（三）语言训练课
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Ⅰ教具 投影仪。
Ⅱ课堂教学设计
1. 教师检查课文复述。
2. 教师从本单元词语中选择部分常用词语，配以例句介绍给学
生。要求学生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评，订正。
1） damage n./v.
The earthquake caused great damage to the city.
The bridge was badly damaged by the flood.
Soft wood damages easily.
2)pollute/pollution
Many rivers and lakes have been polluted by industrial waste.
The new law will reduce pollution of the air.
3)fit/be fit for
The dress fitted her perfectly.
You look very fit ,Mike.
He is not fit to be a member of this club.
It would be months before he was fit the job.
4)cause n./v.
What was the cause of these misunderstandings?
What caused to changed his mind?
Do you think this will cause a lot of trouble?
5)pour
I poured the milk from the bottle into the cups.
It was pouring all night.
6)die out
This kind of bird is dying out.
Tigers would die out if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
7)separately/separate
The headmaster wished to see the boys separately.
Are they joined together or separate?
Those are separate problems and cannot be handled in the same manner.
The river Tweed separates England and Scotland.
8)so that
Speak clearly so that they may understand you.
He looked down so that she should not see his eyes.
3.书面表达练习
中文提示（用投影片打出）：高二（5）班分两组搞社会调查（social survey）.第一组来到一个村庄，那里办了一个小化工厂，但没注意环境（environment）保护，环境遭到破坏，村民没有富起来，不少人还得了病。另一组来到一个很远的山村，那里也办了一个小工厂，但几乎没有污染。村民们种了很多树，想了很多办法，这里空气清新，水也干净。同学们回来后，一致认为污染必须得到治理、
英文提示（用投影片打出）：separate; chemical; damage; polluted; pollution; protect; area
将首句给出：The students of Class 5,Senior Grade2 were divided into two separate groups to have their social survey.
七八分钟后，请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。
One possible version:
The students of Class 5,Senior Grade 2 were divided into two separate groups to have their social survey.One group came to a village where there was a small chemical factory.The villagers did not pay enough attention to environmental protection,and a lot of damage had been done to their evironment.They did not become rich. And what was worse ,many of them had become sick because of the polluted air and water.Another group came to a mountain village which was far away .There they found the villagers also had their small factories.But there was hardly any pollution in that area. The villagers had planted lots of trees and they had done everything they could to protect the environment.
4.教师用投影仪打出以下表格，组织学生两人一组，利用课文中提供的信息，根据要求逐一填写。
Say something about the damage that is caused to the world by pollution,using the information from the reading comprehension .Try to present possible ways to help solve the problems.
Phenomena(现象) Causes Suggestions
EARTH The area desert is growing every year. Cattle eat grass Limit the number of the cattle
Good soil is gradually lost. Trees being cut down; strong winds blowing the valuable soil away. Plant more trees and try to protect them.
AIR Air is being polluted. Factories, power stations and cars produce a lot of waste. A lot of things have to be done to reduce pollution. New laws should be passed and people should realize how serious the problem is.
A lot of people died from polluted air in both Russia and India. There were serious accidents that polluted the air.
Trees in the forests are destroyed and fish in the lakes are killed. Chemical rain
WATER In some places it’s no longer safe for swimming ,nor is it safe to eat the fish.
Factories and cities produce a lot of waste. 同上（也可启发学生得出自己的见解）
Lake Baikal,which used to be cleanest in the word ,is now polluted. Waste produced from a chemical factory.
ANIMALS Many f the animals are dying out. Man kills the animals for food. Man also destroys the places where animals used to live. Laws should be passed to protect the animals.
（斜体部分为参考答案，可不向学生展示）
七八分钟后，请同学在班上交流，教师予以讲评，并鼓励学生将自己整理的内容连成短文。
5.布置作业1）预习第10单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。
四、难句分析
1.It was called “Saving the earth”and it was all about the damage that is being caused to the world.它（指会议）被称为“拯救地球”大会，讨论有关对世界造成的破坏的问题。
That is being caused to the world 是定语从句，修饰先行词damage。从句使用了现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为:am/is/are+being+v（过去分词。）例如：
There is something wrong with the piano. And it is now being repaired by a friend of my father’s .钢琴出了点毛病，现在正被我父亲的一个朋友修理。
The lecture that is being given by Dr. White is about ways of giving first aid .怀特医生正在做的演讲是有关施行急救的方法问题。
2.If the population keeps growing so quickly ,there will only be standing room left for us next century.如果人口不断迅速增长，那么到下世纪，我们将只有立足之地了。
句中的keep是及物动词，后面可接-ing形式，构成keep doing sth.的结构，意为：继续做某事。例如：
He kept working till midnight though he was very tired.虽然他累了，他还是连续工作到半夜。
Keep on 后也可接-ing形式，其意思与keep doing相同，但在意思上更强调重复性和决心，有时可互换。例如：
He keep on phoning me ,and I really don’t want to talk to him.他不断地给我打电话，可我实在不想和他说话。
Whatever happens ,keep on trying .不管发生什么事，继续试下去。
3.When trees are cut down ,there is nothing to hold the soil in place on the hillside.树木被砍伐了，山坡上就没有什么东西能够把土壤保持住了。
Hold在句中相当于keep的意思，：使处于某种状态或位置，后面接复合宾语，可以有灵活的译法。例如：
They held their heads up and walked out of the hall.他们昂起头，走出了大厅。
Please hold yourself still while I take your photograph.我给你拍照的时候，请不要动。
He held a cigarette between his lips.他嘴上叼着香烟。
Her speech held the audience silent.她的演讲使全场听众鸦雀无声。
He held his hands at his side.他双手叉着腰。
In place意为：在原来的地方。句中to hold the soil in place直译是：使土壤保留在原来的地方。再如：
She likes everything to be in place.她喜欢一切东西放在原来的位置。
I hope you’ll keep the books in place.我希望你把书放归在原位。
4.It is said that 125 000 people died in Russia as a result of illnesses caused by this accident.据说，在俄罗斯有125 000人由于这次事故引起的疾病而死亡。
这是一个由形式主语it引起的句子，其句型是：
It is said/thought /believed/hoped/estimated……；据估计……等，相当于People/say/think/believe/hope/estimate+that clause的意思。本句可改为：People say that 125000 people died in Russia as a result of illnesses caused by this accident.但不如课文中的原句自然。再请看以下例句：
It is said that he is going abroad next month.据说他下个月要出国。
It is estimated that over300 000people took part in the celebration.据估计有30万人参加了庆祝活动。
It is reported that the conference will be held on March 15.据报道，会议将于3月15召开。
5.Now ,however,the waters of this great lake ,which is also the world’s deepest(over 1740 metres), have been dirtied by waste from a chemical factory.然而，如今这个大湖也是世界上最深的湖（1740多米）——湖水已经被一家化工家的废物污染了。
Water在指一般意义上的“水”时，是不可数名词，通常不用复数形式。例如：
Fish live in water.鱼儿生活在水中。
We use water for drinking and washing.我们饮水并用它来洗东西。
但当water指海水、湖水、河水、矿泉水或者指海域等，通常要用复数形式。例如：
Four or five miles to the east of them lay the blue waters of Lake Michigan.在它们东面四五英里的地方是一望无际的蓝色密执安湖水。
People used to go to that place to take the waters .人们过去常去那里弄些矿泉水。
Dirty可以用作动词，意为：弄脏（vt.）;变脏（vi.）例如：
Don’t dirty your new dress,别把你的新衣服弄脏了。（及物动词）
White shoes dirty very quickly.白鞋子很快就脏了。（不及物动词）
6.There are many reasons for animals dying out ,but the most important one is the part that humans have played.动物的绝种有许多原因，而最重要的原因在于人类所起的作用。
Animals dying out是n./pron.+-ing 结构，在句中作介词for的宾语。
短语动词die out 意为：绝种；熄灭，有“不复存在”的意思。例如：
As a result ,this kind of bird has almost died out.结果是，这种鸟现在几乎绝迹了。
The firemen came ,and the fire died out in half an hour.消防队员来了，半个小时后火就灭了。
The part that humans have played(人类所起的作用)，是由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the part.短语动词play a part意为：起作用。例如：
The workers have played an important part in the development of production。工人们在发展生产力方面起了重要的作用。
The part that women played during the war was great .战争期间妇女所起的作用是巨大的。

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