Unit 3 Australia
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Teaching objectives and demands:
1. Words and expressions:
camp; ash; ashtray; dirt; valley; kangaroo; beyond; fix up; cave; thirst; sun burnt; aborigines; system; spiritual; faith; hand down; elder; curiously; underground; starve; rather than; thus; percentage; give birth to; precious; fence; dingo; task; found up; outdoors; shave; argue; Italian
2. Daily expressions in communication (warnings and suggestions):
Make sure you put out the fire properly.
Don’t walk around without a sun hat.
Don’t drive past cars that have stopped in the bush without stopping.
Pour water on the ashes.
Close the farm gates behind you.
3. Grammar: -ing form used as subject and object.
4. Language use: the students are supposed to learn something about the history of Australia and the evilness of colonialism.
Time arrangement: 5periods
Lesson 9
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
1) Check the homework exercises.
2) Find out how much the Ss know about Australia.
Where is Australia in relation to China? (South)
Is it a continent? (Yes)
Which language is spoken there? (English, and other languages.)
What is the name of the big rock in the center of the country? (Ayers Rock)
What’s the capital? (Canberra)
What’s the largest city? (Sydney)
What important event happened in Sydney? (27th Olympic Games)
Step 2. Presentation
SB Page 13, Part 1. Teach the new words camp, ash, ashtray, valley. Point out the structure go camping and ask for other examples of activities and sports which use this structure. go shopping/ swimming/sailing/riding on a horse/ boating/ climbing.
Step 3. Listening
Now listen to the dialog and find out the answers to these questions:
How many people are in the party? (Five)
Where do they decide to make their camp? (In the bush, near a river and some trees)
Step 4. Reading and explanations
Now get the students to read the dialogue in pairs and underline the difficulties and the key points that they think. Go through the key and difficult points with the students if any.
Notes:
a. dirt track: a rough track which you can drive on.
b. There is a kangaroo: Kangaroos grow to a large size and are big enough to damage a car badly. Many cars and trucks have bars fitted to the front of the vehicle to protect their headlights (called roo bars; roo is short for kangaroo).
Language points:
1.“go + doing”的含义
“go + doing”结构表示“去干某事”的意思，多指去从事与体育、娱乐有关的活动。
Why don't you go shopping tomorrow? 为什么你明天不去买东西？
She was always ready to go skating, walking.她随时准备去滑冰，散步。
If you go eating those green apples you will make yourself ill. 如果你吃生苹果，
Go nutting （去采坚果） / go shrimping（去捕虾）
表示“从事某种职业”
After graduation from high school they went soldiering.中学毕业后他们去当兵。
When she grew up, she went nursing. 她长大后从事保育员工作。
Go farming / go nursing / go soldiering / go teaching
2.We can stop here on the right beyond the tree.
A．beyond在此处意为“在……之外”，“在……的那边”。例如：
1)The road is beyond the hill.路在山那边。
2)The house is beyond the bridge.房子在桥那边。
B．beyond还可表示“超出(能力范围)”、“无法……”的意思。例如：
1)It's beyond human power.那是人力所不及的。
2)They are beyond the government's control.他们超出了政府控制的范围。
C．beyond用作副词，可表示“再过去”、“再往前”、“那边”的意思。例如：There's nothing beyond．那边什么都没有。
3. fix up的用法
1）短语动词fix up意为搭起，安装，收拾，修理。如：
That night they fixed up a bamboo bed for him in the front room在前屋搭竹床过夜。He fixed up the broken chair. 他修理破椅子。
They are busy fixing up the lights. 他们忙于安装电灯。
2)fix up还作“安排住处”，“确定”，“解决”，“安排”解。如：
We fixed him up in a small hotel. 我们把他安排在一家小旅馆里。
Let's fix up a time that suits everybody. 让我们确定一个大家都适合的时间。
I've fixed up a visit to the theatre next Friday.我安排下周五去听音乐会。
4. die of和 die from的用法
短语动词die of和die from都表示“因……而死”，“死于……”，但die of常指由于疾病、情感等原因造成的死亡，die from一般指除疾病、情感之外的原因造成的死亡。如：
The old woman died of grief soon after her husband's death. 老太太在丈夫去世后不久因悲伤而死。
Her sister died of lung cancer.她姐姐死于肺癌。
What did this old man die of?这老人因何病而死？
The soldier died from a chest wound. 战士因胸部受伤致死。
In a cold winter, many wild animals can die from lack of food. 在严寒的冬天，很多野生动物可能因缺乏食物而死去。
▲含有die的短语动词还有die out（熄灭，绝种，不复存在），die down （平息，熄灭）等。如：
Many old customs are gradually dying out.许多旧风俗逐渐消亡。
This kind of bird is dying out. 这种鸟正在绝种。
The fire is dying down. Please get more coal. 火要熄灭了。请再加点煤。
When the cheering had died down, the Prime Minister began his speech.欢呼声静下来后，首相开始演说。
Step 5. Practice
SB P13, Part 2. Tell the students this part is compiled to practice the expressions of expressing warnings. Get the students to match the two parts in the boxes. Pick up students to yell out their sentences.
Step 6. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 9, Exx.2 and 3. Get the students to do the exercises individually and then check the answers with the students. Answers: See Wb P153.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 9 in the workbook.
(2) Preview the next lesson, and look up the item “Kooris” in an encyclopedia or in the web.
Lesson 10 The Discovery of Australia
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the key points of Lesson 9.
Step 2. Pre-reading report
Pick out some students to report to the class their research in the encyclopedia or the web.
Step 3. Scanning
Now get the students to read the text and answer the following questions:
① Where did the first Australia come from?
② What did Kooris use for hunting?
③ How many languages were once spoken in Australia?
Step 4. Scanning
Tell the students to read the text more carefully to find out the specific information. Answer the questions in Exercise 1 on P153 in the workbook. Pick out some students to answer the questions.
Step 5. Language points
1. be known as…的用法及其它同类短语
be known as…意为“以……知名”，“被认为是……”。如：
Professor Wang is known as an authority on Shakespeare.
王教授被认为是研究莎士比亚的权威。
Jack's father is known as a successful architect.
杰克的父亲被认为是一位成功的建筑师。
Lu Xun is known as a great writer as well as a great thinker.
鲁迅不但被认为是一位伟大的思想家，而且是一位伟大的作家。
Is he known as a poet or novelist? 他被认为是诗人还是小说家？
【注意】请注意be known as与be known to的区别，前者作“被认为是”解，后者意为“为……所知”。如：
The use of gunpowder was known to the Chinese before the Europeans.
中国人懂得使用火药在欧洲人之前。
The man is known to the police. 这个人的情况警察是了解的。
【注意】注意be known for与be known to的区别。to作“对……”解，to后面的人对主语的内容是了解的；for表示对主语之所以闻名的原因，故解释为“因……而众所周知。”如：
He is known for his readiness to help others. 大家都知道他乐于助人。（或：他以乐于助人而闻名）
Suzhou is known for its beautiful gardens.苏州以美丽的园林而闻名。
2. Their spiritual faith and their gods were very important to them, and knowledge, customs and memories were handed down by the elders of the race.
他的宗教信仰和他们所信奉的神对他们来说是非常重要的；他们的知识、风俗习惯以及他们所怀念的事情都是由他们种族的长辈传下来的。
句中的短语动词 hand down (= pass down) 作“相传”、“传给”解，意思是“（从上代）传下来(给后代)”。例如：
The old house has been handed down for three generations.已经传了三代了。
This custom has been handed down since the 18th century. 从18世纪传下来的。
In poor families, clothes may be handed down from one child to the next.
在穷苦人家，一个小孩穿过的衣服会传给另一个年龄较小的穿。
含有hand的短语动词还有 hand in（交来，交上去），hand back（交还），hand out（散发给大家）hand over（移交）等。如：
Each student has to hand in a composition once a week.每周得交一次作文。
The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson.
Please remember to hand back your room key before leaving the hotel.
离开旅馆前请勿忘记交还房间钥匙。
3. They invented different kinds of fishing nets, also a curiously shaped piece of wood for hunting which could be thrown and which would return to the thrower if it did not strike anything. 他们发明了各种各样的渔网，还发明了一种用木头制成的形状奇特的捕猎器，这种捕猎器可以投掷出去，如果没有击中目标，它又会回到投掷者手中来。
在 a curiously shaped piece of wood （一块形状奇特的木头） 这个短语中，shaped 是动词 shape(使成......形状)的过去分词，作定语，修饰后面的 piece of wood。这种作定语的过去分词前，还可以带副词作状语，如这个短语中的 curiously。下面是几个类似的例子：
a widely used language 一种广泛使用的语言
a wrongly pronounced sound 一个发错了的音
a newly discovered island 一个新近发现的岛屿
a hastily written letter 一封匆忙写成的信
highly praised deeds 受到高度赞扬的行为
4. They live by hunting animals, birds and fish,…
live by意为“以……为生”， by后接动名词，表示方式； live on也作“以……为生”解释，但on后接名词，表示主语主要吃什么，即主食是什么或表示主语的收入。如：
They lived by fishing and hunting. 他们靠渔猎为生。
The six Indian blind men lived by begging.这六个印度盲人靠乞讨为生。
People in the south live on rice. 南方人以大米为主食。
Plants live on minerals from the earth.植物靠土壤里的矿物质维持生命。
I don't know what he lives on. 我不知道他靠什么过活。
They lived on a small income.他们靠微薄的收入维持生活。
5.They became experienced at finding underground springs.他们对寻找地下泉水逐渐有了经验。
be / become experienced at sth. / doing sth. 对某事/做某事有经验。短语中的 at 也可以用 in. 形容词 experienced （有经验的）也可以作定语。例如：
She is an experienced teacher. 她是一位有经验的教师。
They were quite experienced at teaching beginners.他们教初学者很有经验。
He is very experienced at repairing cars.他修理汽车很有经验。
He is quite experienced in this kind of work.他干这类工作相当有经验。
6. Education was intended for white settlers only, and until very recently no school lessons were held in languages rather than English. 教育只是为白人殖民者而办，而且直到最近以前，还没有一所学校使用英语以外的语言进行教学。
A．rather than意为“而不是”、“与其……宁愿”。例如：
1)I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame.我认为应该责备的是汤姆，而不是你。
2)I think I'll have a cup of tea rather than coffee.我想我要喝一杯茶，而不是咖啡。
B． rather than可以和would连用，如would rather…than…或would…rather than…这时要注意“平衡”问题，即其前后必须用相同的语法单位。如：
I'd rather have the red one than(have)the green one.我宁愿要红的，不愿要绿的。
I'd take the slowest train rather than go there by air.我宁可乘坐最慢的火车也不愿坐飞机去那儿。
He would rather walk than drive. 他宁愿步行不愿开车。
I'd prefer to go in August rather than in July.我愿八月去，不愿七月去。
【注意】I'd rather +动词原形，通常意为“我宁愿……”，相当于“I'd prefer to…”，具有选择意义，即“宁愿做……不愿做”。但是，当后接动词like, enjoy, appreciate时，rather是一个程度副词，象quite和fairly一样无选择意义，所以I'd rather like不是“我宁愿喜欢”，而是“我相当（很）喜欢”。试比较下列句子：
“I'd rather like a cup of coffee.”
“Oh, would you? I'd rather have a beer. ”
“我很想来杯咖啡。”“噢，是吗？我宁愿喝杯啤酒。”
Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?你更愿意喝什么，茶还是咖啡？
He would rather enjoy seeing a film on Sundays.他很喜欢在星期天看场电影。
C在would rather前后可用不同的主语来表示某人宁愿让另一个人做某事，这时，一般用过去时来表示现在或将来要做的事。如：
“Shall I open a window? ”“I'd rather you didn't.”“我开一扇窗好吗”“你最好别开。”
Don't come tomorrow. I'd rather you came next weekend.明天别来, 希望你下周末来
I'd rather you told me the truth. 我宁愿你给我讲实话。
I'd rather you went home now. 我愿意让你现在就回家。
D. 谈到过去的动作，用过去完成时。如：
I'd rather you hadn't done that.我真希望你没做过那件事。
I'd wish you had answered the question.我真希望你回答了这个问题。
I'd rather you hadn't done that. 我希望你没做过那件事。
E. or rather更准确地说。例如：
We got home late last night, or rather, early this morning.我们昨天深夜或者说今天凌晨到家。
Education was intended for white settlers only, and until very recently no school lessons were held in languages rather than English.
Step 6. Note making
SB P15, Part 3. Get the students to point out what the words referred to. Pick out some students to tell their answers to the rest of the class.
Step 7. Oral practice
SB P15, Part 4. Divide the students into groups of four and tell them to write down that you are going to interview the Kooris. You are suggested to use the points in Part 3.
Step 8. Workbook
Get the students to do the wb exercises individually and then check the answers with the class.
Homework
Finish off the exercises of Lesson 10 in the workbook.
Lesson 11 Australia
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Ask the Ss some questions about Australia based on the text in the previous lesson.
How did the first people get to Australia?
What kind of society did the Kooris develop?
What kind of country is Australia, geographically?
Why did so many Kooris die?
In what ways were Kooris not treated as well as other citizens?
Step 2. Presentation
Write these headings on the Bb: History/ Geography/ Food / Climate / Sports / TV/ Schools/ Animals / Population / Politics/ Music
You’re going to read another text about Australia. Read the passage quickly and find out which of these subjects are mentioned in the text. (Geography/ Climate / Sports / Animals / Population)
Step 3. Reading
Tell the students to read the text carefully and answer the questions on Wb P155.
Notes:
a. Australia is as old as time: an expression for saying that Australia was born when the earth was created ( at the beginning of time)
b. One strange animal lays eggs: the duckbilled platypus, the only mammal in the world to lay eggs. It is called duck-billed because its beak (bill) is shaped like a duck’s.
c. In area it is about the same size= Its area is about the same size as … Its area is 7.6 million sq km. compared with China’s area of 9.6 million sq km.
d. Six major cities: These are Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth and Darwin.
e. Dingo: The wild dog of Australia. It has a shoulder height of about 60cm, with large pointed ears, a head like a wolf’s, long legs, and yellowish red coloring. It usually hunts by night and kills small animals and sometimes farm animals.
f. Cook meat or fish on an open fire: called a barbecue (Barbie in Australia for short)
Step 4. Language points
1. Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world. 由于同其它大陆分离已有数百万年之久，所以澳大利亚有许多动植物是世界上任何其它地方所没有的。
这个句子虽然长，却是一个简单句；主语是 Australia,谓语是 has many plants and animals.句子的前部 Having been separated ... for millions of years 是 -ing 形式的完成式被动语态短语，作状语，表示原因；句子的后部 not found anywhere else in the world 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰先行词 plants and animals.
① -ing 短语的一般式作状语，通常表示与句子中谓语同时发生的动作或状态。
ⅰ. Arriving at the village, he could not find his home. (=When he arrived at the village, he could not find his home.) 当他到达村子的时候，他找不到他的家了。
ⅱ. Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. (= When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend.) 当她在公园散步时，她看到她的一个老朋友。
ⅲ. Being blind, how could they see the elephant? (= As they were blind, how could they see the elephant?) 因为他们是瞎子，他们怎能看得见大象呢？
② -ing 短语的完成式 (having + 过去分词)作状语，表示在句中谓语之前发生的动作或状态。本句中having been separated ... for milions of years 就是这样的用法。又如：
ⅳ. Having been there many times, he offered to introduce the history of the country. (= As he had been there many times, he offered to introduce the history of the country.) 由于他多次去过那个国家，他主动提出为我们介绍那个国家的历史。
ⅴ. Having been rebuilt this way, these temples look even more beautiful. (= As / After they have been rebuilt this way, these temples look even more beautiful.) 这些寺庙经过这样重建以后，显得更加美丽了。
ⅵ. Having put up the tent, they started to cook their supper. 搭好帐蓬以后，他们就开始做晚饭。
2. In area it is about the same size as the USA (without Alaska),which has more than thirteen times as many people.(= Its area is about the same size as the USA...) 从面积上讲，它（澳大利亚）大体上相当于美国（阿拉斯加作除外），而美国的人口却是澳利亚（人口）的13倍还多。
① 句中 area 作“面积”解。介词 in在这里表示“在......方面”。例如。
The area of Australia is 7.6 million sq.km. 澳大利亚的面积是七百六十万平方公里。
China is large in area and rich in resources.中国地大物博。
The TV tower is nearly 40 metres in height. 这座电视塔的高度将近40公尺。
They built a fence 30 metres in length.他们修了一个长30米的篱笆。
② 13 times as many people 是13 times as many people as Australia has 的省略。A is ... times as + adj./adv. + as B 意思是“A是B的几倍（大小/多少/长短......）”。例如：
The number of people in that area is five times as many as that in ours.
那个地区的人口是我们这个地区（人口）的五倍。
He has worked twice as long as I have. 他干工作的时间是我的两倍。
这种...times as ...as ...的结构，在有上下文的情况下，可以简略为 ... times as large / many 。例如：
That room is 20 square metres. This room is three times as large.
那个房间是20平方米。这个房间是那个房间的三倍。
c.f. be…times as +adj./adv. (形容词或副词)+as…
be…times + adj./adv.(形容词或副词)+than…
be…times + the size of…
The newly-built reading-room is four times as big as the old one.
新建的阅览室是旧阅览室的四倍。
The newly-built reading-room is three times bigger than the old one.大三倍。
The newly-built reading-room is four times the size of the old one.四倍。
3. Two thirds of the country is dry or desert. 这个国家有三分之二的地方气候干燥，或者是沙漠。
two thirds 三分之二。表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于一时，分母序数词加 s;例如：
one third 三分之一 one sixth 六分之一 two fifths 五分之二
但“二分之一”要说 half / a half, 不说 one second;“四分之一”要说a quarter.以分数作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数，这取决于后面的名词。若这个名词是单数或是不可数名词时，谓语动词则单数（如本句），否则用复数。例如：
More than two thirds of the earth's surface is covered by water.地球表面三分之二以上为水所覆盖。
Two thirds of the money has been spent on necessary equipment.
三分之二的钱已用于必需的设备。
Two thirds of the students are from the north.三分之二的学生是北方人
4. The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a "dingo". 这个栅栏是用来阻止一种叫"dingo"的野狗进来。
keep out 不使入内。例如：
Danger! keep out! 危险！ 切勿入内！
They closed all the windows to keep out the cold. 关上所有的窗子不让冷气进来。
We put a fence round the vegetable garden to keep the chickens out.
我们用篱笆把菜围起来，不让小鸡进来。
5. Farms in the middle of Australia are so large that farmers use motor bikes or helicopters for the task of rounding up the sheep or cattle. (= ... farmers use motor bikes or helicopters to drive animals together.) 澳大利亚中部的农场很大，农场主得用摩托车或直升飞机赶羊或赶牛。
短语动词 round up 作“使聚集”、“把......赶拢来”(to collect animals / people by driving them together)解。例如：
The sheepdog rounded up the sheep and drove them through the gate.
牧羊狗把羊群集中到一起，赶进栅门。
Round up the whole class; it's time to go back to the school. 把全班学生集中起来；
Round (vt.)意为使……成圆形，绕过，拐（弯）。如：
His shoulders are rounded from much study.他由于学习太用功肩膀都弯了。
6. If you are asked to an Australian home, you will probably eat outside and cook meat or fish on an open fire. 如果你被邀请去澳大利亚人的家里作客，你很可能会在户外进餐， 并在火上烤肉或烤鱼。
此句中的 outside 是副词，相当于这段中的另一个副词outdoors，作“在户外”解。又如：
He seldom eats his meals inside. He often eats outside. 他很少在室内吃饭。他经常在室外吃。
Don't always stay inside. Go outside into the sunshine.不要老是呆在屋里。到外面阳光下走走。
Step 5. Practice---- grammar revision
SB P17, Part 2~5,
Step 6. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 11, Ex. 2~3. Get the students to do the three exercises and then check the answers with the students if time permits. Answers: See P154.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 11 in the workbook.
(2) Revise the grammar of -ing form.
Lesson 12
Teaching procedures
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the previous two lessons.
Step 2. Listening
(1) Pre-listening: Tell the students turn to Page 267 and read the instructions to get a gist of the listening passage.
(2) While-listening:
① Play the tape for the students to answer the questions.
② Check the answers with the students.
(3) Post listening activity: get the students to talk about the listening passage.
Step 3. Checkpoints
Go through Checkpoint 3 with the students. Get the students to make up sentences using the useful expressions if time permits.
Step 4. Writing
SB P18, Part 2.
Step 5. Writing
SB P18 Part 3.
Step 6. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 12. Ex. 1~3.
Homework
(1) Finish off the wb exercises of Lesson 12.
(2) Revise the key points of this unit.
(3) Writing: See Step 5.
语法基础知识
1. The v-ing form as object complement（v-ing形式作宾语补足语）
在一些动词如see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, feel, leave等后面可跟复合宾语，由一个名词或代词+v-ing形式构成v-ing形式为宾语补足语，例如：
Don't you see a girl running towards us?有个女孩向我们跑来，你没看见吗？
His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.
他的话使我摸不清到底是什么意思。
When I entered the room, I found him reading aloud. 我进屋时，发现他在朗读什么。
【比较】在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等动词后，既可用v-ing form作宾补，也可用bare infinitive（不带to的动词不定式）做宾语补足语，两者中间有些差别，用v-ing form表示宾语动作正在发生，即动作发生的过程，还没有结束；用动词不定式表示宾语动作发生了，即动作过程结束了。如：
He saw a girl getting on the tractor. 他看见一个女孩子在往拖拉机上爬。
He saw a girl get on the tractor and drive off.他看见一个女孩爬上拖拉机把它开走了。
2．The v-ing form as adverbial（V-ing形式作状语）
v-ing形式作状语通常表示四种意思：
1）表示原因，相当于一个表示原因的状语从句，多放句首，如：
Being so poor in those days, we couldn't afford to send the boy to hospital.(=As we were so poor…) 那时我们那样穷，我们没有力量送孩子上医院。
Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.(=As we didn't know her address,…) 由于不知道她的地址，我们没法和她联系。
▲这时如果v-ing表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就需要用完成形式。
Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them.
由于没有接到回信，他决定给他们再写一封信。
2）用作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，多放在句子前部。如：
Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving up.
她转过身时，看见一辆救护车开了过来。(=When she turned around,…)
▲如果-ing表示的动作完成了以后，谓语动词表示的动作才发生，需用完成形式。如：
Having watered(=After they had watered)the vegetables, they began to weed the sweet potatoes plots. 他们浇过来菜地之后，就到白薯地锄草。
3）作伴随状语，表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，和谓语动作或状态是同时发生的，一般放在句子后部。如：
They sat facing each other. 他们面对面地坐着。
They ran out, talking and laughing. 他们说着笑着跑出去。
4）表示结果状语，通常放在句子后面。如：
The bus stopped suddenly, thus causing the delay. 汽车突然停开，造成耽搁。
Her husband died last year, leaving five children with her.
去年她丈夫死了，给她丢下五个孩子。
典型例题分析
例1　 单项选择：
______ this way, these temples look even more beautiful.
A．Being rebuilt B．Having rebuilt
C．Rebuilding D．Having been rebuilt
分析　 此题中正确答案是 D(Having been rebuilt)，用的是动词-ing形式的完成式的被动语态，表示句中谓语look之前发生的动作（重建寺庙），又因为句子主语是these temples，所以要用动词-ing形式的被动语态。选项A用的是动词-ing形式一般式被动语态，不能体现时间先后，选项B用的是完成式主动语态，选项C用的是一般式主动语态，均不合题意。如：
Having been asked to stay for dinner, I couldn't very well leave. 因为被邀请留下来吃晚饭，我不好离开。
例2　 单项选择：
Suddenly there appeared a young woman ______ in white.
A．to dress B．dressed C．wearing D．worn
分析　 此题中正确答案是 B(dressed)，用的是过去分词短语dressed in white作定语，修饰先行词a young woman，表示被动意义。选项A用动词不定式作定语，不合题意，选项C和D分别用wear的-ing形式和过去分词，都不合题意，因为wear的宾语是衣物，而dress的宾语才是人。如：
English is the language most commonly used in the world. 英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言。
例3　 单项选择：
The reading room is ______ the classroom.
A．two times as big as B．twice bigger as
C．twice as big than D．twice as big as
分析　 此题中正确答案是 D(twice as big as)，表示“某物是某物的几倍大”可用“…times as big as…”或者“…times bigger than…”结构，而“两倍”要用twice而不用two times，所以其他选项均为错误。如：
He has worked twice as long as I have. 他工作的时间是我的两倍。
例4　 单句改错：
Two-thirds of the money have been spent on necessary equipment.
分析　 此题中助动词have应改为has，分数词或百分数作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于介词of后面的名词，这里money是不可数名词，是单数，所以用has而不能用have。如：
Two-fifths of the machines on display were made in our factory. 展出机器的五分之二是我们工厂生产的。
例5　 单句改错：
Running after each other in the street, a bike knocked down two boys.
分析　 此题中a bike knocked down the two boys应改为the two boys were knocked down by a bike，作状语用的动词-ing形式短语，其逻辑主语必须与句中主语为同一人或同一事。如：
Being very busy, I could not afford the time to go to the cinema. 我因太忙，抽不出时间看电影。（下句为错句：Being very busy, the film tickets were given to others. 因为句中动词-ing形式的逻辑主语和句中主语不是同一人或物）
高考真题选讲

题1　 The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.
（92年高考题）
A．to have stolen B．to be stealing C．to steal D．stealing
分析　 本题考查目标是看学生是否掌握catch sb. doing这一结构，caught在这里是过去分词做后置定语，相当于the girl who was caught stealing。例：
The farmer caught a man stealing his apples. 或A man was caught stealing apples. 那个农民发现一个人正在偷他的苹果。
答案选D。
题2　 Rather than ______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______ a bicycle. （94年高考题）
A．ride, ride B．riding, to ride C．ride, to ride D．to ride, riding
分析　 该题考查目标是看学生是否掌握了prefer to do A rather than do B．（宁愿做某事而不愿做…）尽管把主句放在后边，答案仍是C。
答案选C。
题3　 Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______ known for his plays.　　　 （98年高考题）
A．the best B．more C．better D．the most
分析　 本题考查分词作形容词时的比较。句中的Professor White既写过short stories，又写过plays，将他两种体裁作品相比较，应用比较级，A项和D项显然不可。known作形容词表示某人或某物知名度或受欢迎程度，前面常有副词修饰。其三级比较形式为well known, better known, best known。例如：
Today he is well known as a model leader.今天他是有名的模范领导人。
He was better known as a poet.作为诗人，他名望更大。
答案选C。

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