“It”的用法

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第二讲             
【高考走向】
  It的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点,尤其是it用于强调句。其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行,偶尔也出现在“短文改错”和“完形填空”中。
【典型例题】
  1.(NMET98,单项填空)
    It was only when I reread his poems recently____I began to appreciate
   their beauty.
    A.until     B.that     C.then     D.so
   正确答案:B 此题考查强调句,所以用that。
  2.(NMET98,单项填空)
    I hate____when people talk with their mouths full.
    A.it       B.that     C.these     D.them
   正确答案:A 此题考查it作形式宾语的用法,所以选A。
  3.(MET91,短文改错)
    David and I did not agree and David pointed to a path which it he thought
   would probably lead to a village.
   正确答案:去掉it,因为定语从句中已有宾语which。
【知识点拨】
  It 的用法主要包括以下内容:
  1.代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时,一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。
    例如:
    -Who is the baby?    -It's my teacher's son.
    -Who is that gentleman?-It's my friend,Tom.He(不可用It)wants to see you.
  2.用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。
    例如:It's half an hour's walk from here to our school.It's nice and warm
       here.But it's two o'clock now,and it's time for us to go to school.
  3.用作形式主语或形式宾语。除it外,其他代词没有这种用法。
    ①当作主语的不定式、-ing短语或从句太长时,往往用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语移至
    句末,以避免句子头重脚轻。
    例如:It's not easy to learn English well in such a short time.
       It's no use crying over spilt milk.
       It's not decided yet when and where we're going to have the meeting.
    ②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、-ing短语或从句,往往用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语
    移至句末,以使句子重心后移。
    例如:We find it difficult to learn English well in such a short time.
       We think it no use crying over spilt milk.
       We made it clear when and where we were going to have the meeting.
    ③包含介词的短语运动接宾语从句时,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句。
    例如:Please see to it that all the windows are closed before your leave
       the room.
       You may depend on it that everything will be all right.
  4.用于强调句型,即“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其它”句型之中。
    使用该句型有以下几点请注意:
   ①强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数,其中is既可强调现在的情况,也可强调过去的情况,
    was只能强调过去的情况。
    例如:It was/is yesterday that I met your father in the street.
   ②不管被强调部分是哪种状语,只能用that连接,不得使用where、when等连词。
    例如:It was in the street that I met your father yesterday.
   ③被强调部分为人时,可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that,用that也行。
    例如:It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday.
       It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday.
   ④强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。
    例如:It is they who are our friends.
       It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night.
   ⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is was…that…为强调句标志,去掉后仍可组成一
    个完整的句子,只是没被强调而,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。
    比较:It was ten o'clock when we got home last night.我们昨晚到家时已十点了。
       It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night.
       我们昨晚是在十点到家的。
    第一句不是强调句,when不可改为that,因为去掉it was和that后,只能组成“We got
    home ten o'clock last night.”这样一个不完整的句子;第二句是强调句,that不可
    改为when.
【知识过关】
  1.Was it during the Second World War ____ he died?(MET88,单项填空)
   A.that   B.while   C.in which     D.then
  2.It ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?(MET88,单项填空)
   A.now    B.that    C.it        D.man
  3.I don't think ___ possible to master a foreign language without much momory work.
   (MET90,单项填空)
   A.this   B.that    C.its        D.it
  4.___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
   (NMET95,单项填空)
   A.There   B.This    C.That       D.It
  5.It was about 600 years ago ___ the first clock with face and an hour hand
   was made. (NMET97,单项填空)
   A.that   B.until   C.before      D.when
  6.____computers play such an important part in our daily life?
   A.Why it is that     B.Why is it that
   C.Why was it that     D.Why is it KEY: 1.A 2.C .D 4.D 5.A 6.B

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