情 态 动 词（1 ）
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部分摘自本人原发表在《中学英语辅导报》中的内容
问 句 — 答 语
Can you wait a few days for the money?
Yes, I can.
No, I can’t.
May I watch TV after supper?
Yes, you may.
No, you mayn’t.
,you mustn’t.
,you’d better not.
Must I be home before 8:00?
Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t.
you don’t have to
情态动词的基本用法：
1． 无人称 数的变化
2． 后接动词原形构成谓语，不能单独做谓语，省略句除外
3． 否定式 否定词紧跟在情态动词的后面
4． 疑问式 情态动词前移到主语前
Can could
1. 能力 He can drive a bus. (各种句式) He said he could use a computer two years ago.
2．许可 You can go now. He said I could borrow his bike
Can I go now?
3．可能性 （否 问） It can’t be Mr. Zhang. He couldn’t be M.
Can it be M? Could it be M
（无时态区别，只表示可能性的大小）
4．could比 can语气更委婉客气，无时间的区别，主要用于问句，不用于肯定句，答语用 can
Could I come here again tomorrow?
Yes, you can. No, I’m afraid not.
Can be able to
表示现在 将来 过去互用 区别
1. 指过去某一具体事情，在肯定句用be able to表示主语不仅用能力而且实际上已经做到了 He was a good swimmer, so when the boat was broken, he _____ swim to the bank. (*was able to can could were able to)
2. He could pass the exam. ( Could表示主语有能力，而不表明实际去做)
3. He worked hard but couldn’t / wasn’t able to pass… (could的否定式和was able to 的否定式可互用)
4. can时态少于be able to: haven’t be able to , is able to , will be able to
May might
1. 允诺
May I watch TV now? Might I go with you ?
You may go now
2. 可能性（肯定句 否定句）
He may be busy these days.
The story may not be true.
3. 祝愿
May you enjoy yourself!
May you succeed.
Must
1. 必须 应当
Must I do it at once?
We must obey all the rules.
You mustn’t smoke here.
2. 必然的规律
All men must die.
3. 推测 (肯定)
It must be M.
Must 主观 You mustn’t go.（禁止 不允许）You don’t have to go.（不必）两者不能换用
have to客观 The bridge is broken, so I have to go to the other bank across the river.
Need dare
行为动词： 情态动词：
有人称 数的变化 主要用于 否定句 疑问句
后接不等式 I dare say 是固定用法
否定式要用don’t doesn’t didn’t…
疑问式用Do does did…
Dare 的否定式 疑问式后的to可以省略
He doesn’t need to answer this question.
Does he dare to…
判断：
need
1. *He need to do…
2. * needs do
3. needs to
4. doesn’t need to
5. *doesn’t need do
6. *needn’t to
7. needn’t do
8. *Does he need do…?
9. Do you need to do
10. *Need you to do
11. Need he do
12. *He need do
13. *Needs he do
14. *Needs he do
15. *We need to do
dare
1.I dare say you are wrong.
2.I don’t dare to ask her.
3.I don’t dare ask her.
4.*He dare do it
4. * dares do
5. dares to do
6. doesn’t dare to do
7. dare not to do
8. * dare not do
9. Does he dare to do
10. Dare you go How dared they do such a thing?
11. I won’t allow you to swim across the river, even if you dare do it.
12. We must dare to ask
13. I have never dared to tell him about it
14. The party called on us to dare to think, to speak and to act.
15. She stopped at the door , not daring to enter.
16. *Dare you to go
shall
1．一 三人称问句，请求指示，征询意见
Shall we start now?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
Shall he come in?
2．二 三命令 警告 威胁 强制，允诺
You shall do as I say.
You shall fail if you don’t work harder. (warning)
He shall have the book when I finish reading.
Should
1.=ought to 劝告建议 常指表示自己的主观看法,问句中通常代替ought to
ought to 语气较重，含有“按道理应当” 常指 反映客观情况，或涉及法律 义务 规定；
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
2. 第一人称 表示说话人的谦逊 客气 委婉
I should think it would be better to try it again.
You are mistaken, I should say.
This is sth I should have liked to ask you.
3. 在条件句中，“万一”，主句仍用正常句子，不一定用虚拟
Ask her ring me up if you should see her.
If you should change your mind, please let us know.
Should I,I will come.
4. Why/how + should 表示不能理解，感到意外，惊异 “竟会”
Why should you be so late today?
---Where is B living?
---How I should know?
I don’t know why you should think that I did it.
Will would
1． 意愿
I will never do that again. He said he wouldn’t do that again.
2． 问句 询问对方意愿
Will you go there with me ... Would you like to …
3． 习惯性动作 或某种倾向
Fish will die out of water. He would play the violin on Sundays
She will talk for hours if you give him the chance. She would sit that for hours.
4.will be will have done 二 三人称，对现在 或已完成的推测
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
可 能 性
can不表示实际的可能性，而是“理论上的可能性”，或暂时性的可能性
要表示实际可能性用could may might
Accidents can happen on such rainy days.
We can go climbing this summer.(error, 不表示未来的可能性)
We may go…
情 态 动 词 + 完 成 时
1． Can /could + have done 问句 否定句
对过去事情的推测
过去没有实现的可能 “本来可以 本来可能”
could可以用于肯定句
You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.
I saw M just now. He couldn’t have gone to B.
2． May /might + have done 肯定句 否定句
对过去事情的推测
“ 本来可能” 但没有实现“本来可以” 但没做，有责备之意
He may /might have gone home.
He ……………not have finished the work
You should not have climbed that hill. You might have been killed yourself.
You might have given him more help, though you were busy.
3．Must + have done 肯定句
对过去事情的推测，否定句用can’t / couldn’t have done
It must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy.
He can’t have been to B, for he knows too little about it.
4. 反意问句
It must have rained last night,____? didn’t it
5. Need + have done 否定句 疑问句
本来没必要做，但做了
You needn’t have told her the news ,for I had told her earlier.
本来没必要做，结果也没做，用didn’t need to
You didn’t need to clean the windows. My sister did it
6. Should / ought to + have done
You should have come to the meeting earlier.
He ought not to have broken the window.
7. Had better + have done 当时最好
You had better have started earlier.
8. would rather +have done 当时宁愿做了 或没做
I would rather have refuse his offer.
I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.
情 态 动 词 对 当 前 的 推 测
情态动词 + be +n. /adj. /doing 注意句式
You can’t be serious .
I hear water running. He must be having a bath.
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