Unit 21 Music
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一、教学目标与要求
通过本单元教学，学生学习并初步掌握动名词的各种用法，并能运用到口、笔头的表述中；通过对课文的学习，学生从不同角度对音乐有新的理解。要求学生能用英语介绍民间音乐、非洲音乐、加勒比海音乐、爵士乐等；学生能背诵第71课短诗。通过对话课的学习与操练，学习并能运用表示意愿和决定的日常用语；正确完成练习册安排的练习。
二、教学重点与难点
1.重点词汇 familiar; otherwise; perform; generation; nowadays; pattern; fade; whisper; single; be familiar with; earn one’s living; learn_ by heart; in praise of; get married
2.重要句型 This was at a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema.
3.语法 动名词(The -ing Form as Predicative, Attribute and Object Complement) 1) the wedding party 2)Our job is playing all kinds of music. 3)The people performing all play different instruments. 4)You often see musicians performing in the streets.
4.日常交际用语 表示意愿和决定(Intentions and decision) 1)I’ve decided where we’re going to have the wedding party. 2)I'd prefer them not to serve too many dishes. 3)I'd rather have some fish to start with. 4)I'd rather not have any music at the beginning of the party.
三、课型
　
（一）对话课
　
Ⅰ.教具 录音机、投影仪。
Ⅱ.课堂教学设计
1.向学生提出下列问题：1)Nowadays many young people enjoy music. Can you tell me what kind of music you like best? 2)How many of you can play musical instruments? Hands up, please. 3)Do you think music is very important in our daily life? Please explain your point of view.
2.准备放对话录音。借助投影片打出以下听前提问：1)What are Mary and Rik talking about? 2)How many musicians is Rik going to bring?
放录音一至两遍，请学生回答上述问题，教师予以必要订正。
Key: 1)They are talking about plans for the music for a party. 2)Rik is going to bring seven musicians.
3.根据本课对话内容，教师再提出一些问题，检查学生的理解程度。1)Why does Mary suggest that at the beginning they should have some fairly quiet and peaceful music? 2)Why does Mary suggest that at the end of the party they have some songs that everyone is familiar with? 3)From the dialogue what information can you collect about the musician Rik and his group?
Key: 1)Because people won’t be able to hear themselves talk if they play too loudly at the beginning. 2)Mary suggests that at the end of the party they have some songs that everyone is familiar with so that they can join in. 3)Rik likes folk music. He writes his own songs and plays the guitar as well. He can play different musical instruments, such as the guitar, piano and jazz violin. His group can play all kinds of music. They play different instruments and three of the group can sing as well.
4.再次放对话录音，学生跟读。将学生分为两人一组练习对话。数分钟后，请两三组同学到前面表演，教师予以讲评。教师指导学生归纳本课中有关表示意愿和决定（Intentions and decision）的常用语句（见日常交际用语部分）。
5.教师提供如下情景，组织学生编演新的对话，尽量使用学生所归纳的表示意愿和决定的日常交际用语：
Situation 1: It’s someone’s birthday today. We’re going to have a birthday party. Make a dialogue planning the birthday party using the expressions from the dialogue.
Situation 2: Fifteen years later you are back at school again, holding a party for all the old classmates. Each pair is supposed to be organizers of the party. Mike a dialogue, discussing how to organize the party.
学生两人一组，可选择其中一个情景编演新的对话，也可自己设计其他情景。数分钟后，请几组同学到面前表演，教师予以讲评。
6.布置作用 1）预习第70课； 2）完成练习册中安排的练习
　
（二）阅读理解课
　
Ⅰ.教具 录音机、投影仪。
Ⅱ.课堂教学设计
1.检查生词及短语。
2.向学生提出下列问题。1)I understand that many of you like music a great deal. Can anybody tell us how many kinds of different music there are in the world? 2)What do you expect to learn from this passage a bout music?
板书学生提及的内容，并通过以下过渡，引出本课：
OK. Now let’s read the text and see if you can find all this information from this reading comprehension.
3.准备阅读课文。教师给出读前提问：1)How do some people earn their living by writing music? 2)When and where was Jazz born?
教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。
Key: 1)They write songs for pop stars and music for films and TV plays. In this way they earn living by writing music. 2)jazz was born in the USA around 1890.
4.放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理解程度（可参阅练习册所列出的问题）。
5.教师用投影仪打出以下表格，学生利用课文所提供的信息填写表格，描述各种不同风格的音乐：
Use the information from the passage to describe what they have learnt about music:

（斜体部分为参考答案，可不向学生展示）
学生先在小组内交流并相互启发、补充。七八分钟后，要求同学根据自己所填写内容，描述各种不同风格的音乐，教师给予讲评，鼓励学生将自己整理的内容连成短文。
6.布置作用 1）复述课文，介绍民间音乐、非洲音乐 加勒比海音乐、爵士乐等； 2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。
　
（三）语言训练课
　
Ⅰ.教具 投影仪。
Ⅱ.课堂教学设计
1.教师检查课文复述。
2.教师从本单元词语中选择部分常用词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评、订正。
1)familiar
Your face seems familiar. I’ve probably met you somewhere before.
Oh, that name sounds very familiar to me.
She is very familiar with everyone living in this neighborhood.
2)otherwise
I want you to do it right now. Otherwise, it'll be too late, I'm afraid.
The story sounds reasonable, but the facts are otherwise.
3)perform/performance/performer
He performed his experiment over and over until midnight in order to get a satisfactory result.
Do you know what play will be performed tonight?
The performance was successful and the best performer was the boy who played the piano.
4)earn one’s living
He began to earn his living by selling newspapers when he was thirteen years old.
5)learn_ by heart
The teacher asked his students to learn the whole passage by heart.
6)in praise of
At the school meeting, the headmaster spoke in praise of the boy who had won the gold medal in a maths contest.
These books are in praise of the heroes of the past.
7)fade
Coloured cloth often fades when it is washed.
Martin Luther King Jr. Will never fade from the memory of the world.
The sound of the footsteps faded away.
8)whisper
The child whispered the word in my ear.
It is whispered that he is heavily in debt.
The leaves whispered in the breeze.
3.课文信息整理。
教师提供以下信息，由学生根据课文内容将两栏相关内容连接：

Key:1)d 2)c 3)b 4)a 5)f 6)h 7)g 8)e
数分钟后，在全班订正答案。
4.布置作用 1）预习第19单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。
四、难句分析
1.I think at the beginning we'd rather have some fairly quiet and peaceful music. 我想开始的时候还是来点稍微恬静、柔和的音乐为好。
we'd rather have_ 是we would rather have_ 的缩写式，意为：我们宁愿要……。例如：
I'd rather not go out tonight, if you don’t mind. 如果你不介意的话，我今晚不想出去。
What would you rather have, an apple or a piece of cake? 你愿意要什么，苹果还是一块蛋糕？
My aunt invited me to the movies, but I said I had rather go on a picnic with my friends. 我姨母请我去看电影，但我说我还是愿意和朋友们一起去野餐。
would rather 及 had rather 如果后面接从句，则需要使用虚拟语气，例如：
I'd rather you told me the truth. 我宁愿让你对我讲实话。
在表示“宁愿……而不愿”时，要用would rather… than…这一结构，表示在两者之间进行选择。使用这一表达方式要注意用“平行结构”即在than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个动词不定式、两个介词词组等。例如：
I would rather have the red one than the green one.
我宁愿要那个红的，而不愿要那个绿的。
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
他宁愿听别人讲话，而不愿自己说些什么。
I'd much rather deal with a man than with a woman.
我宁愿同男人打交道，也不愿同女人打交道。
2.They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.
他们通常还要为如何演奏他们的音乐写出精确的说明。
How the music is to be played是由连接副词how引导的同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词instructions。
同位语从句绝大部分用that引导，但也可使用连接副词(如how，where等)引导。例
You have no idea how worried I was!
你不知道我是多么着急啊！
He raised the question where we could get the money.
他提出了这样一个问题：在哪儿才能弄到钱。
…is to be played是“be +不定式的被动式”。这种“be +不定式”结构常用来表示按计划、安排将要发生的事，或用来发出指示，或用来征求对方的意见。例如：
The line is to be opened to traffic on National Day.
这条铁路将在国庆节通车。（计划、安排）
This door is not to be opened.
此门不得打开。（指示、命令）
What’s to be done next?
下一步该怎么办呢？（征求意见）
3.Folk music has been passed down from one generation to another.
民间音乐是一代一代流传下来的。
pass down 意为：传下来。再如：
The skill has been passed down over four generations.
这个技术是通过四代人传下来的。
from one generation to another一代一代（直译：从一代到一代）。在英语中，有许多由from_ to构成的短语，表示：从……到……。例如：
The beggar begs from door to door.
这个乞丐挨门挨户地要饭。
She read the book from cover to cover.
她从头到尾地读了这本书。
He shook his head from side to side and walked away.
他摇着头，走开了。
　
　

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