suggestion. 你的建议值得考虑。
be worthy of sth 值得，配得上
of being done
to be done 值得做
Her achievements are worthy of the highest praise.
She said she was not worthy to accept the honour they had offered her.
Your suggestion is worthy of being/to be considered.
That worthy scholar could solve the problem.那位可敬的学者能解决这个问题。
Integrating skills
19.They also speak lines written like the dialogue in a play.
他们也念台词，就像戏剧中的对话一样。
lines台词，如：
Actors should have a very good memory otherwise he will forget his lines on the stage.
演员的记忆力要好，否则在舞台上会忘记台词。
speak vt.讲，说，讲出；显示，表达；用响声宣告
You’d better speak the truth. 你最好说实话。
In this passage the writer is speaking his own convictions.
在这段文章里，作者表达出自己的坚定信念。
The tower clock speaks night.
塔楼大钟的钟声报着夜晚的来临。
18.If we work together, we might come up with a very good story.
如果我们一起努力，我们会想出一个好故事。
come up with想出（计划、回答），提出；赶上
He couldn't come up with an answer.
他答不上来。
He couldn't come up with an appropriate answer just at the time.
那时他想不出一个合适的答案。
I’ll come up with you soon.我很快会赶上你的。
Come up 被提出
The question hasn’t come up yet.这个问题还没有被提出来。
19.On her way to her grandmother’s she meets an alien who takes her for a ride in his spaceship.
在去祖母家的路上，她遇到了一个外星人，他带她乘着自己的飞船去兜风。
take…for a ride 带人去兜风
I’m free this afternoon. Could you please take me for a ride in your car？
今天下午我有空。你能用你的车带我去兜一兜风吗？
[语法快餐]
情态动词（3）-----must, can/could, may/might
这些情态动词常用来表示推测。
1.must 用于肯定句，作“准是； 一定是；肯定是；想必是”解，对当前发生的情况作出非常肯定的推测。
must 用来表示有把握的肯定推测(否定推测用 can't，不能用 mustn't)其推测原因往往是根据某项客观存在的条件产生的。
The man talking to the students in the classroom must be a teacher.
正在教室里和同学们谈话的人一定是位老师。
2.can't 或 couldn't 作“不可能，想必不会”解，以对当前发生的事作出否定的推测，表示出惊异，怀疑的情绪。
He can't be waiting for us at the school gate since he is ill.
他不可能在校门口等我们，因为他病了。
3.might,may,could 用于肯定句，但它表示一种不太肯定的说法。译成“也许；可能”。这几个词同 must 相比，表示“无客观条件线索”的推测。
She might (may, could)be in the classroom.
也许她在教室里。

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