中学生阅读技巧 1 先通篇读，后逐步细读
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阅读一篇英语文章，最好采用先通读（surveying），然后再逐句细读的方法。先通读一遍，最低限度也要先读完一段。这一点颇为重要，中学生往往忽略。因为一篇文章是一个整体，是围绕着一个中心思想（central idea）组织的。如果知道文章大体讲什么，有了全文、全段的观点，就有利于我们对词与句的理解，对具体语言点的解决就方便多了。
通篇读只要求抓文章的概略内容(general idea)，要学会抓关键性的语句。至于生词，只要不妨碍我们抓住概略内容，可略去不管。逐句细读，分析词义及句子结构，弄清句子的意思，从而掌握文章的具体内容。通篇读和逐步细读相结合，这是读一篇文章时值得提倡的做法。
PRACTICE
I.Survey for the general idea and then do the exercise after it.
A.Dr.Bethune was leaving one of the base hospitals,when he noticed that the last stone step was missing. He jumped over the gap and turned to an attendent following him.“Do you mind jumping?” he asked.
The other answered lightly,：”Not at all.”
“And the wounded(伤员)---do they mind jumping？”
The attendent’s smile vanished. Together they bought up a stone to replace the missing step. The story went from mouth to mouth in the medical service with Bethune’s moral: “Never leave a stone unturned in caring for the wounded.”
B.Put S (same as the text) or D (different from the text) in front of the following sentences.
______ 1.The story is about Dr.Bethune.
______ 2.One day Dr.Bethune was visiting a school.
______ 3.The story tells us that Dr.Bethune was ready to do everything for the wounded.
II.Read the same passage again with the help of the notes on the right side of the page,try to understand every sentences and then do the exercise atter it.
(A) Dr.Bethune was leaving one of the base hospitals,when he 根据地
noticed that the last stone step was missing. He jumped over 石头
the gap and turned to the attendant following him. “Do you gap 缺口; attendant 随从
mind jumping?” he asked.
The other answered lightly,”Not at all。”
“And the wounded---do they mind jumping?” 伤员
The attendant’s smile vanished. Together they brought up a 消失
Stone to replace the missing step.The storywent from mouth
to mouth in the medical service with Bethune’s moral : “Never 医疗的；教训
leave a stone unturned in caring for the wounded.”
(B) Answer the following questions.
1. When did the story take place?
2. What did Dr Bethune notice when he was leaving the hospital?
3. How did he get down the missing step?
4. Was he visiting the hospital alone? Who was with him then?
5. Why did he ask the attendant whether he minded jumping?
6. Did the attendant understand Dr.Bethune’s meaning at first?
7. When did the attendant see his mistake?
8. Did they do anything to the missing step?
9. Did the story spread among the doctors and nurses in the Army?
10. What is the moral of the story?
Selection
Confidence(信心) in the water
1.Swimming,diving,and other water sports can be great fun. Yet millions of people cannot swim. Many are afraid of water. They have no confidence in their ability to learn to swim well.
2.A few years ago,scientists tried to find out how pepple learn new skills. They found that,generally speaking,the first time a person attempted (试图) a task determined决定）whether or not he would ever be any good at it. For example,if a child tried to roller-skate(l溜旱冰) for the first time and did it well,then he would probably become a good roller-skate. If he did it badly,then he would probably never be good. For this reason, it is important that a person’s first attempt at swimming should be successful.
3.Scientists also know that a frightening experience damages a person’s confidence. For example,if a non-swimmer is pushed into deep water in fun,it will take him a long time to regain(恢复)confidence in the water.
4.So learner-swimmers should take each step slowly. The first thing to do is to gain confidence in the water. Never jump in at first. Sit on the side and slide (滑) in gently. Better still,walk slowly down the steps into shallow water. Hold on to the rail until you feel safe enough to let go. Try to walk along the side of the bath,holding on to the rail. Duck(潜入) your head under the water,keeping your eyes open as you do so. Lift your feet off the bottom and let your body float to the surface. You will soon be ready to learn to swim.
COMPRENSION
I.Same or different?
1. The text is about water.
2. Many people can’t swim because they are afraid of water.
3. The text also tells what to do the first day you learn to swim.
II.Fill in the blanks
1. Three kinds of sports are mentioned(提及)in the text. They are ______ ______ ,and______.
2. ______ is the key to becoming a successful swimmer.
3. An example of how ______ shows the importance of the first attempt in learning anything.
4. The child would probably become a good roller-skater if__________________ .
5. If a person’s confidence is damaged at the first attempt,it is not easy to ______ .
6. The suggestion made here is that learner-swimmers should ________________ .
7. Make a list of what are the right things for a learner-swimmer to do.
1)______ on the side and ______ gently.
2)Don’t ______ at first.
3)______ the steps into shallow water slowly.
4)Never ______ the rail until you feel safe enough in the water.
5)______ to the rail and ______ along the side of the bath.
6)______ as you duck your head under the water.
7)The ______ your feet off the bottom of the bath and let your body ______ to the surface.
III.What is the topic of Paragraph 2?
A. The first steps to be taken on the first day a person learns to swim.
B. The ways to learn roller-skating.
C. The importance of the first attempt in learning new skills.
GRAMMAR/VOCABULARY
1. make sentences according to the model.
It is important that a person’s first attempts at swimming should be successful.
Clear the weather changes suddenly
Impossible the calculations are correct
Too bad they have not finished the work
II.Complete the following sentences.
1.A person who swims is a ________ .
2.A person who roller-skates is a ________ .
3.A person who can’t swim is a ________ .
4.A person who is learning to swim is a ________ .
5.A person who dives is a ________ .
参考答案

PRACTICE (B) 1.S 2.D 3.S
COMPRENSION
I.1.D 2.S 3.S
II.
1. swimming,diving,roller-skating
2. That a person’s first attempt did well
3. to try to roller-skate
4. he tried to roller-skate for the first time and did it well
5. regain
6. take each step slowly
7. 1)Sit, slide in 2.jumping 3.Better still walk slowly down
4)don’t hold on 5.Hold on,walk 6.Keeping your eyes open 7.lift,float
GRAMMAR/VOCABULARY
I
Clear the weather changes suddenly
Impossible the calculations are correct
Too bad they have not finished the work
II. 1.swimmer 2.roller-skater 3.non-swimmer 4.beginner 5.diver
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