Unit 6 Mainly Revision
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Lesson 21
Teaching aims
通过本单元对话课教学, 让学生复习打电话及谈论业余爱好的日常交际用语;并为学习阅读课中有关古币收藏和集邮爱好的知识和 词汇作准备.
Step 1 Lead --- in
1. Show the students a few beautiful key rings (or other things), and then talk with them about their hobbies.
T: I have a student whom likes collecting key rings. Once he showed me his rings. That’s a large collection of about one hundred key rings. They are colorful and of different size and shapes. It took him more than three years to have got such a big collection, and he told me hat his hobby did not cost very much. He often tells people about his hobby, so on his birthday he often receives some nice and special key rings as presents from his friends, his parents and relatives.
2. Ask the students about their hobbies and then collect their answers.
(1) What are your hobbies?
(2) Does your hobby take much of your spare time?
(3) Do you like collecting thing?
(4) Does the collection cost s lot of money?
(5) Do your parents have any objection to your hobbies? Why?
Step 2 Dialogue Presentation
T: Now let’s listen to a dialogue between Bruce and Chou Lan. They are talking on the telephone about stamps. Listen to it carefully and then you will answer some questions.
The first listening:
(1) Why does Bruce phone Zhou Lan?
(2) Why does Bruce say “ Excuse me” when he phones Zhou Lan?
The second listening:
Listen and repeat. Ask the students to read the dialogue.
Step 3 Dealing with the language points
1. no longer / no more / not any longer / not any more 不再, 再也不
--- no more / no longer 放在 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前. No more 多用来修饰具体动词；no longer多用来修饰某种具体状态动词．例如：
He no longer lived here.
He has no more trouble.
Bruce works in a company. He is no more a student.
--- 表示时间“一度，曾经”，强调以前的情况不再继续下去，once but not now。用no longer, not any longer, not any more.但no longer, not any longer多与持续性动词连用；not any more 多与终止性动词连用。
She used to study English, but she doesn’t study it any longer/any more.
I am afraid she doesn’t live here any longer/any more.
Does Tom live here? No he no longer lives here.
He is no longer happy.
He doesn't come here any more.( 不用any longer)
---涉及数量或程度时，要用no more. ---替代事物时用 not any more.
There is no more bread on the desk.
I have no more money to spend on new clothes.
I don’t want any more.
He is no more a genius than I am.
---下列情况只用no more.
Since no more persons come,. Let’s begin. (adj.)
When no more steam comes, they might get burnt
He has no more books than I do.
I can’t sing this, no more can him.
2. What a pity! What a shame!
I am sorry that I can’t join you in the travel. What a shame!
It is a shame that he can’t join us in the travel.
It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam.
3. You may use the following phrases to ask for person who would like to speak to:
Is … there?
Is that … ?
Can I speak to …?
4.You may use the following phrases to introduce yourself:
It’s…here.
This is…
This … speaking.
5.You may use the following phrases to answer a call:
Hello, who is that?
Hi, whom is that speaking?
6.If you are not the person the caller wants to speak to, you can just him:
Hold on, please.
Hold on a moment. I’ll go and ask him/her.
7.If the person who the caller is calling is not in, you may say:
… is not here now. Can I take a massage for you?
Could you leave a massage?
Step 3 Dialogue Practice
Practice 1.
Situation: Suppose you are Bruce, please tell your classmates why you phoned Zhou Lan the night before. Or suppose you are Zhou Lan, please tell them why Bruce phoned you late the night before.
Bruce telephoned me late last night, for he has only just got home that moment. Last time Bruce saw that I had a cock year stamp, so he yesterday evening he called to ask me if I could sell it to him. But it was a great pity that I sold it last week. I really didn't know Bruce needed it so much. However, I promised to try to find one for him.
Practice 2.
Ask the students to play the parts of Bruce and his father to talk about the call Bruce made just now. Or ask them to play the parts of Zhou Lan and her father to talk about the call she received just now.
IV. Dialogue Presentation
Ask the students to make phone calls to their classmates to talk about their hobbies.
Situation 1: Student B likes collecting Bobby dolls. Student A happened to find a new type of Bobby doll in the store. She is now phoning student B.
Situation 2: Student A likes collecting coins. His father is going to give a tour performance in Europe. He asks his father to get some foreign coins for him.
Lesson 22
Step 1 Revision
1. Check the homework exercises.
2. Revise the dialogue in SB Lesson 21.
1) Ask the students to recite and act out the dialogue.
2) Change the dialogue into a short passage.
Step 2 Discussion
Look at the picture and read through the questions:
1. Which of the following do you collect: stamps, coins or postcards? Anything else?
2. How many different kind of coin can you think of?
3. Do you want to know more about coins?
Step 3 Reading
1.Answering questions
2. Go through the Ex.1 and make sure the students know the questions. Let them read the whole passage carefully and answer the questions, working in pairs. Check the answers with whole class.
3. Not making. Get the students to read the whole passage again and make notes. Let them do this exercise individually, then compare their note with their partners.
Step 4 Dealing with the language points
1. Later, another type of coin was used, with holes in it, and these were used for the next 2000 years, that is, from 221 BC until 1916.
With + n. + 介词短语, 作定语或状语.
They used to live in a wooden house, with trees round it.
She came to a little river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.
The teacher came in with some books in his hand.
He is deep in thought, with his head in his hands.
2. Coins may be of different sizes, weights, and shapes and of different metals.
Be of
The meeting is great of importance..
This medicine is of no use.
The work is of great importance.
The soldiers are almost of the same height.
The soldiers are almost ( of ) the same height.
The earth is ( of ) the shape of an orange.
The two pens are of the same size, but they are different in color.
3. The earliest coins in the west were made of gold mixed with silver.
The young man dressed in blue is our manager.
Step 4 Practice
1. Play the tape for the students to listen and follow.
3. Part 4. Go through the example and the first two sentences orally and let the students do this exercise individually. Check the answers with the whole class.
4. Part 5. Make sure the students know the special use of the verbs in the exercise and let them do it individually. Ask them to remember the verbs that must be followed by v-ing.
I missed Mr. Black Peef. 我思念布莱克.皮夫先生.
I---imagine B---be busy doing m---miss a---avoid i---insist c---consider s---suggest k---keep s---stop P---practise e---enjoy e---escape d---delay e---excuse
M---mind f---finish r---risk
Step5 Workbook
1. Ex.2. Get the students to read it. Discuss the answers in pairs. Then call out Ss to read the whole passage aloud to the rest of the students.
2. Ex.3. Write down the root words on the Bb. Then get the Ss to add endings to them, and tell the meaning and part of speech of each word.
3. Ex.4. Do it with the whole class.
Step 5 Consolidation
1. Ask the students to retell the passage.
2. Read the passage again and try to learn it by heart.
3. Finish off the Workbook exercises.
Lesson 23
Step 1 Revision
1. Check the homework exercises.
2. Ask the students to retell the text.
3. Ask some students to make up sentences, using the phrases in Lesson 22.
Step 2. Presentation
1. Show the students some stamps ask them questions.
Do you like collecting stamps?
How many of you collect stamps?
What kind of stamps do you collect?
2. Ask the students to read the passage quickly and then find the answer to question:
Does the writer say you will have to spend a lot of money on stamps collecting?
Which kind of envelopes does the writer advise you to keep?
Why is it a god idea to join a group?
3. Let the students to read the passage carefully. Go through it with the students.
Step 3 Language points
1. advice/advise
The teacher has given him a lot of advice.
Can you give us some advice on how to learn English well?
Advise + n.
sb. to do sth.
v-ing
that-clause
They advised a visit to the Great Wall.
The doctor advised him not to smoke again.
The teacher advised holding a meeting on Sunday evening.
He advised that we should plant young trees on March 12.
2. The ones, which you decide not to keep, can trade with other people.
* trade with sb. = have dealings with sb./ exchange good with sb.
My family have been trading with the foreigners for nearly twenty years.
They are stamp collectors; they often trade stamps with each other.
I didn’t trade with that company; the price of their goods was too high.
* trade for : exchange sth.for sth.
I’d like to trade this book for your knife.
3. Sooner or later you will decide that you want to collect a certain kind of stamp.
sooner or later: at some time: some day
Work hard, and you will succeed soon or later.
If you go on driving like that, you will have an accident sooner or later.
He is always telling lies; he will be punished sooner or later.
4. Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.
1). stamp sales = stamp sales department: the place where stamps are sold.
2). whatever = anything that; no matter what
Do whatever you like.
Whatever I have is yours.
You must write down whatever you see and hear.
Whatever you do, do your best.
Don’t change your plan whatever happens.
3). have enough money to pay for
This kind of car costs a lot of money, but he can afford it.
We could not afford to buy that house.
5. You can pick up packs of used stamps very cheaply.
Pick up
My friend knows where he can pick up a good used bike.
I picked up a valuable coin at a very low price.
Step 4 Discussion
Divide the student into groups of four. Then let them hold a discussion. Encourage them to say what they think. At the end of this activity ask some of them to give their answers to the rest of the class.
Step 5 Practice
1. Page 35, part3. Read aloud the instruction and do the first one as an example. Let the students do the rest individually or in pairs. Them ask some Ss to read out their sentences to the rest of the class.
2. Page 35, Part 4. Read aloud the instruction and make sure the students understand the meaning of each sentence. Ask them to pay special attention to the translation of the infinitives when they do the exercise.
Step 6 workbook
Get the Ss to read Ex. 1 in pairs. Encourage them to make some changes in order to get a new dialogue. Ask several pairs to give their dialogues to the rest of the class.
Ex. 2. Let the students do in pairs.
Do Ex.3 with the whole class.
Homework.
高三第六单元
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
本单元是1 — 5单元的综合复习，通过阅读本单元的Dealing with waste ( 废物处理 )、The throw-away society (乱扔东西的社会)和Recycling waste (废物的回收利用)可以使同学们深刻理解废物的危害性，废物回收和利用对保护环境的重要作用。
茫茫宇宙，耿耿星河，在大约47亿年前，我们人类赖以生存的家园—地球诞生了。星移斗转，海陆沧桑，在这个蓝色的星球上终于形成了适合生命的起源与进化所需要的全部条件，并最终在大约200 ——300万年前生成了从古猿进化而来的高等智慧生物—人类。
“随着人，我们进入了历史。”今天，当我们醉心于人类社会物质文明和精神文明的辉煌成果，当我们高踞于人于自然关系中的主宰和统治者的地位的同时，生态危机“狼狈狰狞的幽灵”已经开始向我们袭来：大气污染、水污染、土壤退化、沙漠扩大、森林砍伐和物种消失等，已经严重影响到了地球表面的碳平衡、氧平衡、水平衡等过程。作为一种与人类工业文明的发展相伴随的社会—自然历史现象，生态危机的影响在20世纪正逐渐趋于全球化，一场深重的人与自然关系的危机已经将我们裹胁其中。
人和自然原本和谐一族，自然养育了人类，人类离不开自然。然而，高速增长的经济怪圈，却使人类利令智昏，数典忘祖，戕害蓝天、大地、山川等，其状况令人惨不忍睹。现在的人类已是一副“欲于天公试比高”的样子，想方设法要超脱于自然，千方百计要征服自然。就拿上海的快餐盒来说，由于人民生活水平的日益提高，人们生活节奏的加快，快餐受到大众的青睐。快餐盒这种难消解的泡沫塑料正制造着另一种意义上的“白色恐怖”。有人计算过，光上海人每人用去的快餐盒，15年内就能给新加坡盖上一条白色的“毯子”。
课文中把中国和英国的垃圾进行了有趣的对比。让我们设想在不久的将来，处理垃圾资源的综合加工厂随处可见，一辆辆卡车将再生产的产品从垃圾再生厂运出，送往千家万户。卡车上有废纸捣成浆后再生的白纸；有果皮等发酵成的颗粒肥料；有美味的宠物食物；有一瓶瓶富含营养的钙片；有一块块结实的再生砖块；有干净的玻璃制品；有熠熠闪光的金属。垃圾不再被白白地烧掉或是填埋，而是恰到好处地发挥它们的长处，形成垃圾产生 → 利用 → 再生产 → 再利用的良性循环体系，真正走上可持续发展之路。
从课文中我们可以深刻地理解到为什么五十年代的天空还那么蔚蓝，水还那么清澈，而到了今天，人们却大呼“我们只有一个地球，让我们携手共同保卫这个家园”。其实，人类既是环境的创造者，又是环境的塑造者。环境给予人类维持生存的物质，并使人类在智力、道德、社会和精神等方面得以发展。
【指点迷津】
A. 大纲规定的单元日常核心交际用语指南
在Unit 1 — 5单元出现的日常交际用语有：肯定和不肯定、决断和坚持、禁止和警告、就餐、同意和不同意。下面让我们再从具体的交际实例中准确把握它们使用上的注意点。
Unit 1中的交际要点： Certainty and Uncertainty (肯定和不肯定)
请同学们认真研读下列各句，注意留心英语和汉语的不同表达方式，但他们在很多方面殊途同归。若同学们对这些五光十色的表达达到脱口而出，那无论是在课堂上，还是在同外宾亲自交谈中，你一定会游刃有余，口若悬河。
1、Idiomatic Sentences功能套语50句
对某件事情的真实性是否肯定，是否有把握，在英语中常用sure , certain , doubt等词或may , might , must等情态动词表达。may , might具有试探性，must表示一种逻辑推断的必然。此外，It‘s certain这类非人称句常用来代替I’m certain的表达法，以缓和口气。为了增强客气的口吻，表示不肯定时可以伴随一些表示遗憾或歉意的表达方式。
1) Are you certain / sure ? 你能肯定吗 ？
2) Are you sure / certain about the result ? 你对结果有把握吗 ？
3) There is no doubt about it . 这是毫无疑问的。
4) I’m one hundred percent certain . 我百分之百地肯定。
5) I’m sure of heavy rain in the afternoon . 我确信今天下午要下大雨。
6) I’m certain that it’ll snow this evening . 我敢说今天晚上会下雪。
7) I have no doubt about it对此事我敢肯定。
8) It’s hard to say . 这很难说。
9) I can’t decide . 我拿不定主意。
10) There’s a chance that a cure will be found for cancer . 治疗癌症的方法可能会找到。
11) No one can say for certain that the method will soon be found . 没有人能肯定说方法会很快找到。
12) I’m sure that he’ll succeed . 我肯定他能成功。
13) We’re not sure whether well win the game . 能否赢这场比赛，我们不太有把握。
14) He doubts if that is you want . 他不知道那是否是你要的东西。
15) I’m quite (dead , absolutely ) sure / certain he’s living in Beijing . 我绝对肯定他住在北京。
16) This conference will be a success , I’m sure . 会议会成功的，我肯定。
17) That must / cat be the right way . 这条路肯定（不可能）对。
18) They must have taken the short cut . 他们肯定抄近路了。
19) He may / might be there . 他可能在那儿。
20) Yes , certainly . / No , certainly not . / Yes , it sure / certainly is . / No , it certainly isn’t .
21) Yes , no doubt at all . / Yes , without a doubt . 对，毫无疑问。
22) Not a hope . 不可能。/ No chance at all . 一点也不可能。
23) There’s very little doubt that we’ll have the order tomorrow . 我们明天拿到定单没有什么疑问的。
24) We do not doubt that he is honest . 我们并不怀疑他是一个诚实的人。
25) It’s certain ( obvious , clear , plain ) that he will win the game . 很明显我们队将在这场比赛中获胜。
26) It’s certain ( obvious , clear , plain ) that he’s suffered a great deal . 很明显他蒙受了极大的痛苦。
27) Without doubt , she is one of the best teachers in the school . 不可否认，她是该校最优秀的教师之一。
28) I can’t say for certain , but I think ( have a feeling , have an idea ) he might be from the States . 我不能肯定，但我觉得（猜想）他也许是从美国来吧。
29) I‘m afraid I can’t know ( make up my mind ) which one to buy . 恐怕我不能决定买那个好。
30) It seems clear to me (pretty obvious) that we are getting lazy in our old age . 人老了渐渐懒惰起来，这一点在我看来是很清楚的。
31) Can you really be sure of his honesty ? 你真的能确信他的诚实 ？
32) You are sure he will get the first prize ? 你能肯定他会得一等奖 ？
33) Do you think you have no doubt of his arrival in time ? 你认为他无疑会按时到达吗？
34) Forgive me , but are you really certain ? 对不起，不过你真的能肯定吗？
35) There’s no doubt in your mind about his aim ? 对他的目的你心里不存疑虑吧？
36) He must be there in the kitchen . 他一定是在厨房里。
37) He will certainly die if you don’t get a doctor now . 如果你现在不请医生他一定会死的。
38) I bet . 我敢断定。/ I bet he’s been back now . 我敢打赌他已回家了。
39) There’s no room for doubt about it . 此事无可怀疑。
40) I’m in two minds about which to choose . 我决定不了挑选哪个好。
41) Hard to tell . It could be the name of a magazine . 难说。这可能是一份杂志的名称。
42) I find it difficult to reach a conclusion . 我觉得难下结论。
43) I wonder whether I can get the money back . 我不知道我能否把钱取回来。
44) — Is that true ?
Maybe , I’m not sure .
45) — Will he come ?
Perhaps not .
46) — Can you play basketball with me now ?
I’m afraid not . I’ll have to finish my homework first.
47) — May I borrow your bike ?
Certainly. / Sure.
48) — Can you dance ?
I certainly can. / I sure can.
49) I think he‘s coming , but I’m not quite sure .
50) She is certain to do well in the examination.
2、Model Dialogues交际示范
A
Tom：David told me he was not well.
Bob：Why, I saw him playing football on the playground just now.
Tom：Are you sure?
Bob：No mistake, I'm one hundred percent sure.
B
Qin：What’s special tomorrow, do you know?
Liu：Yes, it’s Teachers’ Day.
Qin：What are you going to give our math teacher for Teachers’ Day?
Liu：I’m not sure. Maybe I’ll give her some flowers. What about you?
Qin：I’m not sure whether she likes a card or a book.
Liu：Maybe she likes a book better.
Qin：Ok then. I’ll give her a new book on computer.
C
A：We don’t have much time, so listen to me. I’ll tell you what we are going to do. The man we want does everything at exactly the same time every evening. I’ve watched him for three days.
B：You don’t think he’ll change his plan tonight, do you?
A：I’m sure he won’t. At 7 o’clock he’ll come down those stairs and go into the restaurant next door.
B：Are you sure he’ll eat in that restaurant and not in another one?
A：He’ll eat in that one.
B：We’ll have to be careful when we go into the restaurant to get him.
A：We won’t go into that restaurant. We don’t want him to see us.
B：What will we do?
A：We will wait for him in the street. We’ll get him when he finished eating and leaves the restaurant
3、交际测试一角
1）— Will the talk last long ?
— .
A. I’m afraid it will. B. Yes, the talk lasts.
C. No, the talk doesn’t last D. Not at all. I’m sure to 〖答案选A〗
2）— Where does she come from ?
—_______, but her accent suggests Beijing .
A. You can know with your eyes and ears B. She comes from a hospital
C. Perhaps she is a Beijinger D. I’m not sure 〖答案选D〗
Unit 2中的交际要点： Determination , Decision And Insistence (决断和坚持)
在表明自己对事物的判断时，好坏要明确，是非要分明。对就是对，错就是错，决不要含糊其辞。尤其在对方干得比较出色时，要多加鼓励。如：Well done! Good job! Quite perfect! 等。
如果要陈述自己的某些观点时，英语中一般要使用一些较委婉的短语，如：In my opinion (依我看)；As I see it (在我看来) ；So far as I know （据我所知）；Personally speaking (就我个人而言) 等。
在中国的文化背景里，陈述自己的看法、观点之前，常常这样说：依本人之愚见、我谈一点不太成熟的看法、跟大家交换一点肤浅的认识、我发言的目的是抛砖引玉，等。如果直译过去，西方人会大吃一惊，他们认为：既然是“未成熟的”、“肤浅的”，为何不以后再谈，现在不是没必要吗？既然是砖，又何必要抛呢？因此。在跨文化交际中，切忌用词的过分谦虚或委婉。下面是有关如何进行决断和坚持的相关知识：
1、Idiomatic Sentences功能套语30句
1) How do you like the exhibition? 你认为展览怎样 ？
2) What do you think of the conference? 这次会议开得如何 ？
3) What’s your opinion about the speech contest? 演讲比赛办得如何？
4) I’d like to have your view on this article. 关于这篇文章我倒想听听你的意见。
5) As I see it, the author was very careful. 在我看来，作者是非常细心的。
6) From what I know, it is a practical plan. 就我所知，这是一个很实际的计划。
7) Personally, I don’t like it. 就我个人而言，我不太喜欢。
8) It’s quite likely that the film will be popular. 很有可能，这部电影会大受欢迎。
9) It’s impossible to reach an agreement, I think. 我认为，不可能达成协议。
10) It’s not correct to refuse the proposal. 拒绝这一提议是不正确的。
11) I have decided to take live animals . 我决定带些活动物。
12) I insist on taking proper food for this expectation. 我坚持认为这次远征要带适当的食物。
13) Have you decided which boat to take? 你已经决定乘坐哪艘船了吗 ？
14) I suggest taking a lot of vinegar. 我建议带些醋。
15) He will be willing to accept it. 他会愿意接受的。
16) It’s difficult to decide between the two. 很难在两者之间作一取舍。
17) With so many choices, it’s hard to decide what to buy. 有这么多的商品可供选购，倒让人拿不定主意买什么。
18) I’ve made up my mind to be a doctor when I grow up. 我已决定长大后当医生。
19) Have you made up your mind where to go for your holiday ? 你已经决定到哪里去度假了吗？
20) I insist on him marrying that PLA man. 我坚持认为他和那个军人结婚。
21) I will do it in my own way. 我将按照我自己的方法去做。
22) My father has decided to buy a PC. 我爸爸决定买一台家用电脑。
23) They have decided when to start out. 他们已经决定了出发的时间。
24) I don’t think anybody can keep me from marrying Jane. 我认为没有人能阻止我同简结婚。
25) I am fixed on going abroad for my holiday. 我已经决定出国度假 。
26) Nothing can stop me from carrying out my plan. 没有什么能阻止我执行我的计划。
27) I am determined to pay him 100 dollars . 我决心付给他100美圆。
28) We’ve come to a decision that the meeting be put off . 我们已经决定推迟会议的举行时间。
29) As far as I am concerned , the hotel’s service is very poor . 就我而言，这家旅馆的服务很差。
30) They have settled where to camp . 他们已经决定到哪里去野营。
2、Model Dialogues交际示范
A
Shopkeeper：Can I help you ?
Customer：Yes . I bought this skirt here last week , but there seems to be something wrong with it .
Shopkeeper：Let me see . Did you wash it in hot water ?
Customer：Of course not . I’m not that foolish .
Shopkeeper：Did you leave it in water before you washed it ?
Customer：No , I don’t do that either . I just washed it in cold water .
Shopkeeper：That’s the fault of our company . What do you think I should do ?
Customer：I insist that you give my money back .
Shopkeeper：Please wait a moment . I’ll talk to my manager .
B
Robert：I can’t make up my mind which car to buy , Mary . Please help me decide .
Mary：Personally I like that green one , but I think you prefer the black car .
Robert：You’re right . I like it very much . But the blue one is beautiful , too .
Mary：Yes , but it’s more expensive . I don’t want to influence you . You’ll have to make up your own mind .
Robert：Every automobile here is nice . I don’t know what to do .
Mary：Well , you’ll have to make a decision .
Robert：Buying a toy car for my son is almost as difficult as buying a new family car .
3、交际测试一角
1) — Would you go and see the film this weekend ?
— _________.
A. No , I don’t B. Yes , I think I will C. Yes , I would D. No , I wouldn’t
〖答案B〗
2) — Why did you get home so late last night ?
Because they my staying there for supper .
A. stuck B. stopped C. kept D. insisted on 〖答案D〗
Unit 3中的交际要点：Prohibition And Warnings (禁止和警告)
禁止和警告通常是在一种紧急的语境中发出的，而且语言要简洁，因此祈使句是常见的表达方式。禁止和警告这一功能有时相当于威胁，但口气强弱有所不同。表示禁止时常用：You mustn’t / You can’t 。表示警告时常用和：Take care . / Be careful ! / Look out ! / Watch out ! 等。在接受了别人的警告后要向对方表示感谢。下面是在表达禁止和警告时常接触的言语。
1、Idiomatic Sentences功能套语30句
1) No touch ! 请勿触摸展品 ！
2) No Smoking ! 禁止抽烟 ！
3) Look out ! / Take care ! / Mind out ! 小心！
4) Wet Paint ! 油漆未干 ， 请勿触摸 ！
5) Stand back , please . 请退后些 ！
6) Whatever you do , don’t touch the wire ! 你无论如何别碰这电线 ！
7) Mind your own business ! 别管闲事 ！
8) Don’t touch it , please . 不要触电 ！
9) Watch out for pickpockets ! 当心扒手 ！
10) Be careful not to make much noise . 当心不要太吵 ！
11) Don’t lose your temper . 不要发脾气。
12) Be sure to be on time . 务必准时到。
13) Be sure not to be late again . 千万不要再迟到。
14) It’s important not to touch the machine .
15) It’s a safety requirement to wear this . 戴上这个是安全的要求。
16) Don’t throw your cigarette out of the window . 千万不能把烟蒂仍在车窗外。
17) Don’t tie it to that old branch . 不要把那系在枯树枝上。
18) You mustn’t smoke while you are walking around in the bush either . 在灌木从中穿行时无比一定不能抽烟。
19) You mustn’t touch the machine .
20) If you spit on a bus , you’ll be fined . 在公共汽车上吐痰是要被罚款的。
21) You’d better not do it .
22) Mind / watch your step ! 当心台阶 ！走路小心！
23) If I were you , I should be careful . I wouldn’t do that .
24) If you do that again , you’ll be in trouble . 如果再那样做，你会惹麻烦的。
25) If you don’t stop making that noise , I will call the police .
26) Be careful ! Don’t break your neck !
27) Make sure you lock the door when you leave !
28) Mind you don’t step on the broken glass !
29) Watch out where you are walking , the ground is muddy ! 脚底留神，这地满是泥泞。
30) Mind ! There’s a truck coming ! 注意 ！有辆卡车过来了 ！
31) The teacher says they mustn’t talk during lessons .
32) We mustn’t open the oven door before the cake is ready . 蛋糕做好一前不要打开炉门。
33) Look out ! You could fall off the edge here ! 小心！ 你会从这边缘掉下的。
34) Take care that you don’t drink too much . = Take care not to drink too much . 当心别喝多了。
35) Be careful not to hurt her feelings .
36) Be careful with the glasses .
37) Be careful of the dog ; it sometimes bites people .
38) Be careful when crossing the road .
39) Look out for snakes !
40) Mind your own head ! 小心别碰住头了。
2、Model Dialogues交际示范
A
Robert：Are you holding the ladder , Jane ?
Jane：Yes , I am . Please be careful , Robert . Don‘t go too high .
Robert：Don’t worry . I’m OK .
Jane：Look ! There are some good apples over there .
Robert：Where ?
Jane：Behind you ! Can you reach them ?
Robert：Oh , yes . I can see them , but I can’t reach them .
Jane：Be careful . It’s dangerous ! You’re too high .
Robert：No , I’m not . Great ! I can reach them now .
B
John：What are you going to do with that vase , Mary ?
Mary：I’m going to put it on the radio .
John：Don’t do that ! It’s unsafe . Give it to me , please .
Mary：What are you going to do with it ?
John：I’m going to put it here in front of the window .
Mary：Be careful ! Don’t drop it ! Don’t put it here .
John：Put it here , on the shelf .
3、交际测试一角
1) — May I ______the book for another week ?
----- No , you______. You must return it right now .
A. lend ; mustn’t B. keep ; can’t C. have ; needn’t D. borrow ; mustn’t
2) — _______when you cross the street . There’s so much traffic .
------- Yes , I will .
A. Take care B. Make sure C. Look out D. Be careful
Unit 4中的交际要点：Taking Meals (就餐)
1、Idiomatic Sentences功能套语77句
Finding a table for dinner找餐桌
1) Excuse me , Miss , could we have a table over there by the window ? 对不起，小姐，我们可以坐在那儿窗边的桌子吗 ？
2) Have you got a table for two ? 你们有一张两人用餐的桌子吗？
3) A table for four , please . 请安排一张四人用餐的桌子。
4) Can we have the table over there ? 我们可以坐那边吗 ？
5) I prefer the one in that quiet corner . 我喜欢在安静角落里的那张桌子。
6) Is it possible to have dinner now ? 现在可以就餐了吗？
7) It doesn’t seem to matter much . We’ll take it . 这没多大关系。我们就坐这儿。
8) No , it’s too close to the door . 不行，这离门太近了。
9) This one is good . Let’s take it . 这张桌子不错，就坐这吧。
10) We want to be near the dance floor . 我们希望离舞池近些。
Seating the diner给就餐者安排座位
1) Could you follow me , please ? 请跟我来。
2) Here is your table . Is it all right ?
3) I’m afraid there’s no other places free at the moment .
4) I’m sorry , sir , the one by the window has been booked by telephone .
5) There’s a table for four over there . Would you like it ?
6) Would you like to sit over there near the door ?
7) Would you like to take the one in the corner ?
8) You can sit in the bar if you like and we’ll call you when we have a table .
9) You can sit where you like .
10) What about this one ?
Asking if the diner is ready to order询问就餐者是否准备点菜了
1) Are you ready to order , sir ? 您准备好点菜了吗 ， 先生 ？
2) Can / May I take your order now ? 现在可以请您点菜了吗 ？
3) Have you decided what you’d like ? 您决定吃什么菜了吗 ？
4) Would you like to order now , sir ? 现在您想点菜吗，先生 ？
Asking what the diner would like to have询问就餐者想吃什么
1) And what to follow ? 接下来要什么 ？
2) Anything else ? 别的还要什么 ？
3) And any vegetables ? 要点些蔬菜吗 ？
4) Anything to drink ?
5) Do you want anything to start with ? 你想开始先来点什么 ？
6) What soup would you prefer ?
7) Would you care for a dink before you order , sir ?
8) What dishes would you like ? 您要什么菜 ？
Finding out what the restaurant has today了解餐馆今天有什么菜肴
1) Anything cold ? 有冷菜吗 ？
2) Could we see the menu , please ? 请给我看看菜单好吗 ？
3) Let’s have a look at the menu first .
4) What do you have today for breakfast ?
5) What else have you got on the menu ?
6) What’s special for tonight ? 今晚有什么特色菜 ？
7) What’s the soup of the day ? 这一天供应什么汤 ？
8) What’s today’s special ? 今天的特色菜是什么 ？
Ordering a meal点菜
1) All right . I’ll order the same . 行，我也点同样的菜 。
2) And two coffees with cream after that , please . 那以后请来两杯加油咖啡。
3) Bring me two beers , please . 请来两杯啤酒。
4) Coke for me too , please .
5) Get me some chicken salad , please . 请个我来点鸡肉色拉。
6) I don’t want to have a full meat . 我不想吃全餐 。
7) I think I’ ll have soup to begin with .
8) I’d like to try the chicken , please .
9) It sounds good , but I’d prefer some seafood today .
10) Let us have seafood for a change . 我们来点海味换换口味吧 。
Asking how the diner would like something询问就餐者对菜肴有什么要求
1) Do you like your tea strong or weak ? 您喜欢茶浓点还是淡点 ？
2) How do you like your coffee ? 你喜欢什么样的咖啡 ？
3) How would you like them prepared / done ? 你喜欢怎么个做法 ？
4) Would you like it rare , medium , or well-done ? 你喜欢做得生一点，中等程度，还是老一点？
5) You want it now or after dinner ?
Expressing hospitality表示殷勤款待
1) Another piece of fried steak ? 再来一块炸牛排好吗 ？
2) Do have some more , there’s plenty left .
3) Eat a little fish , please .
4) Have some and I’m sure you’ll like it .
5) Help yourself to anything you like .
6) Here , have another one .
7) Let me get you some more wine . 让我来再给你斟点酒。
8) Won’t you have some more ?
Responding to hospitality对殷勤款待的应答
1) All right , but only a small piece . 好的， 不过只要一小块 。
2) I don’t feel like any , thanks . 我不想吃，谢谢。
3) I don’t think I could eat another bite . 我想我一口也再吃不下了。
4) I will have another glass if you insist . 如果你一定要我喝，我就再喝一杯。
5) I will trouble you for a little . 那就麻烦你给我一点儿。
6) I am quite full . / I’ve had more than enough . / I’ve had too much already . / No , thanks . I just couldn’t eat any more . / No , thanks . I don’t drink any wine . / No , thanks . I‘’m getting full . 谢谢，我吃饱了。
7) No , thanks . I’ m on a diet . 不，谢谢。我在节食。
8) Yes , please , just a little .
Paying the bill付帐
1) Can I have the bill , please ? 请把帐单给我好吗 ？
2) Give me the bill , please . 请把帐单给我。
3) It’s my treat this time . I’ll pay . 今天我请客，我来付帐。
4) Let me pay this time . You can pay next time .
5) Let’s go Dutch this time . 这次我们各付各的。
6) Waiter ! The bill , please . 服务员，结帐。
2、Model Dialogues交际示范
A
Waitress：Can I help you ?
Student A：Yes , er , what would you like ?
Student B：I have no idea .
Student A：Well . would you like something to drink ? What about a glass of milk ?
Student B：No , thanks . I think I’d like a bottle of orange . What about you ?
Student A：I’d like a cup of coffee . How about something to eat ?
Student B：Some cakes , please .
Student：Then we would like a cup of coffee , a bottle of orange , and four cakes , please .
Waitress： Ok . Please just wait for a moment .
B
Waiter：Would you like some desert now , madam ?
Mary：I’d like to see the menu again , please .
Waiter：Here you are , madam . The chocolate cake is delicious .
Mary：No , thanks . I don’t like chocolate . I’d rather have the strawberry pie .
Waiter：I’m afraid there isn’t any left .
Mary：Then I’ll have some ice cream .
Waiter：I’m sorry , but that’s gone , too .
Mary：How about some fresh fruit ?
Waiter：We don’t have any fresh fruit today . All we have is chocolate cake .
Mary：I’ll just have coffee , please .
Waiter：Fine . I’ll bring it right away .
3、交际测试一角
1. — Would you like another cup of tea ?
----- I’ve enough . .
A. Thank you all the same B. No , anything will do
C. Thank you by the way D. Make yourself at home 〖答案选A〗
2. — I don’t like chicken _______fish .
I don’t like chicken _________;I like fish very much .
A. and ; and B. and ; but C. or ; and D. or ; but 〖答案选D〗
B. 单元重点新词透视
1. gather vi. & vt. 采集；聚集；收庄稼
She has gathered up a lot of firsthand information .
The peasants are gathering in the wheat crop in the fields .
测试要点：区别gather与collect
gather强调聚到一块，收庄稼。可与together连用。collect强调精选性，如集邮；不与together连用。
My hobby is gathering coins .
He has taken an interest in collecting stamps .
Farmers are always busy gathering their crops in autumn .
She gathered the children round her . 孩子们聚在他周围。
The patients is gathering strength . 病人的体力渐渐恢复了。
2. rubbish垃圾；废物；胡说八道；乱七八糟
We had to ask the young fellows living upstairs to stop throwing rubbish .
测试要点：该词是不可数名词。其同义词是waste 。
We must put our rubbish in the dustbin . 我们必须把垃圾放在垃圾箱里。
He is talking rubbish . 他在胡说八道。
What rubbish he writes ! 他写的东西乱七八糟的。
3. seek (sought , sought) vt. 试图；探寻；寻觅
He is seeking a job . = He is looking for a job .
seek fame and happiness追求名利和幸福
测试要点：seek for = seek after追求，寻求（多含被动性）。
seek after truth寻求真理
His book is much sought after . 他的书很受欢迎。
seek to do = try to do试图干……
They sought to change her mind . 他们试图改变她的主意。
4. multiply vt. 乘；使相乘
测试要点：注意其搭配常用multiply A by B
If you multiply four by three , the answer is twelve .
Five multiplies six is thirty .
Seven multiplied by four is / equals twenty-eight .
5. technique n. (常作可数名词) 技术；方法
This will lead to the development of new techniques .
There are various teaching techniques that have to be learned before one can teaches well .
He is learning the technique of painting .
测试要点：区别technique和technology
technique是可数名词，指做某事的方法或者技巧。technology常作不可数名词，指经过科学和工业的生产过程的技术。
advanced techniques先进的技术。chemical technology化学工艺。space technology空间技术。science and technology科学和技术。
6. glove手套
测试要点：表达一双手套时用：a pair of gloves
7. hopeless绝望的；无望的
This patient seems hopeless . 这个病人痊愈的希望渺茫。
测试要点：该词在句中时，后面的反意疑问句仍用否定式。如：
She felt hopeless when she saw how difficult the problem was , didn’t she ?
8. Marxism马克思主义，Marxist马克思主义者（的）。
socialism社会主义，socialist社会主义者（的）。
Ours is a socialist country . 我们的祖国是社会主义国家。
Deng Xiaoping‘s theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics is a great banner . 邓小平的建设有特色的社会主义理论是一面伟大的旗帜。
take Marxism as a guide to action把马克思主义作为行动的指南
C. 单元重点词组扫瞄
1. Less noise , please . = Please make less noise . = Please be quiet . = Please keep silent . 请安静 ！
2. gather round集合起来；把……集合起来
Gather round . Ladies and gentlemen , and see this wonderful new invention .
3. do / make a drawing绘画；绘图
He is good at doing drawings of animals . 他擅长画动物。
4. come down from从……下来
This song comes down from the 19th century .
The prices of vegetables have come down . 蔬菜的价格已经降了下来。
5. pipe … into用管子把……输送到
In many countries with sea coasts human waste is piped directly into the sea without being treated . 许多沿海的国家对人的粪便不加处理便用管子直接将其排入海中。
6. break down把……分解；机器发生故障；建筑物倒塌；计划失败
Water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen . 水被分解成氢和氧。
A good method is to take the water far out to sea in ships where the wind and waves breaks it down .
7. escape from从……逃走；流出
Gas escaped from the pipe .
The soldier escaped from the enemy’s prison .
8. all forms of各种各样的
They seek to protect all forms of life in oceans .
9. pass the law通过法律。make a law制定法律。
China has made special laws to deal with waste and control pollution .
They have made a law against smoking in public places .
In 1989 an international law was passed to stop people putting waste into the sea .
10. be ( very ) active in 在……积极
China has also been very active in protecting the environment .
11. a mountain of , mountains of , a huge mountain of大量的
In western countries , mountains of rubbish are thrown away every day .
12. play a game做游戏；比赛
Let’s go out and play a game of basketball .
13. multiply A by B“以B乘A”
14. make an effort to do = make great efforts to do尽力干……。
He made great efforts to save the his patient .
15. shut down关闭；关上
Many factories were shut down because they polluted the schools around .
16. be disappointed with / at / about对……感到失望
Deeply disappointed with the skirt the tailor made , she decided to buy another one .
17. at birth在出生时
Separated at birth , the twins don’t know each other .
It was said that the baby weighed 9 pounds at birth .
18. be ill with患……病
She is ill with heart disease .
19. be skilled at / in精通；擅长
Our teachers are skilled at using modern teaching techniques .
20.work hard against致力于反对……
D. 单元语法学习目标
在1 — 5单元中重点学习了定语从句的应用、名词性从句的理解和 -ing分词的具体应用。测试中注意下列语法知识的综合运用。
定语从句常见考点例释
一、关系代词that的选用
例1 . To get the job started , ____ I need is your permission . (MET 85)
A . only what B . all what C . all that D . only that
例2 . Finally , the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police . (MET 87)
A . after B . what C . whatever D . that
例3 . All ____ is needed is a supply of oil . (MET 89)
A . the thing B . that C . what D . which
以上例题答案分别为C，B和B。它们考查的是一个知识点，即在定语从句中，当先行词为all , everything , something , nothing等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。此外，在定语从句中关系代词只用that，不用which的情况还有当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或当先行词既有人又有物时。如：
This is the best film that has been shown this year . 这是今年放映的最好的一部电影。
He talked about the school and the teachers that he had visited . 他谈论着他参观过的学校和老师们。
二、关系代词whose的选用
例1 . A child ____ parents are dead is called an orphan . (MET 86)
A . which B . his C . whose D . with
例2 . His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor . (MET 88)
A . of whom B . whom C . of whose D . whose
whose和his , her , their等形容词性的物主代词，尽管两者在意义上相近，但whose
在定语从句中作定语，修饰其后的名词，表示“……的”，不可用his , her等物主代词来代替。以上例题虽然选项设置差异较大，但考查点相同。其答案分别为C和D。
三、关系代词与关系副词的选用
例1 . I can still remember the sitting-room ____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening . (MET 86)
A . what B . which C . that D . where
例2 . After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child . (NMET 96)
A . which B . where C . that D . when
例3 . I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers , ____ has a great effect on my life . (94上海高考题)
A . that; which B . when; which C . which; that D . when; who
例4 . I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together . (NMET 95改错题)
例5 . I lived in Beijing , where is the capital of China . (NMET 97改错题)
在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的选用，并非完全由先行词来决定，而是由关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分来决定的。一般来说，关系代词that , which和who在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，whom作宾语；而关系副词when , where和why则只能用时间、地点和原因状语。以上所举例题答案1 . D 2 . B 3 . B 4 . 由于从句中spent为及物动词，关系词作其宾语，故应将when改为which或that或省略二者；5 . 关系词应在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故应把where改为which。
四、非限制性定语从句的判定及其关系词which的选用
例1 . She heard a terrible noise , ____ brought her heart into her mouth . (NMET 91)
A . it B . which C . this D . that
例2 . The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect . (NMET 94)
A . what B . which C . that D . it
以上两题都选B。非限制性定语从句的一个典型判断标志是从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，它只是先行词的附加说明，省去后不会影响主句的表达。在非限制性定语从句中，通常不用that来引导。另外，which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词既可为单个的词(如例1)，也可为主句所叙述的事(如例2) 。
五、“介词 + 关系代词”结构
例1 . He paid the boy___10 for washing the windows , most of ____ hasn’t been cleaned at least a year . (MET 90)
A . these B . those C . that D . which
例2 . In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help . (MET 92)
A . that B . who C . for whom D . to whom
在定语从句中，能用于“介词 + 关系代词”结构中作介词宾语的关系代词只有whom (指人时)和which(指物或事时)。这种结构易于掌握，以上两题都选D。值得一提的是同学们在学习中要注意这种结构中介词的来源和选用，如例2用了一个短语“turn to sb . for help”(向某人求助) 。
动名词、不定式作宾语的区别
动名词和不定式都能作宾语，用动名词还是用不定式要受前边的动词限制，下面就把分别能接动名词和不定式的动词作一归类。
一、只能接动名词作宾语，中学教材中常见的动词有：avoid , admit , advise , consider , delay , enjoy , finish , forbid , give up , imagine , keep , mind , miss , practise , permit , resist , risk , suggest , stop等。( stop后虽也能接不定式，但不定式是作状语的。) 例如：
I am considering changing my plan .
We don’t permit smoking here but you are allowed to smoke here .
二、只能接不定式的动词有：①要求、希望、想要一类的动词。如：hope , wish , expect , intend (想要)，ask , demand；②同意一类的动词。如：agree , promise；③愿不愿意一类的动词。如：care (愿意)，refuse等；④决定、企图一类的动词。如：determine , decide , offer , attempt , manage , hesitate等。外加plan , pretend , fail。剩下的可按以下口诀来记：想要干，同意办；愿不愿意，别假扮，问问看，一旦决定，尽量干。例如：
They decided to do the experiment again .
Tom failed to pass the examination .
三、即可接不定式，又可接动名词，意思上无多大差别的有：begin , start , love , hate , continue , need , require , want , like。但begin和start在下列情况下只要求接不定式：
1) 主语是物而不是人；2) start和begin本身是进行时；3) 表示一个心理认识的过程。如：He began to realize that he was wrong .
别外require , want (需要)，need这三个词都表示“需要”，指客观事物需要……时，虽接不定式和动名词意义上无区别，但动名词用主动形式，不定式用被动形式。例如：
The desks need repairing . The desks need to be repaired .
四、接不定式和接动名词意义上有很大差别，中学教材中出现的有：remember , forget , regret , try , mean。这些动词还可分为两类，remember , forget , regret是接动名词和不定式含义不同；regret , try和mean是因本身词义的不同，分别要求接不定式或动名词。例如：
I remember locking the door . 我记得把门锁上了。(已经完成的动作，但忘记做过了。)
Remember to lock the door when you leave . 当你离开时，记着锁门。(接不定式，记着要去做某事，表示未发生。)
注：这三个词接动名词的一般式=完成时=不定式的完成式。
try + 动名词，含义“试一试”或“试试做某事” ; try + 不定式，含义是“做一番努力，试图做某事。”例如：
I tried sending her flowers but it didn’t have any effect . 我试着给她送花，但没有结果。
I will try to finish the work on time . 我将设法准时完成那项工作。
mean + 动名词，含义是“意味着”；mean + 不定式，含义是“打算、想要”。例如：
Revolution means liberating the productive force . 革命就是解放生产力。
I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings . 我没想伤害你的感情。
名词性从句10注意
1. 主语是reason的表语从句要用that引导，而不用because。
The reason (why) I came to school late today was that I didn’t get up on time . 今天我上学晚的理由是我没准时起床。
2. that作连接词，除少数介词(except , but , in)外，一般不能作介词宾语。that引导的从句如果作其它介词的宾语，就需用it先行一步作形式宾语，把that从句后置。
I didn’t look anywhere except ／ but (that I looked) in your room . 除了你的寝室以外，我那儿也没找。
You may depend on it that they will support you . 你可以依靠他们来帮你。
3. whether引导所有名词性从句，能用于作介词宾语从句；和or not连用；用在discuss , argue等动词后和sure , certain等形容词后，引导宾语从句。
Whether it is true remains a question . 此事是否属实有待证明。
Please tell me whether he is there or not . 请告诉我他是否在那里。
We discussed whether we should close the shop . 我们讨论是否关闭这家商店。
4. 动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用that作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用whether或if皆可，而不用that。
Do you doubt that he will win ? 你难道怀疑他将取胜 ?
I don‘t doubt that your proposition is wrong . 我相信你的建议是错的。
He doubt whether I know it . 他怀疑我知道了此事。
5. 连接代词不仅有连接作用，而且还在从句中充当主语，表语、定语等句子成分。常见连接代词有who , whom , whose which , what , whatever , whoever。
What surprised me most was that he won the first prize . 最使我吃惊的是他赢得了一等奖。(what作从句主语)
6. 连接副词除了连接从句外，还在从句中作状语。常见连接副词有when , where , why , how。
How he became a great success is known to us all . 他怎样成了一个成功人物大家都知道。(how在主语从句中作状语)
7. 名词性从句的语序。无论名词性从句是疑问句，还是陈述句，它的语序应为陈述语序。
Do you know when he will come back ? 知道他何时回来吗 ?
8. 正确掌握名词性从句谓语动词的时态。这是学习和掌握名词性从句的难题之一，在名词性从句中重点是宾语从句谓语动词的时态。
若主句谓语动词为一般现在时和一般将来时，宾语从句的动词可根据句意用它所需要的任何状态。
Will you tell me how you learned English well ? 告诉我你怎么学好英语的，好吗 ?
I think he’ll be back in an hour . 我想一小时后他会来的。
若主句谓语动词是过去时态时，从句中的动词须用过去的相应时态。
I thought they were having lessons . 我想他们正在上课。
She said she had done her homework . 她说她已做完了作业。
Mary said she would help me with my English . 玛丽说她将帮我学英语。
宾语从句表达客观真理，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us light travels faster than sound . 老师告诉我们光的速度比声音快。
9. 否定转移问题。在主句为第一人称主语后跟think , believe , suppose , expect , guess , imagine等动词时，宾语从句的否定形式应转移到主句中。
We don‘t expect he will come tonight , will he ?
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
1. My niece isn’t feeling ___ well this evening because she had ____ breakfast .
A. too much ; too much B. much too ; much too
C. much too ; too much D. too much ; much too
[解析]C。much too为副词短语，修饰形容词和副词; too much为形容词短语修饰不可数名词，作主语或表语。
2. I have three friends. One is Mary, ____ is Jack and still ____ is John .
A. the other ; another B. another ; the other
C. another ; another D. other ; the other
[解析]C。表示第一、第二、第三的方法一般是：one, another, the third。如没有the third, 可用another代替。
3. China ____ the third world is greater now .
A. belongs B. belongs to C. belonging to D. belonged to
[解析]C。现在分词短语作定语，修饰China。belong to不能用于被动语态。
4.Is this the farm ____ he used to work on ?
A. which B. the one C. where D. in which
[解析] A。which为on的宾语。
5.─ When was the ____ bridge built ?
─ About thirty years ago .
A.huge red steel B.red huge steel
C.steel red huge D.steel huge red
[解析]A。形容词的顺序原则常为：限定词 + 描绘性形容词 + 大小形状 + 新旧 + 颜色 + 产地 + 材料 + 用途类别。
6.The Shaolin Temple is famous ____ a place of interest .
A. as B. for C. to D. by
[解析]A。be famous as作为……地方或职业而闻名，be famous to为……所知，be famous for以……闻名。
7. ─ There is lots of cheese left .
─ Would you like ____ ?
A. one more B. another one C. any more D. some more
[解析]D。more为形容词，意为“另外的，多余的”，又因cheese为不可数名词。
8.This kind of blouse ____ . When I got to the store , I found all the blouses ____ .
A. sells good ; selling out B. is sold well ; selling out
C. sells well ; sold out D. is sold good ; sold out
[解析]C。sell为不及物动词，单独使用为“销售”，用主动形式表示被动含义，前句为“这种衬衫销路好”。而sell out意为“卖完”，可用于被动语态，后句为过去分词短语作宾语补足语。
9. It took him ____ to work out that problem .
A. one and a half hour B. an hour and a half
C. one and half hour D. an hour and half
[解析]B。“一个半小时”：“ one and a half hours ”，和“ an hour and a half ”。
10.It was said that I ____ a car accident . I ____ laughing .
A. died of ; died from B. died in ; was dying of
C. died from ; died of D. was dying of ; was dying
[解析]B。此句译为“有人说我死于车祸，我都要笑死了。”
11.I got ____ to him and he told me that he had got ____ the exam .
A. though ; through B. up ; through C. through ; into D. over ; out
[解析]A。前一个get through为“打通电话”，后一个为“通过考试”。
12.The department store suddenly ____ , and it ____ for nearly half an hour .
A. was on fire ; caught fire B. caught fire ; was on fire
C. caught fire ; was put out D. was on fire ; put out
[解析]B。catch fire强调“着火”这一动作，be on fire表示火“着”的状态。
13.I called ____ her at home .
A. with the hope of finding B. in the hope to find
C. in the hope of finding D. in hopes to find
[解析]C。in the hope of为固定词组“怀着……的希望”。
14. Although he was not ____ tired , he didn‘t care ____ .
A. a little ; a little B. a bit ; a bit
C. a little ; a bit D. a bit ; a little
[解析]C。not a little “很，非常”；not a bit“一点也不”．
15.─Is Mr White out of danger ?
─No , ____ than before , I’m afraid .
A. no better B. a little better C. not worse D. no worse
[解析]A。no better than = as bad as“和以前一样糟糕”。
16.─Can you attend the party tomorrow ,Tom ?
─I can when my headache ____ thoroughly .
A. will disappear B. is disappearing C.disappears D.will haved is appeared
[解析]C。句中的when相当于if , 常从句中动词用一般现在时代表将来时。
【妙文赏析】
This incident happened one morning outside Albert Schweitzer’s hospital in the African jungle . A patient had gone fishing in another man’s boat . The owner of the boat thought he should be given all the fish that were caught . Dr Schweitzer said to the boat owner:
“You are right because the other man ought to have asked permission to use your boat . But you are wrong because you are careless and lazy . You merely twisted(缠绕) the chain of your boat round a tree instead of fastening it with a lock . You are guilty(内疚) of laziness because you were asleep in your hut on this moonlight night instead of making use of the good opportunity for fishing . ”
He turned to the patient:“But you were in the wrong when you took the boat without asking the owner’s permission . You were in the right because you were not so lazy as he was and you did not want to let the moonlight night go by without making some use of it . ”
Dr Schweitzer divided the catch among the fisherman , the boat owner , and the hospital .
1 . Schweitzer told the men that ____ .
A . each was partly right and partly wrong B . both men were completely right
C . both men were completely wrong D . one man was more guilty than the other
2 . The owner of the boat was wrong because ____ .
A . the boat did not really belong to him B . he should have locked his boat to the tree
C . he wasted a good fishing night D . both B and C
3 . The final judgement was that ____ .
A . all the fish should go to the patient B . all the fish should go to owner of the boat
C . all the fish should be destroyed D . everyone in the story should get a third of the fish
4 . Implied (暗示) but not stated:____ .
A . Both men were patients B . The natives trusted Dr Schweitzer
C . Dr Schweitzer’s hospital was in the jungle D . The boat was fastened with a rope
答案与解析：
1 . A 根据文章第二段和第三段，Schweitzer医生告诉这两个人，他们分别有对也有错。他分析病人和船主的对错时并未指出谁比谁更错，故D不正确。B、C与文章内容不符，所以答案为A。2 . D 船主的错误有两方面：一是他本该把船锁在树上，二是他浪费掉了一晚上捕鱼的好时光。根据第二段中Schweitzer说的“但你的错误在于粗心和懒惰。你只是用链条把船缠绕在树上而没有将其锁住。你应当为你的懒惰而感到内疚，因为你没有充分利用这有月光的晚上去捕鱼，而是躲在棚子里睡觉。” 3 . D 根据文章的最后一句话，Schweitzer医生把所捕到的鱼在打鱼人、船主和医院三家中分了。Schweitzer医生属医院一方。显然每家分得三分之一的鱼。 4 . B 从文中二、三段可知，Schweitzer医生分析得很在理，而且经他调解，病人和般主能接受他分鱼的办法，说明当地人十分信任Schweitzer医生。从文章中不能推断出船主也是病人，故A不对。文中已讲到Schweitzer医生的医院在非洲丛林里，因此答案C并非暗示。答案D“船一根绳子把船拴牢”与文中“你只是用船上的链条将船缠绕在一棵树上”不一致，也并暗示，故D也不正确。
【思维体操】
One day I saw two policemen walking along the street . Not far (1) them was a working man working man who was walking along (2) with his hands in his (3) . One of the policemen gave him a (4) push and he bumped (碰撞) into (5) policeman . The second policeman then grasped him (6) the collar and (7) him to the pavement , (8) that he was attacking an officer of the law .
“That’s (9) , ”I cried . “That policemen pushed him . I saw it . The man (10) his hands in his pockets . ”The policemen were already (11) the man . Blow after blow they (12) upon his face . Blood was flowing (13) his nose . (14) of a sudden I threw (15) on one of the policemen , (16) at him . There were shouts and running feet . (17) the corner came a group of policeman , running . A big arm caught (18) of me and I was thrown (19) ten feet into the street , a button (20) the policeman’s coat got (21) my fingers . Two working men picked me up and (22) me into a nearby printing press .
There I (23) the police clear the street with their clubs and (24) the bleeding and blinded woring man (25) to the police station - for “attacking an office of the law“!
1 . A . off B . away C . to D . from
2 . A . quiet B . quietly C . quick D . quicken
3 . A . pockets B . coat C . jacket D . bag

4 . A . little B . good C . sudden D . great deal

5 . A . other B . another C . the other D . the rest
6 . A . on B . of C . by D . with
7 . A . put B . threw C . knocked D . drove
8 . A . shouting B . shout C . shouted D . to shout
9 . A . push B . joke C . mistake D . a lie
10 . A . laid B . had C . remained D . hid
11 . A . at B . again C . with D . upon
12 . A . rained B . covered C . lost D . made
13 . A . out of B . out C . of D . through
14 . A . But B . And C . So D . All
15 . A . a knife B . a gun C . myself D . a hand
16 . A . tearing B . looking C . pointing D . aiming
17 . A . Around B . To C . In D . On
18 . A . head B . hand C . hold D . arm
19 . A . fully B . enough C . hardly D . at
20 . A . of B . for C . to D . from
21 . A . by B . between C . on D . among
22 . A . brought B . lead C . took D . carried
23 . A . followed B . watched C . disclosed D . examined
24 . A . catch B . send C
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