Unit 18
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Warming up
1.Look at the map of China and the names of countries, islands and seas beyond China. What are the positions of the different places and waters in relation to China?
beyond China 除中国外 beyond 的用法如下：
1)除了；除…以外
I didn’t notice anything beyond his rather strange accents.
除了他那颇为古怪的口音以外，我没注意到别的。
2)越出…范围；超越；为…所不能及
The bicycle is beyond repair.
这辆自行车已不能修理了。
After 25 years the town center has changed beyond recognition.
25年后，市中心已变得认不出来了。
The news is beyond belief.
这一消息令人难以置信。
Her skill as a musician is beyond praise.
这位音乐家的技巧令人赞叹不已。
The result is beyond his hopes.
这一结果令他始料未及。
3)迟于、超过（某一时间）
It won’t go on beyond the midnight.
这不会持续到午夜以后。
4)在…的远处，向…的远处
The house is beyond the bridge.
房屋在桥的那一边。
相关短语：be beyond sb.使某人难以想象、理解、估计
It’s beyond me why she wants to marry Jim.
How people design computer games is beyond me.
in (with )relation to China 关于中国
relation 的用法如下：
1)(抽象)关系（=relationship）（不可数）
the relation between cause and effect因果关系
in(with)relation to that affair关于那件事
an answer with no relation to the question与问题无关的答复
bear no relation to something同某事无关
2）(具体）关系（常用复数）；利害关系；国际关系
the foreign relations of a country国家的对外关系
have business relations with a person同某人有商业来往
3）亲属；亲戚（可数）（=relative）
a poor relation 穷亲戚
a close/near/distant relation of mine我的一个近亲、远亲
2 The East China Sea lies to the east of Zhejiang Province.
China lies/is in the east of Asia.（在范围之内）
Canada lies/is on the north of America.（接壤）
Japan lies /is to the east of China.（不接壤、在范围之外）
East /south/west/north of A lies/is B A的东南西北有一个B
North of the school lie/are two shops.
South of the toilet lies/is a post office.
N---Adj N---Adj
East-eastern west-western-westerner(N)
north-northern south-southern
northeast-northeastern southwest-southwestern
northwest-northwestern southeast-southeastern
Speaking
1.Where is your great-grandfather on your father’s side from?
On your father’s side 意思是“父系的、父亲的”
My aunt on my mother’s side我的姨妈
A cousin on my father’s side 父系的表亲
Reading
1.New Zealand is an island that lies off the eastern coast of Australia.

注意：on the coast 与off the coast 两者的意思都是“靠近岸边”,但前者表示“在岸上”；后者表示“在海上”。
1)off 意为“离、距”
The town is five miles off.这里离城五英里。
They were sailing two miles off shore.他们在离岸两英里的海上航行。
The holidays are not far off.离假期不远了。
May Day is only a week off.离“五一”节只有一星期了。
2)off 还可解释为“靠近
The restaurant is just off the main road.这家饭店就在主干道旁边。
2.It is made up of two large islands…
be made up of…由…组成， 其主动形式为 “ make up”
This class is made up of 65 students.
65 students make up this class.
make up 的其他意思
Make up a story/a dialogue(=create a dialogue)编故事、编对话
Make up a list造表，列表
She likes making up before leaving.在走之前，她总是化一下妆。
Make up (for)the loss弥补损失
Shake hands and make it up握手言归于好。
Make up one’s mind下定决心
Make up a bundle of old clothes for the flood victims为水灾受难者整理出一包旧衣服
3.New Zealand is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean to the north and east…
Vt surround …with/by…
He woke up and found himself surrounded by several children.他醒来发现自己身边围着几个孩子。
They have surrounded the town with troops.他们出动军队包围了该城。
The house is surrounded by/with a wall.这所房子周围有一道围墙。
N a fireplace with a tiled surround 周围镶有瓷砖的壁炉
Adj York and the surrounding country 约克城及其近郊
N(pl) surroundings
Live in comfortable surroundings.生活在舒适的环境里。]
The hospital is in beautiful surroundings.这所医院环境优美。
4.It rains quite a lot.=It rains much.=It rains a great deal
5.More than 120 years later, Captain James Cook took possession of the islands in 1769 and from that time British people started to settle in New Zealand.
Possession
1) 所有、拥有、占有（不可数）
get possession of sth 取得某物
The players fought for possession of the ball. 队员们争取对求得控制。
2）所有物、占有物、财产（可数）
my personal possessions我个人的财产
a man of great possessions 富翁
3）领地、属地、殖民地
Most of Britain’s possessions overseas are now independent countries.
大不列颠以前的许多殖民地现在已成为独立国家了
相关词组：
take possession of sth.=占有、成为所有者
You can’t take possession of the house until all the papers are signed.不到所有证件签好字，你不能搬到那所房子里住。
take possession of sth=come into possession of sth=enter into possession of sth占有某物
come into possession of sth占有某物
On her father’s death, she came into possession of a vast fortune.
他在父亲死后继承大量财产。
come into sb’s possession被某人占有
in possession of sth 占有控制
in the possession of sb=in sb’s possession （某物）被某人占有
Their opponents were in possession of the ball for most of the match.
他们的对手在比赛的大部分时间里控制着球。
Fight for /win/get possession of the ball.争球
The possession of a passport is essential for foreign travel.
去国外旅行需持有护照。
V possess 拥有，占有，具有（品质、才能等），控制，支配
He possesses 2 cars.他有两辆车。
Does he possess the necessary patience to do the job well?
他有做好这项工作必备的耐心吗？
She was possessed by jealousy.她妒火中烧。
Adj possessive
The child was very possessive with his toys.这个孩子把玩具把得紧紧的。（不与他人分享）
Possessive parents 让子女唯命是从的父母
settle vi , vt
1)在某国等殖民 ；安定、定居、安家落户
The Dutch settled in South Africa.
荷兰人在非洲殖民。
Settle in New York在纽约定居
After years of travel, we decided to settle here.我们旅行多年后，决定再次定居。
Settle in London/in Canada/in the country/near the coast在伦敦、加拿大、乡村、沿海安家
2）停息、停留
The bird settled on a branch.那只鸟落在树枝上了。
The dust has settled on everything.到处都是积尘。
The cold has settled on my chest.我患感冒已引起我胸部不适（咳）
3)settle sb/sth使…平静、镇静或放松
This pill will help to settle your nerves.你吃了这片药神经就不那么紧张了。
He had been quite anxious, but I managed to settle his mind.
他原来很着急，我总算把他的情绪稳定下来了。
Wait until all the excitement has settled.等到激动情绪平静下来再说。
4）解决、调停
settle a question
Nothing is settled yet.什么也没定下来。
You should settle your affairs before you leave.你应该把你的事处理好再走。
5)整理、料理
settle a room 整理房间
6) settle down
Wait until the children settle down before you start the lesson.等学生都静下心来再开始上课。
After all the excitement things have begun to settle down again.
经过这些激烈事情后，一切又都平静下来了。
The chairman tried to settle the audience down.
主席尽力让听众静下来。
She settled down in an armchair to read her book.
他舒服地坐在沙发上看书。
7)settle (down)to sth安下心来
The constant interruptions stopped me from settling (down)to my work.
我受到不断干扰，无法定下心来工作。
Adj settled 不变的 lead a more settled life 过着安定些的生活live(lead)a happy/hard/quite/miserable/comfortable/unhealthy life
N: settlement settler殖民者，定居者
6.Around 1421, Chinese sailors discovered the islands on one of their voyages around the world.
n. make a voyage across Atlantic 作横越大西洋的航行
go on a voyage from A to B 由A航行前往B
on the outward/homeward voyage 在出航途/返航途中
v. voyage across the Indian Ocean作穿越印度洋的航行
voyage through space 航天飞行
7.By 1840 about 2000 Europeans, mainly British, had come to settle in New Zealand and the Maori signed an agreement with these settlers.
Sign an agreement签约 break an agreement 破坏、不遵守协议
By agreement 依约、同意 come to /reach/arrive at/make an agreement with sb 与某人达成协议
In agreement with按照,与…一致,符合
I’m quite in agreement with what you say. =I quite agree with what you say.我十分同意你所说的话。
8.What do the words in bold refer to ?
be in bold(type)粗体字
bold plans大胆的计划
a bold scheme to rebuild the city center重建城市中心的大胆计划
the bold outline of a mountain against the sky天空衬托出山的清楚轮廓
(as) bold as brass厚颜无耻
She came in, bold as brass, and asked me to lend him $50.
refer to :
1)提及；谈到；指
Don’t refer to that again.不要再提这件事了。
2)参考、参照；查阅
Refer to a dictionary about it.关于这一点查查字典吧。
The speaker often referred to his notes.演讲者说话时常常要看稿子。
3)有关、关系到
What I have to say refer to all of you.我要说的事和你们大家都有关。
Language study
1.They are going to invite me to dinner…
Invite sb to dinner/a palace ball/a concert/a party
2.It is only a matter of time before they will discover that John has left.
A matter of… …的问题
A matter of time/money/life and death 时间/金钱/生死攸关的问题
It’s only a matter of time whether they can succeed.
Integrating skills
1. New Zealand has a population of about 3.8 million people, of which about fourteen percent are Maori.新西兰人口大约有三百八十万，其中约百分之十四是毛利人。
有关population
What’s the population of China?中国的人口有多少？
China has a population of a thousand million.=It’s a thousand million.中国有十亿人口。
China has the largest population in the world. 世界上中国的人口最多。
The population of Canada is small.加拿大人口少。
The population of Jiangsu province is large.江苏省的人口多。
The population of developed countries are mostly workers.
发达国家的人多半是工人。
2.New Zealand wine is of hign quality….
1）be of +n.(表种类、年龄、颜色、形状、价格等)名词前常用a(n),the same, different等修饰
be of …age( color, shape, type, size, etc.)
Those cars are of a dark grey. 这些小汽车都是深灰色。
The two rooms are of a size (of the same size).这两个房间一样大。
The two computers are of the same type.这两台电脑是同一类型的。
We are of the same age.我们年龄相同。
They were both of middle height.他们两人都是中等个儿。
2）be of +抽象名词 == be+名词相对应的形容词
What you learned from the report is of importance.
= is important.
His advice is of great value to me.=His advice is very valuable to me.
His friends are of help to him.=His friends are helpful to him.
English is of great use.=English is very useful.
It was of no use to him.=It was useless to him.
3. Some farmers have turned to keeping deer…有些农场主已转向了养鹿…
1)turn to 意为“转向”
He turned to the study of medicine.他转向学医了。
After she left the university, she became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.大学毕业后，他先当了老师，但后来转行，干新闻工作了。
2)求助于
He has nobody she can turn to.他求助无门。
He is the person to whom people can turn in difficult times.他是人们在困难时可以求助的人。
The child turned to his mother for comfort.那孩子向母亲寻求安慰。
The more depressed he got, the more he turned to drink.他情绪越低越是借酒浇愁。
3)向；朝向；转弯
The road turned to the left.这条路向左拐弯。
4)手工作，开始行动
It’s time we turned to.该是我们着手工作的时候了。
5)翻到
Please turn to Page 20.请翻到第二十页。

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