非谓语动词用法讲座---动名词
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动词的---ing形式有时在用法上相当于名词，因此叫做动名词，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
一、主语
Reading is learning, but using is also learning.
Seeing is believing.
It’s interesting planning a holiday.
但是表语形容词是important, necessary等时，只能用不定式，如：
It’s important to learn English by using it.
动名词复合结构作主语时，逻辑主语不论是名词还是代词，常用属格，如：
Her going there won’t do any harm.
It is no use Mary’s pretending that she didn’t know the rules.
二、表语(表示主语的内容)
Seeing is believing.
Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.
What she hated most was resting at home and doing nothing.
My job is teaching English.
注意：有时不定式作表语可以表示将来时，如：
We are to go to the new museum for a visit tomorrow.
区别的诀窍是表语不定式可以和主语对调，如：
Teaching English is my job.
三、宾语
1． 只接动名词作宾语的动词有：be used to, consider, delay,. dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, keep (on), look forward to, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, pardon, risk, suggest, permit, allow, forbid, advise, set about等。
I can’t risk missing the train.
I don’t mind Jane/ Jane’s buying another one.
2．接动名词和不定式作宾语都可以的动词有：
1) 动名词和不定式意义基本一致的动词：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, prefer, need, want, deserve等；
Jack loves listening / to listen to pop music.
My hair needs cutting.= My hair needs to be cut.
2) 动名词和不定式意义有些差别的动词：remember, forget, try, help,mean, stop, go on等。
I remember posting the letter.
I will remember to post the letter.
I’ve quite forgotten putting it there.
I forgot to put it there.
He tried to write better.
He tried writing better with a brush.
I couldn’t help finishing reading the book.
I’m sorry I can’t help finish doing the job.
Do you mean to tell me you didn’t post it?
If you didn’t do it, it will mean waiting for a long time.
They stopped talking.
They stopped to talk.
He went on pointing out mistakes in the paper.
He went on to point out mistakes in the paper.
注意：regret的用法。
He regretted missing(= having missed = to have missed) the last train.
四、定语（表示被修饰的名词的性能或用途）
freezing point, living room, sleeping car, waiting room, dining room, writing dest, walking stick, washing machine, smoking room等。
注意：a singing bird中的singing现在分词，表示被修饰的名词的动作。
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