| 谭老师暑假讲语法(二) |
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一.名词的数与格 1、物质名词象plactic，rice，grass，rock，永远是不可数的。 2、象iron，glass，papers，wood，99%是不可数的，但在转义为具体的人造成品如:烫斗，茶杯，报纸、论文、试卷,小森林时是可数的。 He’s reading （A、a paper，B.paper，C.papers ),holding （A、a glass，B.glass，C.glasses ) in his hand. The book sells well,（A、a paper，B.paper，C.papers ) (A.are B. is )more expensive after the book was pubished. 3、象water，sand,snow,mountain 99%s是不可数的,但表示大范围,数量极其多,强调气势时是可数复数.英语中waters,sands,snows,mountains与water,sand,snow,mountain究竟有什么区别，就非常令中国学生困惑。先让我们看下面的句子： 1)、They built the High Dam to control the waters. 2).He washed his hand in the water,and drink some water.water is good for him. 3).Crusoe were walking in the sands,when he saw a footmark. 4).Spring firsrt come to the plain,then come to the snows. 5).He lay on the snow. waters常表示大范围的,数量极多的，有感情色彩的“汪洋大水”“洪水”，在日常生活中是较少用的。在所有不强调大数量，大气势的普通情况下的水都应用water。例如“High Dam controls the waters."“大坝控制了水。”Waters are coming!"“洪水来了！”而“他在水里洗手。”肯定是小范围的水，用in the water,物质类别也用water.英语sands 表示大范围的“沙滩”sand 表示“沙”或“沙堆”。“克里索在沙滩上散步”是大范围的，用sands,而"克里索看见沙里有一个脚印”“脚印”肯定是小范围的，就应该用sand.不应用“sands",中国人说“沙滩上有个脚印”觉得很自然和正常，但其实“看见”大范围的“sands”里有个“footmark”就象“看见大西洋里有一根绣花针”一样不合比例。snows是“积雪”，也只是在强调大范围，大数量，惊人气势的“积雪”时用。小范围具体特殊的人同样不应躺在普遍大范围的“积雪上”。“一个人”同样不应住在大范围的'mountains"里，而应该是on the mountain。 4.中文看起来可数,象"水果""家具"鱼"米".草.消息.建议等名词在英语中却是不可数的.这要从具体与抽象的逻辑概念上理解。据说毛泽东曾和他的警卫开过这样的玩笑。他叫警卫去买“一斤水果”回来，那警卫买一斤苹果回来了。但毛泽东说这是“一斤苹果”不是“一斤水果”啊？警卫说“一斤苹果”就是“一斤水果”啊？毛泽东说，“苹果”是具体的，“水果”是抽象的，具体的东西与抽象的东西是不能等同的，具体的“一斤”不应与抽象的“水果”搭配。你不能买回来“一斤水果”，就象你不能买回“一斤甜”一样。英语里的“水果”“家具”“水”不可数，抽象主观的“建议”“新闻”也不可数，甚至在生活中没有细数实用实践意义的“谷粒”“草”“头发”也都属于不可数名词。但我们中国人的习惯是不管这个区别的。不管具体抽象，不管范围宽窄都拿来搭配：“昨天买了两件家具”，“他喝了几口水”，“不浪费一粒米”，"不带走一根草"“告诉你一条新闻”“提一个建议”“留一个脚印在沙滩上”“睡在积雪里”“住在山脉中”在汉语中可能不成问题，但在英语中却不能这样搭配。 6."头发"在表示小范围的与颜色有关时是可数的. 7. police,cattle,people,trousers,glasses(眼镜),永远用复数. 8.抽象名词象pleasure,honour,99%不可数,但表示特定情况下的一次体验是可数单数,往往有to do sth.不定式短语出现在句子中表示具体一次的体验. 9.有生命的人拥有的财产用'S所有格 10.无生命的内在组成部件用of所有格. 11.但无生命的时间.距离,天体,城市却常用'S所有格. 1. Please give me some (A.papers B.paper)to read. 2.Please give me some (A.papers B.paper)to make a plane. 3.Crusoe saw a footmark in the (A.sands B.sand ). He was terrified and ran in the (A.sands B.sand ) 4. There are five (A.glasses B.glass)on the table.They're made of (A.glasses B.glass ) 5.I need some (A.iron B.irons ) to make (A.iron B.an iron ) 6.He laid on the (A.snow B.snows).Spring came to the (A.snow B.snows ) and all the (A.snow B.snows ) began to melt. 7.After (A.a B.x )strong wind , there came(A.a B.x )heavy rain .(A.a B.x )flood came to the city, 8.It's (A.a B.x ) pleasure to drive a plane in the sky. 9.please do me (A.a B.x ) favor . 10.It's (A.an B.x ) honour to be praised by the teacher. 11.He stood on the (A.mountain B.mountains ).He wanted to travell in the (A.mountain B.mountains ). 12.I love (A. the flower of the garden B. the garden's flower ),especially I love (A.the flower of my brother B.my brother's flower ). 13.I want to buy (A.a paper of today B.today's paper C. a today's paper ) 14.It's about (A.two hours' walk B.a walk of two hours' C. a walk of two hours )from here. 15.(A.the cat of your brother B.the cat of your brother'sC.Your brother's cat )is very lovely! 16.He's (A.one student of my mother B. one my mother's student C. one of my mother's) 17.I'll return you the money as soon as quickly,just have a little (A.wait B.money C.patience D.rest ) 18. You'll find this map of great (A.price B.costC.value D.usefulness ) 19.I have some (A.money B.moneys )I can lend you some (A.coin B.coins ) 20.She has some gray (A.hair B.hairs ).but her (A.hair is B.hairs are) long. 21. How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long. A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be 22. There at the door stood a girl about the same height _____. A. as me B. as mine C. with mine D. with me 23. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which 24. －Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. －Where was I? －You ______ you didn’t like your father’s job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 25. In order to change attitudes _______ employing women, the government is bringing in new laws. A. about B. of C. towards D. on 26. We weremming in the lake _______ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before 27. We’re going to ________ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us? A. get in B. get over C. get along D. get together 28. On _____ news today, there were ___ reports of heavy snow in that area. A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. 不填；不填 D. 不填；the 29. The shop doesn’t open until 11 a.m., _______ it loses a lot of business. A. for B. or C. but D. so 30. I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy. A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting 31. －Do you think I should get a good guidebook? －Yes, of course. ____, you also need a good camera and comfortable shoes. A. What’s more B. In other words C. By the way D. All in all 32. He looked around and caught a man _______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. 33. He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was _______ from the outside world. A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through 34. I ______ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep 35. _______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 6．—Write to me when you get home. —_________ A．I must B．I should C．I will D．I can 7．Would you slow down a bit, please? I can‘t_______you. A．keep up with B．put up with C．make up to D．hold on to 8．_______ at the door before entering please A．Knocked B．To knock C．Knocking D．Knock 9．The men will have to wait all day______ the doctor works faster. A．if B．unless C．whether D．that 10．Mr Smith, there’s a man at _____ front door who says he has_______news for you of great importance. A．the；不填 B．the；the C．不填；不填 D．不填；the 11．John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true. A．he B．this C．which D．who 12．Hundreds of jobs______ if the factory close. A．lose B．will be lost C．are lost D．will lose 13．If this dictionary is not yours,_______can it be? A．what else B．who else C．which else’s D．who else’s 14．—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? —Yes, I gave it to her_______I saw her. A．while B．the moment C．wuddenly D．once 15．I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I _______ my mum. A．am taking B．have taken C．take D．will have taken 16．—Why haven’t you bought any butter? —I _______to but I forgot about it. A．liked B．wished C．meant D．expected 17．A new cinema_______here. They hope to finish it next month. A．will be built B．is built C．has been built D．is being built 18．I read a bout it in some book or other, does it matter_______it was? A．where B．what C．how D．which 19．Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs_____for the poor. A．more B．much C．many D．most 20．Have a good rest, you need to _______your energy for the tennis match this afternoon. A．leave B．save C．hold D．get 21．_______late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A．To sleep B．Sleeping C．Sleep D．Having slept 22．In that case, there is nothing you can do_______than wait. A．more B．other C．better D．any 23．I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a （an）_______trick. A．ordinary B．easy C．smart D．simple 24．One learns a language by making mistakes and _______them. A．correct B．correcting C．corrects D．to correct 25．______can you expect to get a pay rise. A．With hard work B．Although work hard C．Only with hard work D．Now that he works hard 代词练习 1.Can you tell me (A.everything B,anything C.something)about Long March? 2.Would you like to have (A.any B.some) beer? 3.Does your friend Jean have (A.any B.some) jewelery,why not borrow (A.any B.some)from her? 4.You can eat (A.somethingB.anything)you like,it's nothing serious.You can go (A.somewhereB.anywhere),no one can stop you. 5.(A.Each B.Every) student has his own idea. 6.(A.Each B.Every) student has the same view of the problem. 7.(A.Each B.Everybody) is here,and (A.Each B.Every)student is doing his own job . 8.(A.Every one B.Every C.All D.Everyone) of the magazine had been marked with date and number. 9.It's impossible for all the people to get the job,because (A.Each of B.Every one of C.all of D. none of) them are not fit for it. 10."Which of the four can I use?" "Oh (A.any one B.anyone C.anything D. nothing )" 11.To some people it is pleasure,to (A.ones B. others C. other ones D.those ) it is suffering. 12.She has four daughters,one is in New York (A.other B. the other C.another D. the others )are in Washington. 13.I borrowed some books (A.for B.of C.by D.x) myself, but when I was going to read (A.it B.one C.another),the lamp went out (A.for B.of C.by D,X) itself. and I had to sit in the dark (A.for B.of C.by D.X)myself. 14.----Have you got (A.some B.any)red ink? -----Sorry,I haven't got (A.some B.any). 15.----Haven't you got (A.some B.any) money,Lend me (A.some B.any). 16.Jane is(A.something B.anythingC.anybodyD.somebody) of a musician. 17.(A.Each B.Every)girl has a special suit. 18.We sat near the teacher's desk and heard (A.Each B.Every)word he said. 19.He walked into the hall and shook hands with (A.everybody B.each person) 20.You should think more of (A. another B.others C .the others). 21.there are sixty syudents in our class,fifty-five students have handed in their homework,but (A. another B.others C .the others) haven't handed in (A.their B.them C.theirs) .The teacher should think more of (A. another B.others C .the others). 22.I don't like the apple, please give me(A. another B.others C .the others). 23. The pen is not (A. me B.my C.mine D.my pen).(A.that B.it ) must be (A.someone's B.someone else C.a pen of someone else D.someone else's) 24.I raise a cat.(A.the eyes of it B.its eyes C.it's eyes )are blue. 25. My deskmate is hardworking.(A.His B.He's )father is a peasant . 26.My father is richer than (A.Tom B.Tom's C.Tom's father) 27.Do you know (A. everything B.something C.anything) about my hometown ? Do you want me tell you (A. everything B.something C.anything) about it? 28.Can you tell me (A. everything B.something C.anything) about your hometown? 29.I love (A.all the B.every C.any D.each )books you have. I hope I can read (A.all the B.every C.any D.some )book I love before I am eighty. 30.(A.EveryB.All C.Each) student is in the room. (A.Everyone B.All C.Each ) is doing his own job. 31.I am the king of the family. I can eat (A.Everything B.something C.anything ) in my house. I can beat (A.Everyone B.anyone C.Each D.someone) of my family. 32.(A.Every B.All the C.Each ) students know where the English teacher lives .(A.Everyone B.All C.Each D.any one) of them can lead you to his home. 代词应注意的重点 1.宾格:在及物动词,介词后必须用宾格,注意动词.介词后被隔离远一点的同位语也应该用宾格. 1)He hates all his roommates, Tom, John and (A.I B. me).But Tom, John and (A.I B. me). didn't hate him. 2)My father looked at the three boys, Tom, my brother and (A.I B. me). 2.形容词性代词所有格.my ,your,his ,its ,their后必须跟名词. 注意its 与it's的区别,前者是"它的"所有格,后者是"它是...."的缩写 3.名词性代词所有格是重点和难点:名词性所有格后不需跟名词. Your book is red, Mine is black.(=My book is black.) It's not my letter.It's yours.(=it's your lrtter) He hid his cake in the frige, he is eating hers. (=he is eating her cake) She is not our teacher.She is theirs. =their teacher Your classroom is beautiful, Ours is more beautiful. My father is a doctor,while his（=his father） is a teacher.(只有his 和its的形容词所有格和名词所有格是相同的.) The cat looked at the tiger,the tiger's legs are long, while its（=its legs） are short. mine,yours,hers,ours,theirs,his,its相当于一个上文已出现过的名词:如我的书,你的信,她的蛋糕,他的父亲,他们的老师,它的腿. 4.by oneself "独自"即不需要别人帮助.I studied English by myself . for oneself 为了自己 oneself a.亲自(不一定是"独自" ),Zhao anlai himself went to see the worker hit by his car in the hospital. b.本身(强调语气) 省略句子也通I myself am a peasant ,not a leader. 1）I can do it （A.by myself B. for myself C.myself) .You needn't help me . 2)I'll do it （A.by myself B. for myself C.myself) .I want to get the first material. I just do it （A.by myself B. for myself C.myself) ,not for anybody else. of itself 是"自动地" (象门自动开了) The door opened of itself. 5.不定代词some any 1)some 一般 用于肯定句,表示"一些""某一个" I have some money with me .I have heard something about him. 我学过语法. 他懂日语. any表示"任何一个"用于事先完全不知道情况的疑问句和完全否定句. Have you seen any ghost? No ,I haven't seen any . Do you have any money? Yes ,I have some . 特殊情况:A用于事先知道情况,倾向于得到肯定回答时用some,不用any: Have you studied some English? Why not answer my question？ Do you have some money?why not lend me some? B.请客吃饭,请人一定要帮忙需要肯定回答的疑问句要用some. Would you like to have some fish? Would you like to give me some ink ? 6.each 与every 的区别.each，every都表示“每一”，但使用起来是有区别的:each是强调每一个人或事物都有着各自互不相同的个性或差异性；如：Each student has his own habit。Each leaf has its own shape.every强调大家都具有相同的共性，如:Every student agreed with me. every还等于all，表示全体总数齐全，一个不缺。Everyone is here.(人来齐了) Has he finished every exercise/all exercises？ any 表示“无论任何一个”时也可用于肯定句。 我们班所有的同学都能回答这个问题。Any student can answer your question。 all是全部所有，不是所有，是全体中随便挑一个。 7.it 与one 的区别 it指代上文同类同一的事物,表示同类不同一的另一个体,如, That is a book on the desk .It is red. That is a good book, I need one. 8.it 与that ,which的区别 1)代替后面的不定式或从句当形式主语.形式宾语只能用it,不能用that It is importat to read English more. I find it interesting that he walked as a monkey. 2)在定语从句中当关系代词只能用that,which,强调句型只能用that. It is our classroom,in front of which there is a tree. It is in our classroom that we will hold a party. 3)表示天气.距离.价格,猜测看不清楚的人都用it. Some is coming， who is it？He must be our headmaster。 Someone is knocking at the door。 Who is it？ “It must be the postman。” 9.every one, any one ,some one, none 与everyone ,anyone,someone, no one=nobody的区别:前者既可表示人,也可表示物,后者只能表示人.前者后可接of短语,表示有范围的特定的物或人,后者不能,表示泛指的人. Every one of the eggs is bad。 Any one in our class can answer your question。 1)Anyone can make mistakes. You can take any one of the books. 10．ａｌｌ，ｂｏｔｈ，ｅｉｔｈｅｒ．ｎｅｉｔｈｅｒ １）同位语位置：行为动词前，ｂｅ动词及第一个助动词后． ２）ａｌｌ三者以上We are all students。 They have all been to Beijing。 We all love him。 ｂｏｔｈ两者都 ｅｉｔｈｅｒ两者随便之一 ｎｅｉｔｈｅｒ两者都不 There are trees on （either site=both sites） site of the street。 You can sit （either site，both sites）of the boat，if you can keep still。 others the others another 又一个，再一个sing us another songshow me another 冠词 冠词是放在名词前，表达该名词在谈话人心目中是泛指、类指还是特指三种情况。 1. 零冠词表示泛指。即无确定范围,时间,地点的假设,想象事物,泛指的不可数物质名词,抽象名词和可数名词复数常用零冠词. 1）泛指物质名词。如：“水火无情”“water and fire takes no pity on anyone”“水加热变气””Water will change into stream when it is heated。"对比鉴别：“水有毒”“大火延续了五个小时”这个“水、火”就不是假设、想象、泛指，而是实际存在，说话听话的人都了解的特指事物。这个"水,火"必须用定冠词表示特指:The water is poisonous. The fire lasted for five hours. 还要注意,独一无二的天体要用the ,the sun,the world ,the sky,the earth,the moon,the stars, 2)泛指抽象名词:"我爱音乐"I like music." "工作就是斗争""Work is struggle. 对比鉴别:A.有确定范围限制的抽象名词要用the:"这电影的音乐很美" The music is wonderful.""我在学校工作,工作很辛苦."I work in the school,The work is hard." B.表示特定情况,特定范围的"一种""一场""一次"体验或事情的抽象名词用a ,特别是前面有形容词修饰的物质名词和抽象名词,又能用"一种""一场""一次""一番"修饰时,更要用a.如 It is a pleasure to talk with you. my birthday party was a great success. 注意:fun, news, weather, information, advice, progress，永远不可数 3)泛指的可数名词复数.也是假设,想象,无确定范围，时间,场所限制的可数名词复数.如“人是伟大的”“Man is great。”“学生怕考试”“Students fear to be examed。”这里的“人”“学生”都是任意范围，任意时期的空泛的事物。 4).可数名词抽象化:a.不表示具体地方而主要表示一种经常普遍的活动.象go to school/hospital/church b.抽象的方式:by bus/bike/car We had a good time in town last Sunday. I wish I could do something for you in return. 5).语言或学科的名词前：He can speak not only English but also Japanese. 6.)季节、月份、星期、节日等名词前： Autumn is the season of harvest. ]The Autumn of 2004 June 1st is Children's Day. We have English classes on Monday and Thursday. 7).球类运动或棋类游戏名称前： They all like to play football. 8).有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等修饰的名词前,不能说a my book,his the house, your that baby.our each age： Each age has its pleasures and pains(痛苦). Each of his friends sent him a deferent gift. All students used to make a mistake in their homework. All of the students in our class have heard the news. This is my book . This is one of my books. 9).大多数专有名词前： Do you know Nanjing Road in Shanghai? 10).表示称呼语的名词之前以及职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。如： He was chosen president./chatrman/monitor/captain What's wrong,Granny? Doctor Liu is a scientist. 11).用于表示家庭成员或nurse,cook, teacher等具有our nurse(cook，teacher)意义时： Teacher was very pleased with our work. Mother was being made up to look like the ideal(理想的),middle-aged housewife. 12).表示颜色、语种和国家的名词前不用冠词。例如：in purple,Japanese(日语), Britain(英国)等。 13).一日三餐的名称前： Have you had breakfast? 2. 不定冠词 a 表示个体类指，是指整类中不确定的随意一个,常用场合:1)目标不确定的可数名词单数:“有男孩在哭”。A boy was crying“我要买钢笔” I want to buy a pen “一夫当关，万夫莫开”If a soldier guard in the place ，even ten thousand enemy soldiers can’t enter it。 他在大学当老师.He was a teacher in a college. 2)表示“一场”“一次”“一种”特定范围，特定时间，特定对象的物质名词，抽象名词。a +形容词+抽象/物质名词 a heavy rain ，a strong wind ，a bad cold ，My exam is a success .常与a连用的名词有time, death, life, education, kindness，pleasure 3.)示"一"这个数量，但数的概念不如one强烈。如 I have a mouth(嘴),a nose(鼻子),two eyes(眼)and two ears(耳朵). One flower can't make spring. 4)用于某些固定词组中。如： have a seat,have a rest，a little(一点儿)等等。 注意：使用a和an时应切记：元音开头的单词(或字母)前用an；辅音开头的单词(或字母)前用a。其关键在于：是"元音"而不是"元音字母"，也就是看"音(音标)"而不是看"形(字母)"。如： There is an"r"f" "u"in the word"under". 单词"under"里有一个"r"和一个"u"。 That is a banana,not an apple. 1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物。如： The girl in the hat is my sister. The books on the desk are Lin Tao's. 2.指说话双方都知道的人或事物。如： -Where are the pictures? -They are on the wall. Let's go to the classroom. 4.世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun,the moon，the earth等。 5.序数词或形容词最高级前。如： Sunday is the first day of the week. Kate is the tallest of the three girls. 6.由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall(长城)，the People's Park(人民公园)等。 7.用在乐器前。如： play the piano /the violin play football 8.用在一些习惯用语中。如： by the way，look the same，in the same class等等。 People have always dreamed of flying high up into space. He is such a tall boy. He is so tall a boy. work 工作不可数 You have done good work a good job work 作品 an art work 1."Where is Jack?" "I think he's still in __ bed,but he might just be in __ bathroom. 2.We have three meals __ day.We have breakfast at seven in__morning. 3.__air is neccesary for __ human being.But __ air in the room is bad for us. China has __ population of 11 hundred million.__ Chinese people are __great people. 4."Can you tell me how to get to__ station?" "Go straight down __street until you come to __ bridge .From __bridge you will see __huge building, That is __ statioin. 6.He was asked __ second time to give us a song. 7.This dictionary is __ great help to me. 8.she was absent from __school because he got __ headache . 名词练习： 1.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas,wind, and other forms of (energy,source,power, material) 2."Who did you spend last weekend with?" "A.Palmer's B. The Palmers' C.The Palmers D.The Palmer's 3.Where did you spend last weekend? "A.Palmer's B. The Palmers' C.The Palmers D.The Palmer's 4.I wonder whose bike it is. "It might be "A.Palmer's B. The Palmers' C.The Palmers D.The Palmer's 5.(A.a lot of clothes B.Much clothing C.many a cloth D.lots of clothes) is needed in cold countries. 6.These trees cannot be grown in such a cold (A.weather B.climate C.season D.space) 7.They soon moved back to the (A.country B.nation C.province D.state 代词：人称代词 不定代词 关系代词 人称代词：主格宾格 形容词所有格 名词所有格 主格：主句和从句的主语都用主格，特别是than as...as 后从句既有用主格，也有用宾格的： My mother loves my sister more than I.我妈妈比我更爱我妹妹。 My mother loves my sister more than me.我妈妈爱我妹妹胜过爱我。 宾格：在及物动词后面和在介词后面都必须带宾格，特别是有二、三个宾语时更要注意： They all went to Guiling without us,Dongdong,Lanlan and (A.I B.me C.myself) 所有格：注意名词所有格的用法，多数表示物，有时也表示人（亲属） his pen is red,mine is black. my bike is broken,can you lend me yours? Mary's husband is taller than (me, mine,I) 反身代词：myself,himself,herself,yourselves,ourselves,theyselves, 主语、宾语是同一个人时宾语一定用反身代词，或有宾补应用被动。I couldn't make myself understood/heard. 不定代词：1.all each both either neither 2.some any no ,every 3.little ,a little,few, a few many, much 代词练习 1.His coat is more expensive than (A.hers B.Her C.it D.Its) 2. The boy promised (A.his B.her)mother never to lie to (A.him B. her C.she D.hers) again. 7.Is your bike like Bill 's and Ann's? No,but it's almost the same as (A.her B.yours C.them D.their) 7.All __ is needed is a supply of oil. 2.Kate and her sister went to holiday with a cousin of (A.their B.theirs. 形容词练习 1.It's generally believed that teaching is (A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as)it is a science. 2.the experiment is (A.much B. more C.much more )easer than we had expected. 3.Canada is larger than( any, any other, another,other)country in Asia. 4.Those oranges taste (good,well,to be good) 5.(What, what a ,How ,how a)fun it is to play football! 6. (What, what a ,How ,how a)good weather we have! 7.Are you feeling(any well,any better,quite good,quite beter)? Yes, I'm fine now. 8.He doesn't work here any(longer, more) 9.She decided not to be late any (longer,more). 10.Which is (A.larger B. the largerC. the largest),Canada or Australia? 11.How (A.fast B.soon C.rapid D.long)can you finish the drawing? 12".If you don't like the red coat,take the blue one?" "Ok, but do you have (A.A big B.a bigger C.the big D. the bigger)size in blue?This one is a big tight for for you. 13.In the battle,three men were shot (A.to the death B. dead C.to dieD. deadly) 冠词讲练 用零冠词：泛指物质、抽象及可数复数,概念方式球饭季 用a, an: 泛指单数,听话人不了解,不明确的可数单数 用the:特指 独一最高序数 1.__ Wind can produce __ power。 2.The__ Wind is very terrible today. 3.__ study is __ pleasure 4.It's a__ pleasure to study English with you. 5.I live in a__ place with many __ trees._The_ place is very beautiful. 6.Don't make noises in ___ public places. 巩固练习: 1."Where is Jack?" "I think he's still in __ bed,but he might just be in _the_ bathroom. 2.We have three meals _a_ day.We have_ breakfast at seven in the__morning. 3.__air is neccesary for __ human being.But _the_ air in the room is bad for us. China has _a_ population/ an area of 12 hundred million._the_ Chinese people are __great people. 4."Can you tell me how to get to_the_ station?" "Go straight down _the_street until you come to _a_ bridge .From the__bridge you will see a__huge building, That is _the_ statioin. 6.He was asked _a_ second time to give us a song. 7.This dictionary is __a_ great help to me. 8.she was absent from __school because he got _a_ headache . 名词练习： 1.Many countryies are increasing their use of natural gas,wind, and other forms of (energy,source,power, material) 2."Who did you spend last weekend with?" "A.Palmer's B. The Palmers' C.The Palmers D.The Palmer's 3.Where did you spend last weekend? "A.Palmer's B. The Palmers' C.The Palmers D.The Palmer's 4.I wonder whose bike it is. "It might be "A.Palmer's B. The Palmers' C.The Palmers D.The Palmer's 5.(A.a lot of clothes B.Much clothing C.many a cloth D.lots of clothes) is needed in cold countries. 6.These trees cannot be grown in such a cold (A.weather B.climate C.season D.space) 1.His coat is more expensive than (A.hers B.Her C.it D.Its) 2. The boy promised (A.his B.her)mother never to lie to (A.him B. her C.she D.hers) again. 7.Is your bike like Bill 's and Ann's? No,but it's almost the same as (A.her B.yours C.them D.their) 7.All __ is needed is a supply of oil. 2.Kate and her sister went to holiday with a cousin of (A.their B.theirs. 一、延续性动词和瞬间动词的含义及用法.凡是表示长期延续的动作象study,work,live，sleep, know, keep, wait,be+形容词，副词或介词短语,wear等词，都是延续性动词.而常见的瞬间动词有：begin, become, sell, buy, borrow,join,marry,die,这些动词不能与段时间连用。这是中国学生最容易错的地方.如“他死了三年了”“他参军三个月了。”不能用die和jion,必须用be dead 和be in the army。 常见延续动词有请改正下列错句： 1）He has joined the army for two years. (×) He has been in the army for two years. 2）She has been here for half an hour. 3）He has been dead for three years。(×) 4）They have been married for three years。 He has been married to Jean for three years 5）How long have you kept the house？ 6）I have kept the book for two weeks. 7）He has been a League Member for two years． 二.在一些英语词汇的使用中都体现出了客观与主观的逻辑概念区别，例如在中文中表示用眼睛“看”这一浅层次看来似乎都相同的动作。在英语中却有时用“see”,有时却必须用“look at”。如“他看见一架飞机。”并不是他主动要“看飞机”，是那“飞机”自己跑到他眼睛里来，这是客观被动的“看”，因此要用see。而“他看着那将要飞过来的飞机，准备向它开火。”却是他主动集中内部注意力去“看”，是主观能动的“看”，必须用“look at”。“请看那天空中的飞机！”，也是要调动人内部的注意力主观能动地指向那"飞机"，必须用look at 。一般说来，人的感官相对被动地接收客观外界信息的动作都是客观性动作，see, hear, find人主动调动内部注意力指向外部特定对象物，要实现某种具体主观目的的动作都是主观性动作look at listen to look for。前者就好比外部世界投射到镜子里，从外到内，被动接收，后者就好比猫抓老鼠，从内向外，主动出击。除“看”之外，其它的一些词也有主观、客观的双重特性。如“听”hear与listen to;"找”find与look for,“注意”notice与pay attention to；“收受”receive 与accept “害怕”be afraid of waking up her baby. ；害怕弄婴儿与be afraid to wake up her husband. "不敢"She was afraid (__A.of entering the house, B .to enter)the house.for she was afraid (__A.of being bit)by the dog.害怕弄丈夫“必须”have to 与must；“听到”，“听见”“找到了”“注意到一个老鼠跑出来”“收到”“不得不”“害怕（发生某后果）”都是客观性动作，而“你听我说！”“我要找朋友！”“注意那老鼠，它会咬您的！”“接受”“应当”“不敢”都是主观性动作。一般说体现人的要求、决心、愿望等主观意志动词都是主观性动词，祈使句一般也用主观性动词。 三及物与不及物：ｒｅａｃｈ vt 到达， arrive vi get ｒａｉｓｅ举起，养殖 rise ｓｅａｔ坐 ，sit ｌａｙ，放 lie He arrived yesterday. He arrived/got here(副词) yesterday He reached/ arrived at/got to our school yesterday The sun rose .the price rose They raised the price He sat at the back of the classroom.= He was seated at the back of the classroom. He hid(躲) behind the tree. He hides(收藏) everything in the cave . 一、延续性动词和瞬间动词的含义及用法.凡是表示长期延续的动作象study,work,live，sleep, know, keep, wait,be+形容词，副词或介词短语,wear等词，常见的瞬间动词有：begin, become, sell, buy, borrow,join,marry,die,这些动词不能与段时间连用。这是中国学生最容易错的地方.如“他死了三年了”“他参军三个月了。”不能用die和jion,必须用be dead 和be in the army。 常见延续动词有请改正下列错句： 1）He has joined the army for two years. (×) He has been in the army for two years. 2）She has been here for half an hour. 3）He has been dead for three years。(×) 4）They have been married for three years。 He has been married to Jean for three years 5）How long have you kept the house？ 6）I have kept the book for two weeks. 7）He has been a League Member for two years． 二.在一些英语词汇的使用中都体现出了客观与主观的逻辑概念区别，例如在中文中表示用眼睛“看”这一浅层次看来似乎都相同的动作。在英语中却有时用“see”,有时却必须用“look at”。如“他看见一架飞机。”并不是他主动要“看飞机”，是那“飞机”自己跑到他眼睛里来，这是客观被动的“看”，因此要用see。而“他看着那将要飞过来的飞机，准备向它开火。”却是他主动集中内部注意力去“看”，是主观能动的“看”，必须用“look at”。“请看那天空中的飞机！”，也是要调动人内部的注意力主观能动地指向那"飞机"，必须用look at 。一般说来，人的感官相对被动地接收客观外界信息的动作都是客观性动作，see, hear, find人主动调动内部注意力指向外部特定对象物，要实现某种具体主观目的的动作都是主观性动作look at listen to look for。前者就好比外部世界投射到镜子里，从外到内，被动接收，后者就好比猫抓老鼠，从内向外，主动出击。除“看”之外，其它的一些词也有主观、客观的双重特性。如“听”hear与listen to;"找”find与look for,“注意”notice与pay attention to；“收受”receive 与accept “害怕”be afraid of waking up her baby. ；害怕弄婴儿与be afraid to wake up her husband. "不敢"She was afraid (__A.of entering the house, B .to enter)the house.for she was afraid (__A.of being bit)by the dog.害怕弄丈夫“必须”have to 与must；“听到”，“听见”“找到了”“注意到一个老鼠跑出来”“收到”“不得不”“害怕（发生某后果）”都是客观性动作，而“你听我说！”“我要找朋友！”“注意那老鼠，它会咬您的！”“接受”“应当”“不敢”都是主观性动作。一般说体现人的要求、决心、愿望等主观意志动词都是主观性动词，祈使句一般也用主观性动词。 三及物与不及物：ｒｅａｃｈ vt 到达， arrive vi get ｒａｉｓｅ举起，养殖 rise ｓｅａｔ坐 ，sit ｌａｙ，放 lie He arrived yesterday. He arrived/got here(副词) yesterday He reached/ arrived at/got to our school yesterday The sun rose .the price rose They raised the price He sat at the back of the classroom.= He was seated at the back of the classroom. He hid(躲) behind the tree. He hides(收藏) everything in the cave . 相关链接：语法专题指导
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