| <<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 22
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Lesson 85 1. So how did you get into the castle? 那么你是如何进入城堡的呢? Get into 进入; 使……从事于; 陷入; 染上……习惯. 例如: The train was so full that I couldn’t get into it. 火车太拥挤了, 我上不去. He didn’t get into bed until midnight yesterday. 他昨天直到半夜才去睡觉. You mustn’t get into the habit of smoking. 你们千万不能染上抽烟的习惯. How did you get into such a situation? 你怎么弄到这个地步的? 2. The guards couldn’t have been watching very carefully. 卫兵不可能一直进行严密的监视. You must have been mad to speak to the servant! She might have called for help. 你当时对那个仆人讲话真是疯了, 她可能会喊救命的. *** 表示推测的句型: 1) “主语 + must + 动词原型” 表示对现在情况的肯定推测; 而“主语 + can’t + 动词原型” 则表示对现在情况的否定推测; Can + 主语 + 动词原型” 则表示对现在情况的疑问推测; 2) “主语 + must + have + 动词过去分词” 表示对过去情况的肯定推测; 而“主语 + can’t + have +动词过去分词” 则表示对过去情况的否定推测; Can + 主语 + have + 动词过去分词” 则表示对过去情况的疑问推测; 例如: --- There is the door bell. It must Mr Li. --- It can’t be Mr Li. For he has gone to Shanghai already. --- Can it be his wife? --- It might be . --- 门钤响了. 准是李先生. --- 不可能是李先生. 因为他已经去了上海. --- 会是他的太太吗? --- 也许是吧. Mary must have caught a bad cold; she haven’t been here for three days. 玛丽准是感冒了; 她已三天没来了. You couldn’t have read the letter, for I burnt it as soon as I got it. 你不可能看过那封信, 因为我一收到信就烧毁了. What can have happened to him? 他可能发生了什么事呢? 注意下面推测句子的反意疑问句. He must be a doctor, isn’t he? You must have read the book, haven’t you? You must have read the book before, didn’t you? (如果句子中有过去时间状语就要用一般过去时) 3. I spoke to her and persuaded her to let me in. 我跟她讲话并且说服了她让我进去. 短语: persuade sb. to do sth. = persuade sb. into doing sth. 劝服某人去干某事 例如: I persuaded him to go / into going there with me. 我劝服了他跟我一块儿去那儿. persuade sb. 劝服某人 He has persuaded his friends. 他劝服了他的朋友. persuade sb. that … . 使某人相信…… 例如: How can I persuade him that I am his cousin? 我怎样才能使他相信我是他的表兄呢? 4. I explained to her that the rich were the enemies of the people of France. 我向她解释, 富人是法国人民的敌人. 短语: explain to sb. sth. = explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 *** 间接宾语前的介词to 不能省略. 例如: The teacher explained to the class the difficult maths problem. = The teacher explained the difficult maths problem to the class. 老师向全班同学讲解了那道数学难题. The student explained to us the reason for his being late. 那个学生向我们解释了他迟到的理由. explain 后面也可以接宾语从句或动词不定式疑问结构. 例如: He explained to us what had happened to him that day. 他向我们解释了那天他发生的事. He explained to us how to operate the computer. 他向我解释了怎样操作电脑. 1. <<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 22 Lesson 86 1. They had come from England, having heard the strange news that Dr Manette, Lucie’s father, was alive and was living in Paris. 他们从英国来, 是因为听到一个奇怪的消息 --- 露茜的父亲曼奈特医生仍然活着, 并且还住在巴黎. (1.) 句中的having heard the strange news 是现在分词完成式短语作原因状语, 表示该动作先于谓语. 再如: Having heard the death of Lincoln, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 听到林肯逝世的消息后, 举国上下沉浸在深深的悲哀之中. (2.) News后面部分是同位语从句. 2. Defarge was pleased at their arrival. 对他们的到来, 德法奇很高兴. be pleased at … 听到/ 见到……感到高兴; be pleased with… 对……感到高兴; at 表示瞬间的动作引起的一时的感情流露; 而with 则表示较长时间的心理状态. 例如: We are very pleased at the news of his success. 我们听说他成功的消息非常高兴. Parents are very pleased with their son’s success . 父母对儿子的成功感到非常高兴. The boss is very pleased with your work.. 老板对你们的的工作很满意. 3. Her father, Dr manette had disappeared a short time before his wife’s death and no one knew what had happened to him. 她的父亲, 曼奈特医生, 在他妻子去世前不久就失踪了, 没有人知道他出了什么事. disappear vi. ---go out of sight 消失, 指人或物从视线上消失. 例如: The fog disappeared when the sun came up. 太阳一出来雾就消散了. When spring comes, the snow and ice disappear. 春临大地, 冰雪消融. It’s five years since he disappeared. 他失踪已五年了. ***disappear 是瞬间动词, 不能说 He has disappeared for 5 years. 4. Dr. Manette had been mentally disturbed by his long years alone in prison…. 由于多年被单独关在牢房, 曼奈特医生精神失常了. Disturb vt 妨碍, 打扰(睡眠/工作), 扰乱, 使心神不宁. 例如: The noise in the next classroom disturbed our class. 隔壁教室的噪音干扰了我们的课堂. The bad weather disturbed our plan. 糟糕的天气干扰了我们的计划. He is disturbed about the situation there. 他对那儿的局势感到不安. May I disturb you for a moment? 我可以打扰你一会儿吗? 5. Now he could not live in peace unless his door was locked. 他的房间要是不上锁, 他就心里不安. in peace 平安地, 安静地 = peacefully 例如: We live in peace. 我们和睦相处. 6. Dr. Manette had been put in prison for no good reason. 曼奈特医生被关进牢房并没有什么正当的理由. for + …… reason 由于……的理由; the reason for …… ……的原因; 例如: My eyes filled with tears for no reason. 我眼睛不明不白地流泪. He didn’t attend the meeting for some reason. 由于某种原因他没有去开会. The reason for the flood was all that heavy rain. 洪水完全是大雨引起的. the reason for this decision 作出这一决定的理由; for a simple reason 为了一个简单的原因 7. One day he had been called out to attend a young peasant and his sister. 有一天他被叫去出诊, 给一位年轻农民和他的姐姐看病. attend vt 护理; 照顾; 出席; 听课 例如: Mary herself patiently attended the sick man. 玛丽亲自护理那个病人. Mr Chen, the headmaster attended our class-meeting last Monday afternoon. 校长陈先生上周一下午参加了我们的班会. Many teachers attended our English class this morning. 许多老师听了上午的英语课. 2. 8. … so that he would keep silent over the matter. ……以便使他无法把这事张扬出去. 短语keep silent over sth / about sth / on sth. 对……保持沉默 例如: He has remained / kept silent on / over / about it. 迄今他对此事保持沉默. 10. The peasants had to pay heavy taxes and suffered greatly from hunger. 农民要负担重税, 还要忍饥挨饿. suffer vt. 遭受(痛苦, 损害) vi. 受苦, 患病, 受损失/折磨; suffer from 苦于……, 患……病; 例如: The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake. 那个城市因地震而受到严重破坏. They suffered a great deal in the war. 他们在战争中遭受巨大的痛苦. Last week I suffered from a bad cold. 上周我患了重感冒. Before liberation peasants often suffered from hunger and cold. 解放前, 农民们经常挨饿受冻. 11. … preferring to give up the fortune that would one day came to him. ……宁愿放弃将来有一天会属于他的那份财产. fortune 财产, 机会, 运气; a man of fortune 富人; make a fortune 发财致富; marry a fortune 嫁 / 娶一位有钱的人; try one’s fortune 碰运气; by good fortune 由于幸运 例如: He made a fortune by discovering a good mine. 他发现了一个金矿, 发了大财. Come to 降临, 发生, 出现; 共计, 达到. 例如: After much thought, the answer came to him. 思索好久以后, 他想出了答案. A good idea came to my mind. 我刚想出了一个好主意. His earning comes to thirty thousand yuan a year. 他一年的收入达三万. 12. under an English name 用一个英国名字 under 在……掩护下 under a false name 以假名例如: The prisoner escaped under the cover of darkness. 那个犯人趁着黑夜逃跑了. A stranger entered our office under the new headmaster. 一个陌生人冒充新来的校长进入我们的办公室. 3. <<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 22 Lesson 87 1. In the country the revolutionaries set fire to the nobles’ castles and burnt them to the ground. 在乡村, 革命者放火烧毁了贵族的城堡, 把它们夷为平地. set fire to … = set … on fire 放火焚烧 …… ; 使 ……着火. He set fire to the shop. 他放火烧了那家商店. burn … to the ground, 把 ……夷为平地 例如: The Japanese invaders burnt our villages to the ground. 日本侵略者把我们的村庄夷为平地. 2. Some time later, Charles Darnay found at a bank in London a letter from France addressed to him, or rather to the Marquis St. Evremonde, for his father and uncle were now dead. 过了一些时候, 查尔斯. 达尼在伦敦一家银行里发现了一封法国来信, 信是写给他的, 或者更确切地说, 是写给埃弗雷蒙侯爵的, 但因为他父亲和叔叔都已经死了. addressed to sb. 写给某人的信. 过去分词短语做定语. 再如: Here is a letter addressed to you. = Here is a letter for you. 有你的一封信. address n. 地址; 演说/讲话(正式的) 例如: I have written to her at her new address. 我已写信寄到他的新地址了. The chairman gave an opening address 大会主席致开幕词. vt 写地址 address the letter = address the envelope 在信封上写收信人的姓名地址 vt 向 ……讲话 例如: The new headmaster addressed the students in an eloquent speech. 新校长向学生们做了一个具有说服力的演讲. 3. On reading it, he found that a servant of the family in France had been put in prison, through no fault of his own. 一看信, 他发现法国家中的一名仆人没有任何过错就被关进了监狱. (1.) 介词短语on reading it = As soon as he read it 介词on / upon后面可接名词或动名词短语, 相当于时间状语从句, 强调一个动作发生, 另一个动作也立即发生. 例如: On arriving at the station, he found his wife and son waiting to meet him. 他一到车站, 立即发现他的妻子和儿子在等着迎接他. On hearing her baby crying, the mother rushed into the house. 一听到婴儿的哭声, 母亲冲进了房子. On his return from abroad, he was fired by the company. 他一从国外回来就被公司解雇了. (2.) through no fault of his own 并不是由于他本人的过错, 介词through 在这儿作 “由于” “因为” 译, 表示因果关系, 后面接名词或动名词短语. 例如: He lost his job through his carelessness. 他由于粗心大意而丢了工作. The boy became ill through eating too much. 那个男孩由于吃得太多生病了. 4. When the people in the court heard this there was no doubt in their minds that the St. Evremonde family had done much wrong. 在法庭上人们听到这件事时, 他们的脑海里都无疑地认为埃弗雷蒙家族实在是罪恶滔天. (1.) there is no doubt that…毫无疑问 ……. 例如: There is no doubt that you will succeed. 毫无疑问你一定会成功的. = I have no doubt that you will succeed. There is no doubt that English is one of the world’s widely used languages. 毫无疑问, 英语是世界上应用最广泛的语言之一. (2.) do wrong 做错事, 做坏事, 这儿的wrong 是名词, 它还可构成 do sb. wrong 冤屈某人 例如: You have do wrong in telling a lie. 你撒谎是不对的. You have done me a great wrong. 你太冤屈我了. My father suffered great wrong in “the Culture Revolution”. 我爸爸在文化大革命中遭受了极大冤屈. do good 做好事; do harm 危害; Any kind of pollution will do harm to health. 任何污染都会危害健康. (3.) court n 法庭, 法院 take sb. to court 起诉某人; 4 settle out of court 庭外解决; 5. Charles was sentenced to death and would have his head cut of the next day. 查尔斯被判处死刑, 第二天将被砍头. 句中的sentence 是动词, 作 “宣判” 译, sentence sb. to death 判某人死刑; sentence sb. to five years in prison 判某人五年监禁; sentence sb. to ten years’ hard labour. 判某人十年劳役 . 例如: The murderer was sentenced to death last week. 那个凶手上周被判了死刑. 6. … he learnt why they were so eager to have Charles sentenced to death. 他了解到他们为什么强烈要求处死查尔斯的原因. be eager to do sth. 迫切要干某事; 例如: They are eager to know the result of the exam. 他们急切地想要知道考试成绩. I’m not so eager to get a new car now. 目前我并不急于买新车. 7. Meanwhile, Sydney, who had taken the place of his friend Charles, had his head cut off. 而与此同时, 悉尼已代替他的朋友查尔斯被砍了头. take the place of … = take sb.’s place 代替…… 例如: Electric trains have taken the place of steam trains in most parts of our country. 在我国绝大部分地方, 电气火车已代替了蒸汽机车. Mr. Chen takes your former headmaster’s place. 陈先生代替了你们的前任校长. *** take place 发生, 举行 What did their wedding take place? 他们的婚礼什么时候举行的? 8. It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; It is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known. 我所做的, 是我所做过的最好, 最最好的事; 我所得到的, 是我所得到过的最安详, 最最安详的休息. 句中的far是副词, 意思是 “很” “大大地”. 一般用在比较级前, 表示程度上有所加强. 如: It is far better to go there by plane. 乘飞机去那儿要好得多. 可以用来修饰形容词比较级的词还有: much; even; still; 等. 再如: This story is even more interesting than that one. 这个故事比那个故事更有趣. 5 <<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 22 Lesson 88 Language study: 本单元学习动词的-ing 形式在句中用作状语和定语, 状语修饰句中的谓语动词. 定语修饰名词. 动词的-ing 形式有两种类型, 即: 一般式和完成式. 动词的-ing 形式的一般式是在动词原形的基础上加上词尾-ing (动词原形的词尾有e的, 要去掉e), 例如: working ; knowing ; writing ; having ; studying ; saying 等. 动词的-ing 形式的完成式是用 “having + 该动词的过去分词” 构成, 例如: 动词write 的完成形式的-ing 形式是: having written 再如: having worked ; having studied ; having known ; having discovered . 动词的-ing 形式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般是同时进行的, 例如: They went out of the room, talking and laughing. Charles Darney left France, preferring to give up his fortune. 动词的-ing 形式的完成式所表示的动作则在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成了, 例如: Having brought her father back to England, Lucie helped him to get better. 动词的-ing 形式在句中可作多种状语, 例如: (1.) 表示方式或伴随情况: She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. She stood there, waiting for the bus. Laughing and talking, they went into the park. (2.) 表示原因: Being a brave man, Charles returned to France. Not knowing English, she couldn’t understand the film. Not having received a reply he decided to write another letter. Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out. 这种动词的-ing形式的短语相当于原因状语从句. He decided not to go out since he knew it was going to rain. (3.) 表示时间: Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see a beautiful park. Having finished the work, they had a rest. 这种动词的-ing形式的短语相当于时间状语从句. When they had finished their work, they had a rest 动词的-ing 形式作定语, 相当于形容词, 一般放在名词的前面; 但-ing形式构成了短语作定语则要放在名词后面. 例如: He often watches the doctors in the operating room. Bricks, stones and sands are building materials. The students studying in our university come from all parts of our country 6. |
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