句首的话题 |
||||
中学英语教学资源网 → 英语论文 → 教学论文 手机版 | ||||
深圳市宝安中学 赵国强 句首可以对某些句子结构产生制约和影响,这是在学习中不应忽视的重要内容。着眼于句首可以把握和处理好语言结构,使整个句子表达规范,结构精当。句首的以下两个特点需要引起重视。 一•句首制约着句子,使有些结构的选择范围较句中相对狭隘 1.句首的“是否”不用if,而只用whether。例如: Whether we’ll go out depends on weather.我们是否出去要看天气。 2.如果主语从句没有连接代词或连接副词(如whether/what/how等)引导,就必须在从句之前加上that,该连接词不可省略。例如: That we need more equipment is quite obvious.我们需要更多设备,这是显而一见的。 3.句首动名词的逻辑主语大多不用名词普通格或代词宾格,而用名词所有格或物主代词。例如: The soldier’s being killed in the war is her one regret.那位战士的阵亡是她的一件憾事。 His recognizing the faults is a good thing.他认错,这是好事。 4.句首的目的状语,不用so as (not) to do,而只用in order (not) to do或(not) to do等。試比较: In order to(或To) catch the first bus, Li Hua got up very early.= Li Hua got up very early in order to/ so as to(或to) catch the first bus,.为了赶上头班车,李华起的很早。 5.句首的(not) until多不用till替换。例如: Until then I had known nothing about it.(= Not until then had I known nothing about it.)直到那时我才听说此事。 6.表示“正如”意义的关系代词在句首只用as。如: As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China.(= Taiwan belongs to China, as/ which is known to us)我们都知道,台湾属于中国。 二•句首某一词语或结构的出现,直接影响句子,使结构随之变化 1.句中的否定词提于句首,其主谓语必须倒装。如: Never before have I seen him.以前我从未见过他。 Hardly had he fallen asleep when he dreamt a sweet dream.他刚睡着便做了个美梦。 Not a single mistake did the top student make in the test.那位尖子生在考试中一个错误也没犯。 The boss didn’t let out the secret. Neither/Nor did his secretary.老板没有泄密,他的秘书也没有(这样)。 2.方位副词、方位介词短语或某些时间副词于句首,如果主语是名词,谓语是不及物动词或系表结构,谓语动词直接放到主语之前进行完全倒装。注意:这种倒装句不用进行时态。现分别举例如下: Here are some registered letters for you.这儿有你的几封挂号信。 Between the two buildings stands a monument to the hero.在两栋楼房之间矗立着一座英雄纪念碑。 Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。 比较: Out rushed the boys.孩子们冲出去了。(主语是名词,须倒装。) Out they rushed.他们冲了出去。(主语是代词,无需倒装。) On the grass dances a little girl.(=A little girl is dancing on the grass.)有个小女孩在草地上跳舞。 He wrote another letter as he had not received an answer.= Not having received an answer, he wrote another letter.由于没收到回信,他又写了一封。 4.Only引导状语或状语从句,其后的句子或主句的主谓语必须倒装。如: Only in this way is it possible to master a foreign language.只有用这种方法才可能掌握好一门外国语。 Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work.只是战争结束之后,他才得以愉快地返回工作岗位。 注意:句首only所引导的短语作主语或宾语则不可倒装。試比较: Only last Saturday he spent at home.就上周六他是在家里度过的。 Only last Saturday did he stay at home.就上周六他在家里度过。 5.表示部分意义的so置于句首,该句子倒装。如: So frightened is he that he can’t move at all.他吓得不敢动弹。 She sings badly, so does everyone in her family.她唱不好歌,她全家人都是这样。 比较:You are tired. So am I.你累了,我也是。 You are tired. So am I.你累了,我也是。 “You are tired.”“ So am I.”“你累了。”“我的确累。” 本文曾发表于《中学英语指导》1999年第8期 相关链接:教学论文
|
||||
『点此察看与本文相关的其它文章』『搜索相关课件』 | ||||
【上一篇】【下一篇】 【教师投稿】 |