动 词 不 定 式 作 用
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一． 主 语
To ask him for help is necessary.
To see is to believe.
It is necessary to ask for help.
It is right to give up smoking.
It is not easy to master a foreign language.
It is a great pleasure to talk with you.
It took us two hours to get to the station .
It made me happy to find my key.
How much did it cost (you) to buy the IBM PC 686.
It is good for us to take part in physical labour.
It is no hard for one to do a bit of good.
It is kind of you to lend me your book.
It is thoughtful of you to warm me of you arrival.
It is unwise of him to go there.
 of 后常跟表示人的品行的形容词：nice wrong good careless wise foolish polite clever right stupid rude thoughtful silly impolite…
二． 表语
He wish is to become a teacher.
Our plan is to finish the task in two weeks.
To do this is to say to cut your feet to fit your shoes.
三． 宾语
I want to borrow your dictionary.
He offered to help us .
Marx found it important to study the situation, so he began to learn Russian.
I thought it better to start early.
*decide plan desire expect hope wish pretend refuse afford agree fail tend manage…后只接不等式
四． 宾语补足语
I want him to lend me his dictionary.
He asked me to do the work with him.
1.在feel hear notice observe see watch listen to
have let make 后的宾补 省to, 变成被动态时，必须要to
I often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing the song,
I saw him go upstairs.
The boss made the workers work day and night.
2. help
He helped me (to ) repair my bike
3.不等式在but 后，如果其前面有 do 不等式要省to，无则要加to;
She could do nothing but cry
I had no choice but to go.
4.有些动词后，常跟 to be 结构, think consider believe suppose know find understand prove declare take imagine…
They considered him to be a great leader.
We proved these facts to be correct.
5.有时我们可以用动词短语，后接这种复合结构，call on long for wait for vote for rely on depend on …
I rely on you to finish the task today.
We are waiting for him to come.
五． 定语
I have sth to say.
Here are some books for you to read.
She is the first woman to have been elected to such a post.
*不等式动词是不及物动词，该动词与所被它修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系时，后要加介词。
He has no room to live in .
There is nothing to worry about.
to think about.
The nurse has four patients to look after.
I use a pen to write with.
Give me a piece of paper to write on.
Give me a knife to cut with.
*不等式所修饰的名代词是 place time way时，介词可以省略。
He had no money and no place to live.

*有主谓 动宾关系，判断：
Have you anything to say?
Have you anything to be said?
六． 状语
1．目的
They came here to welcome us.
He went home to see his parents.
He used a computer to write articles.
To arrive there on time, I have to get up early.
To defend our country, we must strengthen ourselves.
* In order to so as to
He got up early in order to /so as to catch the early bus.
She checked the names carefully so as to avoid mistakes.
In order to arrive before dark, we started at 6:00.
2．结果
What have I said to make you so angry?
She went abroad never to return.
 such…as to, so…as to
We are not such fools as to believe him.
He was so angry as to be unable to speak.
Her illness is not such as to cause anxiety.
 Enough…to
This book is easy enough for me to read.
The is thick enough to skate on.
 too…to
He is too young to join the army.
My eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
 only to
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.
I went to see him only to find him out.
3．原因状语
形容词的状语
I’m glad to see you.
I was surprised to see her there.
We are proud to be young people of new China.
He is ready to help others.
*happy lucky glad sorry anxious proud disappointed angry surprised ready delighted clever foolish pleased fortunate right…
*easy difficult hard comfortable ..
He is easy to get along with.
The chair is comfortable to sit on.
The box is heavy to carry.
七． 插入语
To tell you the truth, I forgot all about it
To be frank, I didn’t agree with you.
． 疑问词 + 不等式
Who which what when where how…+…，做主语 宾语 表语。。。
When to start has been decided.
I don’t know where to go . what to do…
The question is how to get there.
*why to do … $
时 态 语 态
1.一般时：
不等式的动作和谓语动词几乎同时发生，或之后
Who heard her sing?
We invited M to give us a talk on …
2．完成时：
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble
She seemed to have read the book before.
He is said to have written a new novel.
He pretended not to have seen her.
3.进行时：
He pretended to be reading .
They are said to be building new houses.
I didn’t expect you to be waiting for so long.
4.完成进行时
I didn’t expect you to have been waiting for so long.
He is said to have been living in New York for 20 years.
1. It’s an honour for me to be invited to speak here.
2. There are lots of things to be done.
3. I want the letter to be typed at once.
4. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.
5. To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good thing.
6. The novel is said to have been translated into the…
7. I thought it an honour to have been invited to the party.
主动 被动
1.I have got a letter to write.
*不等式与就近的名词有动宾关系，与较远的与主谓关系
I know what to do.
2.Have you got a key to unlock the door?
*不等式后有宾语，所修饰的名又是它的逻辑主语时，主动
3.Have yu anything to repair? 你修
Have yu anything to be repaired? 被你或别人修
4.There is nothing to . 无事可做
There is nothing to be done. 东西坏了 ，无法使之恢复正常，没有办法
省 略
1. 为避免重复，to可以代替不等式，常在这些词后： expect prefer care forget want wish hope try, be glad /happy…
Are you on holiday? No ,but I’d like to.
*但不等式含有be have have been 跟上
I didn’t tell him the news. Oh, you ought to have.
2. Why not try again?
3. had better would rather…than would sooner… (than) can’t but(只好，不得不) do nothing but
He cannot but agree.
He would rather (sooner) die than surrender.
4. used to be going to mean to try to plan to
Does he live here? No, but he used to.
5. and or 连接两个不等式，或以上，后常省略
He asked us to read and (to) understand or (to) write the text on …
6. 对比时，要带上
They didn’t tell me whether to go on or to stop.


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