| 非谓语动词用法讲座---过去分词 |
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二、过去分词 及物动词的过去分词具有被动意义，不及物动词具有主动意义，表示已经发生过的事情。如： The bird caught yesterday is a swallow. Look at the fallen leaves. Oh, there are still falling leaver over there. 1．表语 可以作表语的过去分词较多，如amused, annoyed, astonished, attracted, bored, broken, closed, completed, connected, covered, crowded, decided, delighted, disappointed, discouraged, dressed, drunk, encouraged, embarrassed, excited, experienced, fascinated, finished, frightened, gone, injured, interested, inspired, known, lined, lost, married, moved, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, seated, shocked, shut, stationed, surprised, surrounded, tired, upset, worried等。 The door remained locked. Marry seemed worried at the news. 2．宾补 作宾补的过去分词一般来自及物动词，表示被动和完成的状态。能接过去分词作宾补的动词有： 1） 表示感觉和心理活动的动词：see, hear, watch, feel, think等。 Everyone thought the battle lost. We found her greatly changed. 2） 表示“使役”的动词：make, get, have, keep等。 She made it known that she had bought a new car. Jane got her bad tooth pulled out. I have my hair cut every month. King Louis XIV had his head cut off in the revolution. Let’s keep the door closed. 3） 表示“希望，要求”的动词：like, would like, want, wish等。 I want the book (to be) returned before Friday. He won’t like such questions (to be) discussed at the meeting. The readers wished the story (to be)continued. I’d like the egg well done. 3．主语和宾语 名词化的过去分词，如the wounded，可以作主语和宾语。 The oppressed will rise up in no time. They have sent the wounded to hospital. The old worker often helps the inexperienced. 4．定语 1）前置定语 及物动词的过去分词具有被动意义，不及物动词具有主动意义，表示已经发生过的事情。 All the broken windows have been repaired. a closed shop, an honoured guest, a defeated army, an unbroken record, a badly-built house, a newly-published book, highly-developed industries, man-made satellites, hand-made products, the risen sun, the fallen flowers. 注意：（1）有些过去分词可以由very或too修饰，还可以用于比较，如well-built, disappointed, well-dressed, excited, frightened, interested, limited, pleased, relaxed, satisfied, su rprised, tired, unexpected, unsettled, worried等。 （2）但是有些过去分词不能受very或too修饰，必须用very much, greatly, well, completely, half, hardly等修饰。如： It’s a well/hardly/half finished job. 2）后置定语 多用过去分词短语。 This novel is the best of its kind ever written. He is a man loved by all. I hate to read letters written in pencil. 请比较：You’re invited to the party to be given next Sunday. 5．状语 多来自及物动词，修饰主句谓语动词，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语。 1）原因状语 常放于句首 Filled with excitement, this is more than a novel about war. The children, worn out, fell asleep at once. Deeply moved by his words, Dr. Simpson agreed to go with him. 2）时间或条件状语 Heated, water changes into steam..(=When/If water is heated…) United, we stand; divided, we fall. 3) 伴随状语 The boys watched the program, fascinated. She sat at her desk, lost in thought. 注意：过去分词作状语时，前面往往带when, if, while, though, as if，这样就能使过去分词结构所表示的意义更加明确，这一结构可以看作是省略句，省略的是“主语+be”，主语必须与主句的主语相同。 If/When heated, water changes into steam. Though surrounded, the soldiers were not discouraged. Even if invited, I won’t go. He stood there still, as if absorbed in the beautiful sight. 总 表 主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾补 状语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ 分词 √ √ √ √ 相关链接：教学论文
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