谭老师暑假讲语法(三)
中学英语教学资源网 → 英语论文 → 语法专题指导 手机版


动词练习
1.He has (A.been in B.jioned) the army for three years.
2.I have (A.lived B.born )in the world for 19 years.
3. 1.When he got to the station,the train ____ for a longtime.
A.had been away B.had leftC.has been away D.has left
4.My brother ____ for a week.（‘95河北）
A.has had a cold B.caught a coldC.has caught a cold D.got a cold
5.My father joined the Party in 1945. He ____ a Partymember for about
fifty years.（’9 5山西）
A.had been B.has become C.had become D.has been
6.They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai. （‘95 江西）
A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned
7.Tom’s brother _____ for three years before he became ateacher.
A.had joined the army B.has joined the army
C.had been in the army D.has been a soldier
8.The film had begun for fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema.（’95武汉）
9.Mr Brown ______ the car for three months.（‘96济南）
A.bought B.had bought C.has had D.buys
10.How long ____ at this factory?（’96安徽）
A.have you come B.has he in C.will he be D.has he been to
11.—How long have you _______ here?
—About two months.（‘96天津）
A.been B.gone C.come D.arrived
12.Our maths teacher has ____ Australia for a week. （’97南京）
A.gone to B.been in C.arrived in D.been to
13.—Excuse me. How long may I _____ the book?（‘97 福州）
—Two weeks.
A.borrow B.keep C.lend D.kept
14.Her grandma has ____ for three years.（’97天津）
A.died B.been dead C.death
15.How long do you think they _____ the TV factory?
A.have been to B.have reached C.have been in D.have arrived at
16.Have you (A.seen B. looked at )my cat ?It (A.has gone B.has been away )for two days
17.I (A. recieved B. accepted) an invitation, but I didn't (A. recieved B. accept) it .
18.(A. Pay attention to B. notice) the tall man.He must be a thief.
19."What are you doing ?" "I am (A. finding B. looking for) my key to the room.
20."I (A. heard B.listen to ) someone's crying ,""(A. hear B.listen ) carefully again, maybe you made a mistake .
2.My uncle ____ the Communist Party five years ago.
A.took part in B.has joined C.had been in D.joined
3.I‘ll lend you my dictionary, but you can only ____ itfor one day.
A.keep B.borrow C.lend D.take
4.—How long _____ you _____ a cold?
—Since three days ago.
A.did; have B.did; catch C.have; had D.have; caught
5.How long has your father _____ Boston?
A.been to B.gone to C.left D.been in
6.I _____ the dictionary for two years.
A.bought B.have had C.have bought D.have
7.I joined the League last year. I _____ for one year.
A.joined in B.joinedC.have joined in D.have been a League member
8.We were sorry to hear that the boy ____ home for somedays.
A.has left B.has been away fromC.had left D.had been away from
9.—May I ____ the story-book for a month?
—Yes, you may.
A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.take
10.He said he _____ a soldier _____ ten years.
A.has been; since B.has joined; forC.had joined; in D.had been; for
11.How long have you _____ Xi’an?
A.come to B.been toC.lived in D.gone in
12.My uncle ______ the Party in 1978. He _____ for over19 years.
A.joined; has been a Party member B.joined; has joined the Party
C.has joined; has been the PartyD.has joined; has been in the Party
13.My brother _____ the Youth League for two years.
A.has been in B.has entered C.has taken part in D.has joined into
14.Jack ____ a postman for about 6 years.
A.has become B.has turned C.has changed D.has been
15.When he came home, I ____ for three hours.
A.have fallen asleep B.had fallen asleep C.had been asleep D.have slept
Key:1.C 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.C

情态动词解释
一、表示语气强烈的强权命令，警告，许诺用shall，"我命令..."表示教育，劝告，建议,责备等的“应当”用should。
11.You shall be here at 8.You shall not be late.（命令）
2.You shall lose your son ,if you don't give me the money in time.（威胁）
3.You shall get punished.（警告）
4.You shall get the money tomorrow, and you shall know the result of the exam then.（许诺）
对比语气轻的道德理由式的教育、劝告、责备："应当" 用should.(注"must往往是公众纪律要求,比Should强,比sgall弱:You mustn't be late.)
5.You should telephone me before you come. （责备）
6.He should pay attention to his spoken English.（教育）
7.I should study harder than before 。道德教育
8.You should have handed in your homework yesterday.(责备某人没有做应该做的事.)
9.You should not have said such rude words to your mother.(责备某人做了不该做某事)
You should not have been late
练习: 你要听母亲的话. 你最迟明天要搬走.你不要哭. 你不要摸电线.
你要努力学习. 你要活着回来.
二.主语愿意或不愿意做某事,事物发展下去必然发生或必然不会发生某事,用will,won't ,
1.I will marry you. I will do everything for you. I will die for you .(愿意)
2.He will lose his life for his country.(愿意)
3.I won't go with you . You won't receive my letter .(不愿意或必然不都可)
4.Will you allow us to go to Tibet ?(愿意)
5. When the baby see his mother, he will smile.(必然趋势)
6.The vegatable won't grow without water.(必然趋势)
7.Will he see the picture when he return home ?(必然趋势)
现在时的客气婉转的请求询问对方意愿,语气轻的"愿意"和"趋势"用would. 过去时就必须用would
1.Would you like to have a talk with me ?
2.He would make a face ,when he made a mistake .
3.He wouldn't trouble you .
辨别will与would的区别
你愿意卖你的房子吗? 你愿意把座位让给老奶奶吗?
你愿意选谁当总统? 他会说些什么呢?地震会发生吗?
辨别will,would与shall,should的区别:自然而然发展变化用will,would,被"我"强制命令用shall,能翻译为"愿意""就会'"总是'"决不'用will, won't,能翻译为"我命令你/他","你不许","你务必"用shall,(1-6)
1.Once there was a man who was afraid to stay with his wife very much ,for his wife was stroger than he . when they quarreled, his wife (A.would B.should C. will D wouldn't )fight with him .If they fought (,A. The B.A C.X)husband (A.would B.should C. will D wouldn't ) be beteaned to pains .He (A.wouldn't B.shouldn't C. won't D couldn't )bare the pains. so he hid himself under (A x B. a C.the) bed.When he hid under the bed ,the wife got even more angry ."You (A.shall B.shall not C. will D shouldn't ) make your clothes dirty !you (A.would B.should C. will D shall ) get out !The husband remembered his honour of (A.a B,the C.x) man . He answered :"I'm (A.a B,the C.x) man .I (A.wouldn't B.shouldn't C. won't D couldn't )get out."

Which sentence is better "I will....." or "You shall..."
How to deal with your husband or wife? (A.Many couples B.A couple) often argue with each other,even hate or fight with each other. Many wifes want to order her husband to do (A .everythingB.something)at home.She (A.would B.should C.must)say "You (A.shallB.will)buy me a ring""You(A.shallB.will)wash all the clothes"(A.The B.A)husband doesn't want to argue with the wife. He (A.shallB.will)say"I (A.shallB.will) do (A.everythingB.something) for you""I (A.shallB.will) die for you.So the couple (A.won't B.shall not C.mustn't D.can't)fight .There (A.shallB.will) be (A.a B.x)peace at home .Which sentence do you think is better :"I will....." or "You shall..."?
疑问句是请求对方发命令，一，三人称用shall提问，二人称用will提问:"Shall I clean the blackboard?" "Shall he get here now?"
"Will you give us a hand?"
据说有一个苏格兰人掉到水里，他不会游泳。于是想感叹说：“没有人会来救我，我要死了！”这句话是陈述语气，不应该用情态动词的，但他却用情态动词说：“Nobody shall save me，（我命令不准任何人来救我！）I will die ！[我要（原意）死]”人们以为他决心要自杀，都不敢来救他。因为用错了shall，will，结果丢了一条命。
三.表示商量猜测不十分确定的事情.
肯定句用must; might; may 疑问句用can; could 否定句can‘t ;couldn’t; may not
1、肯定句是有根据，有经验的判断用must
The tall man must be a player 。
He must work in this school 。
不肯定，无把握的猜测用may ,往往在有"..not sure"的句子时才用may
Your answer may be right 。but I‘m not sure 。
客气礼貌婉转用might
You might need some money 。
I think you might be hungry 。
2。疑问句只能用can，could不能用must，may，might
Can he be a teacher？
猜测远处的人，看不见的人用 Who can it be ？
“Someone is knocking at the door ，who can it be ？”
“Open the door please ！”“Who is it ？”“It is me 。”
3.有把握有根据的否定猜测用can't couldn't "不可能",无把握无根据用may not ,might not"可能不" 不能用mustn't.mustn't 不是猜测,是"不允许...""禁止"
He can't be at the libery,for I saw him just now .
He might not know the headmaster.
4.对过去的猜测,对短暂动作的猜测必须用must/can/can't/may +have done 句型
He must have got up late this morning.
He must have become someone's wife
"Can he have known it ?""No he can't have known it ."
He can't have finished his drawing yesterday .(7-15)
四.dare, need作为情态动词与行为动词的区别:(16-23)
1.肯定句只能用行为动词,不用情态动词.
He dares to dance with a snake , doesn't he?
He needs to go with you . doesn't he?
疑,否句两样形式都可用,但行为动词后往往有有do 又有 to,情态动词的句子中无do 又无to.
Need you have a rest ?
Do you need to have a rest ?
He needn't copy the question, need he ?
He doesn't need to come ,does he ?
He dare not tell the truth.
He doesn't dare (to ) tell the truth.
反意疑问
He needs a rest ,(A.doesn't B.needn't )he ?
五.can ,be able to 表示能力的区别
can 长期固有的自然能力 I can drive a car .
be able to 经过努力克服困难后才获得的能力.
After three months' study,I am able to drive a car now .
I have been able to drive a car now .
六.must必须 should 表示"应当"
1.must的否定回答用needn't .mustn't 表示"不许""禁止"不是必要性了.
" Must I take some medicine ?" "No ,you needn't"
"Need I buy some wine for Dad?" "No, you mustn't."
七.can,could,may,might表示许可
1.could可用于现在时的疑问句表示客气礼貌," of course you can" 表示乐意对方用自己的东西.
Could/Would you do me a favour?
of course I can.
八.need必要性
1.你不要等我. You neen't wait for me .
2.你不要抽烟 You shall not smoke here .
非谓语练习
把划线部分变成非谓语动词,其它是选择题.
1.When I went to school (当我上学的时候), I fell down .
2.Because he is tall(因为他很高), he is good at playing basket-ball.
3.If I know any news如果我知道消息, I would tell you first .
4.他坐在那里看书. He sat and read there.
5.As he was a student(作为一个学生)， he was interested in books.
5.He returned home and found his mother's letter(发现母亲的信)。
6.He returned home and found his father die.(发现父亲死了).
7.He returned home and got his coat(取大衣) .
8.The boy who is sitting (坐) in the front is our monitor.
9.The boy who was sold (被卖) to Guangdong was found.
10.Because he didn't know English, he kept silent.
11.Because I hadn't received his letter, I worried about him.
12.That he won made everybody happy.
13.The techer was angry that John was late.
14.That she didn't listen to her mother
made her mother angry.
15.The classroom which is cleaned by us is large.
16.If the water is heated , it will be boiling
17.(A. Listening B.When I listening )to the teacher ,I thought of my hometown .
18.(A. Living B.Having lived C.Because living ) in the south ,he loves swimming.
19.______anything about the accident, he went to work as usual..
A. Not known B. Known not C. Knowing not D. Not knowing
20. The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. having prepared D. was preparing
21. She is writing a letter to a friend of hers, _____ him to attend the meeting.
A. having invited B. inviting C. to invite D. invited
22. Our town has dozens of factories, ___________several saw mills.
A. included B. are including C. are included D. including
23. ___ the classroom, the students went to the playground to watch the football match.
A. To clean B. Having cleaned C. Cleaned D. Cleaning
24_____ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual..
A. Not known B. Known not C. Knowing not D. Not knowing
25. There was terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
26.The secretary worked late into the night, __ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
27. "Can''t you read?" Mary said ___________ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
28. ---I must apologize for ______ahead of time. ---That's all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
29.---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret ___________ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
30.I forgot (A. to close B. closing )the windows ,the rain will make my desk web .
31.The boy tried (A.to go B.going) out of the school ,but fail.
非谓语动词解释
非谓语动词特出的特点：
一，它不能当谓语，因此在同一句子中一定还会另有谓语动词。象“I running in the morning every day.""he named Liping." 就是只有非谓语，没有谓语动词的错误的句子。应该说“I run in the morning every day."
"he is named Liping."
二，非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作，但两者的性质，地位不同。这是中国学生最不容易理解的地方。对句子往深层次分析，我们就应该领悟到这一点：与谓语动词的动作对比，非谓语动词的地位是次要的，从属性质的：（1）此动作有时已不是具体的动作，而是概括抽象的一件事，相当于一个名词了；如My job is raising pigs 。 My favorite is to study English with you 。（2）此动作有时即使是具体的动作，但却是从属性的，次要的动作：比如表示原因，条件，时间，目的，临时性的不稳定的伴随动作状态等。在汉语中，不使用连词也可以在一个句子中连用用几个动词；但在英语中，一个句子只能用一个谓语动词，除了用and 连接的两个并列谓语动词的情况外，其它在一个句子中包含的两个以上的动作一定要分清主次，从属等内在逻辑关系。表示原因，条件，目的，时间，临时性的不稳定的伴随动作等动词必须用非谓语或从句来表示。句子的重心应用作主句谓语动词，句子的次要，伴随，补充的说明部分必须用非谓语或有连词引导的从句来表示。下面列举一些例句对比说明：
1."为了健康，他天天喝牛奶。""为了健康"是目的，是次要动作，“喝牛奶”才是唯一的谓语动词；To be more healthy, he drinks milk every day.
2."喝牛奶对他有好处，他爱喝牛奶"这两处的“喝牛奶”明显地不是具体的"喝",而是概括抽象的一件事。“喝牛奶”在此处就近似地相当于名词“牛奶”.应用"Drinking milk"动名词来表示。Drinking milk is good to him 。He love drinking milk 。
3，“我喝牛奶肚子痛。”“喝牛奶”在此处虽然是具体动作，但它和"肚子痛"有内在逻辑关系，它表示的是“肚子痛”的原因，是从属地位，“肚子痛”才是主要的谓语动词。可以用" Having drunk some milk, I have some trouble with my stomach."来表示。
也可以用从句“Since I have drunk some milk,I have some trouble with my stomach."
4，“喝牛奶，人健康”，“喝牛奶”与“健康”有逻辑联系，它显然是条件，可以用"Drinking milk every day, one will get more healthy"如“If one drinks milk every day，he will get more healthy。”来表示。
5，“我喝牛奶呛着了。”“喝牛奶”和“呛着”也有逻辑联系，它表示时间，可以用“Drinking milk, I choked."“或”When I was drinking milk，I choked。“来表示。
6，“他坐在那里喝牛奶.”“坐”是稳定的长背景动作，应做谓语动词，而“喝牛奶”却是变动不稳定的的伴随动作，是补充说明，可用非谓语动词：“He sat there, drinking some milk."如”He sat and drank some milk there。来表示。
用非谓语动词翻译下列句子：
1. 我钱不够，不能买这房子。
A.My money is short , I can't buy the house.
B. I'm short of money , I can't buy the house.
C. Being short of money , I can't buy the house.
D.Short of money , I can't buy the house.
2，我比你强，我会跑得比你快。
A.I'm stronger than you,I can run faster than you.
B.I being stronger than you,I can run faster than you.
C.being stronger than you,I can run faster than you.
D.You being weaker than I, so I can run faster than you.
3，你见到他就叫他到这来吧。
a. If you see him ,ask him to come here please.
b.If you see him and ask him to come here please.
c.you seeing him ,ask him to come here please.
d.seeing him , you ask him to come here please
4，有空你来帮帮我吧。
a.You have time and you come to help me.
b.You have time you come to help me.
c.If you have time and you come to help me please.
d. having time , you should come to help me.
5，你觉得不舒服就别去游泳了。
a.You don't feel well, you'd better not go to swim.
b.Because you don't feel well, you'd better not go to swim.
c.You not feeling well, you'd better not go to swim.
d.Not feeling well, you'd better not go to swim.
6，吃太多的肉，你会变胖的。
a.If you have too much meat, and you'll get fatter.
b. you have too much meat, and you'll get fatter.
c.You have too much meat, you'll get fatter.
d. Having too much meat, you'll get fatter.
7，昨天他去踢球，摔断腿了。
a.Yesterday he went to play football, breaking his leg.
b.Yesterday he went to play football, broke his leg.
c.Yesterday he going to play football,he broke his leg.
d.Playing football, he broke his leg yesterday.
8，看见我穿得破烂，那售货员拿出最便宜的衣服给我。
a.Seeing me dressed in rags, the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
b.He saw me dressed in rags , the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
c.Because he seeing me dressed in rags, the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
d.I dressing in rags , the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
9，浇太多的水花会死的。
a.If water too much, the flower will die.
b. If you watered too much, the flower will die.
c.Watering too much, the flower will die.
d.Watered too much, the flower will die.
10，我昨天挨雨淋了，感冒了。
a.I was caught in the rain,I get a bad cold now.
b.Having caught in the rain,I get a bad cold now.
c.I caught in the rain,I get a bad cold now.
d.Caught in the rain,I got a bad cold now.
11.他们说说笑笑地向我们走来。
a.They talked ,laughed and went to us.
b.Going to us, they talked and laughed.
c.They went to us ,talked and laughed.
d.They went to us ,talking and laughing.
12.他躺在那里看书。
a. He read a book, lying there.
b.He lay there ,reading a book.
c.He lying there and reading a book.
d.He lay there ,read a book.
13.在那跳舞的那个女孩也很会唱歌。
a,The girl dancing there sings well.
b.The girl danced there sings well.
c.The girl was dancing there sings well.
d.The girl was dancing there was a good singer.
14.我进门时看见他正在看电视。
a.I entered the room, saw he was watching TV.
b.I entered the room, seeing him was watching TV.
c.Entered the room, I saw he was watching TV.
d.Entering the room, I saw him watching TV.
15.他一来就逗我们发笑。
a.He came ,making us laughed.
b.He came to make us laughing.
c.Coming, he often makes us laughing.
d. Came here,he often makes laughing.
16.今天他病了，没来学校.
a.He is ill,he doesn't come to school today.
b.He is ill,not coming to school today.
c.Being ill,he doesn't come to school today.
d.He being ill,he doesn't come to school today.
----ing 短语常见的形式
三.非谓语的三种形式及其充当的句子成分:
--ing 形式可以当句子的状语,主语,宾语,补语,表语,定语
不定式可以当目的状语和逆趋势的结果状语 ,主语,宾语,补语,表语,定语,
过去分词可以充当句子的状语,定语,补语
1.--ing短语可以当
1)时间状语:When I went to school ,I saw a bag on the ground.
Going to school, I saw a bag on the ground.
2)原因状语:Because he was ill,he couldn't go to school that day.
Being ill,he coulding go to school thatday.
3)条件状语:(If I have money,I will buy the house.)
Having money,I will buy the house.
4)伴随状语:(He stood and thought in the room .)
He stood in the room, thinking.
5)顺趋势的结果状语: (He studied hard and became a college student .)
He studied hard , being a college student .
He listened carefully, hearing someone's crying.
5)doing having done
Having washed her face, she had breakfast.
Washing clothes, she sang.
6)not doing ,not having done否定式常用于原因,条件状语
Not knowing much English,he took out an dictionary to help him.
Not having had breakfast , I'm very hungry now.
7)being done,not being done ,not having done被动式常用作主语,宾语:
The boy's being saved made his mother deeply moved.
He was sad at his not being chosen
练习思考辨别:
1)..当我上学的时候, I fell down .
2)..因为他很高, he is good at playing basket-ball.
3)..如果我知道这消息, I would tell you first .
4)..他坐在那里看书.
5)..He returned home ,发现母亲的信。
6)..He returned home ,发现父亲死了.
7).He returned home 去取大衣.
3.doing 与having done的区别:两者都是主动,doing是与谓语动词同时发生,having done是发生在谓语动词前,非谓语动作是谓语动作的前提和基础.比如 :
吃过早餐后, 他上学去了.Having had breakfast ,he went to school.
因为学过英语,他能与美国人谈话.
Having learned some English,he can talk with an American.
如果先复习功课,你会觉得功课更容易.
Having gone over the lesson , you will find it easier .
2.不定式可以当:
1)逆趋势的结果状语: (He studied hard and failed in the exam.)
He studied hard , only to fail in the exam.
.........,only to find his father dead.
2)目的状语: He studied hard in order to became a college student .
4.动名词与不定式当宾语的区别:动名词一般表示普遍的,经常发生的动作,同时发生或发生在前的动作,不定式表示具体一次的动作,发生在后的动作. I like singing ,but I don't like to sing this night .
I see his running every day .I hope to be a college student some day .
只能带--ing短语当宾语的及物动词：mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏，）, admit（承认）, appreciate（感激，欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, dislike（不喜欢，厌恶）, escape（逃脱）The thief escaped being caught., finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）Can you imagine my flying in the sky ., keep（保持）, miss（错过）The bird missed being shot., practise（训练）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝，否认, consider I'm considering practising speaking english more.（考虑）等。look forward to（渴望，盼望）, object to（反对，抗议）, prevent…from（防止，阻止）, keep…from（防止，阻止）, stop…from（防止，阻止）,
有几个动词既能带ing,也能带不定式当宾语,但此动词意思不相同的动词:remember,forget,regrect,try, mean
I remember seeing him before.回想往事
When you pass the post office ,remember to post the letter for me.记得将要做某事
He forgot to luck the door.A thief broke into it.因健忘而没有做某事
He forgot having breakfast, he asked his wife to cook for him again .已做了某事却忘记了.
I regrect not helping you .(后悔已做了某事)
I regrect to tell you"you fail in the exam."(遗憾地告诉你,遗憾地说)
I'll try (my best) to pass the exam.尽力
You always go to school by bike ,why not try going to school by bus? 尝试另一方法,试探比较
I meaned to help you. 打算,希望,想要
Saying so means saying nothing. 意思是,等于
能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：want（想要）, wish（希望）, hate（憎恨，讨厌）, prefer（宁愿）, hope（希望）, fail（失败）, plan（计划）, refuse（拒绝）, ask（要求）,manage（设法）, offer（提供）, promise（答应）, pretend（假装）, intend（想，打算）, attempt（尝试，企图）, decide（决定）, desire（渴望，请求）, agree（同意）, care（关心，喜欢）, choose（选择）, determine（下决心）, expect（期望）, afford（负担得起，买得起）等。
能接不定式做补语的常见的动词有：感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等；使役动词make, let, have 等；
ask sb to do sth.还有一般的动词如advise（建议）, allow（允许）, ask, beg（乞求）, command（命令，指挥）, tell（告诉）, invite（邀请）, force（强迫）, oblige（强迫）, get（致使）, help（帮助）, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encourage（鼓励）, persuade（说服）, permit（允许，许可）, remind（使想起，提醒）, request（请求，要求）, order（命令）, warn（警告，提醒）, cause（引起）
6.过去分词done 最大的特点是表示被动,表示经常发生的被动,过去的被动,常用作原因,.条件状语,定语,补语:
Heated, water will change into stream.
Praised by the teacher many times,I feel happy.
The clothes washed by my mother are clean.
I often have my clothes washed by my mother.
形容词解释
一。只能用作定语，不能用作表语的形容词：little，wooden ，golden，many，elder t不能说The boy is little。the watch is golden/wooden
二、只能用作表语，不能用作定语的形容词：well，ill，alone,content，unable，worth，afraid，alive ,asleep, ashamed,awake, aware.
an ill boy ,an alone village 就是错的短语。
三、表示倍数常用的短语:
He is as tall a boy as I.
He is a head taller than I .
He is two years older than I
China is four times as large as Europe.
I am twice as old as you
I am twice older than you.
I am twice the age of you.
My books are twice as many as yours
China is four times larger than Europe.
China is four times the size of Europe.
I pay twice as much as it was worth.
I pay twice as much for the house .
五.与动词有区别,表示延续状态的形容词:open,dead, still静,一动也不动,
The door open/closed.特殊意义形容词:closed关,close near,nearly,hard,hardly,most,mostly大多数
六.very修饰原级形容词副词，修饰—ing，放在名词前表示强调。
much 修饰动词，修饰最高级，修饰过去分词 。
四、—ly结尾是形容词的：lonely，friendly，They talk in a friendly way.lovely，ugly，silly，likely，deadly，
五。在be，seem，及物当主语的look，taste。smell，feel，sound，appear等动词后用形容词，I looked at the flower. The flower looks beautiful. He appeared显得 happy. He appeared 出现suddenly.
六.表示主语长期的静止状态,不表示动作的sit,stand,lie 接形容词
The valley lay quiet and peaceful
She sat silent . They stood still.
七.become,fall ,get,go,turn 表示"变得"时后跟形容词.
The leaves fell/got/went/turned yellow.
It fell/got/went/turned cold.
八.present 表示"出席的,到场的"的时候常放在名词后,the members present 表示"现在的"则放在名词前 the present members
九.live有时可用做形容词: a live fish 活鱼(形容动物，不形容人 ) The broadcast comes to you live from Beijing .实况转播 That wire is live 电线是带电的 lively 生动的，活泼的。　　His class is often lively.
十.the +adj表示一类人,是复数
The rich should help the poor.
the blind /wounded/young/old
十一.多个形容词作定语时的位置:排列顺序大致为:all/quite/such/rather限定词(包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词、不定代词等) + 描绘形容词(短词在前,长词在后)+ 特征形容词(包括大小、形状、新旧、年龄等)+ 颜色形容词 + 类属形容词(包括专有形容词和材料质地形容词) + 名词性定语(包括动名词)+ 名词。
It is such a charming little short old round yellow
如 冠 抽 大 高 老 形 色
french oak writing table.
国 材 用
为方便背颂,特简化成9字诀:抽大高,老形色,国材用
抽象：beautiful，great，wonderful之类的描绘性词
大：big，little，small，
高：tall，high，short，low
老：old，new，young，
形：square，round等
色：white，black，brown，red，gray，green，blue
国：出产地方
材：woden，plastic，brick，silk，wool等材料
用：物品的用途writing，fishing，walking，swimming用来写字的，钓鱼的，走路的
"抽色国材用"的位置是较确定的,"大高老形"则 不太确定,它们有时是归类于抽象的一大类,在抽象的词类中按短词在前,长词在后的原则,甚至按照读音舒服顺口原则排列.例:
a tall intelligent young Chinese officer 一个聪慧的个子很高的年轻的中国军官
请给下列括号内形容词排列成正确词序,放到句子中:
1．She has a ___ jacket．(leather，brown，beautiful)beautiful brown leather
2．He has a ___ car. (long，red,American)
3．They live in a ___ house. (old，beautiful)
4．We have a ___ table. (antique,small，wooden)
5．He has a ___ jumper. (, lovely, red,woollen)
6．She has a ___ ring. (fabulous new diamond)
7．It was a ___ song．(French，old, lovely)
8．He owns a ___ dog．(black，horrible，big)
9．She bought a ___ scarf．(gorgeous，pink silk，)
10．I saw a ___ film. (，fantastic,new British)
1．beautiful brown leather jacket.
2．long red American car.
3．beautiful old house.
4．small antique wooden table.
5．lovely red woollen jumper.
6．fabulous new diamond ring.
7．lovely old French song.
8．horrible big black dog.
9．gorgeous pink silk scarf.
10.fantastic new British film.
形容词练习
1.He is a (A.glad B.happy)young man. but he is (sick, ill )today.
2.My father's books are (A. many B. large piles)
3.The child is (A.little B. small) but he can lift such a heavy stone.
4.I am (A.elder B.cleverer)than (A.him B.he)
5.The house is (A.wooden B.golden C.a help)
7.There is no (A.alive B.living) thiongs on the moon.
8.There stood a (A.quiet old big British B.British big old quiet C.big quite British D.quiet big old British) building .
9.Where have you been (A.all last these few B.these all last few C. last all few these D.all these last few ) days.
10.I wand a (A.bamboo long fishing B.long bamboo fishing C.bamboo fishing long) pole.
9.John bought a (A. blue cheap plastic B.cheap C.plastic blue cheap D.plastic cheap blue ) pencil-box.
10.There is (A. an old fine stone B. a fine new wood C. a stone fine old D.a new wood fine brige.
11.please keep the door (A.opened B.open C.close D.opening)
12.He was beaten (A.death B.dead C. to die)
13.Now he is back,(A.eagerly to see B. be eager to see C.eagerly seeing
D eager to see) his friend .
14.He came to us (A.was full B. to fill C.full D. filled )of apologies.
15.My mother returned home,(A.was tired and hungry B.tiredly and hungrily C.tired and hunger.)
16.The sun rises (A.redly and brightly B. red and bright)
17.He sat there (A.quietly B. quiet C.silently)
18.Snow lay (A.thickly B.thick) on the ground.
19.It's (no more ,more ,not more )than a book..it can be a dictionry.
20.--Have you got everything ready for the lecture?
--Not yet,we need (A.another two B.other two C.two another D.the other two) loudspeakers.
20.The students in our class are (A. most B. mostly C. at most D.best) from country.
21。keep _________us or you will lose your way.
A,near to B,close to C。closely D.nearly
1.His car runs______,if not faster than,a race car.
A.so fast B.so fast as C.as fast D.as fast as
7.They offered her a house for ＄100,000,______it was worth.
A.as much as twice B.as much twice as
C.as twice much as D.twice as much as
13.I would gladly pay______for the book because it is quite useful .
A.twice as much B.twice so much C.as much twice D.so much twice
15.He asked."which is______of the two bamboo poles?"
A.the longest B.the weightier C.shortest D.the most light
17.He hurried to the station,______to find that the train had ______left.
A.just,just B.only,only C.just,only D.only,just
18.The hunter came in,with the bow in one hand,and the arrow in his______hand.
A.other B.another C.the other D.the another
19.—I bought the car last week.It's second-hand.
—Well,it's______.
A.as good as new B.as new as good C.as better as new D.as new as better
20.—It's a lovely garden,isn't it? —Yes.______it is looked after!
A.How good B.How well C.What a good one D.How nice a garden
23.—Take this medicine,please.
—Do I have to?It tastes______.
A.terribly B.terrible C.terrified D.like terrible
状语
时间状语 Having bath,I sang aloud .(同时)
Having had bath,I had supper.(一先一后)
Having been shown the lab,we were shown the libery
原因状语 Loving others,he is loved
Having prepareed the lesson,I can answer the question.
Not knowing his name,I said "Hi".
Not having breakfast,I'm hungry now.
Told many times,he still remembers it .
伴随状语 He sat there,reading.
条件状语 Heated,water will change into stream
Having money,I'll buy it.
目的状语 I go home to see my mother.
结果状语 He studied hard, becoming a college student.
He studied hard, only to fail.
主语 His studing hard made him respected.
His not coming made his mother sad.
宾语 We hope your coming
I hate Tom's not telling me the truth.
定语 The boy sitting in the front is our monitor.
The boy praised is our monitor.
补语 He had us laughing the whole class.
He had his son sent to prison..
He had us run in the morning every day.
你要我们/他们做.....吗? Shall we/I hand in the homework tonight?
Shall he be here at once?
你愿意....吗? Will you keep the room clean?
Would you like to help me?(客气婉转)
Would you like to have some more fish?(客气婉转)
非谓语练习
用非谓语动词翻译下列短语：
1、(当他在德国时)________________ ,he learned how to drive a car.
2.(长大后）_____________,she became a teacher.
3.(因为激动）____________,he couldn't said a word.
4.（因为没有钱）____________,he couldn't sent his son to school.
5.(由于没吃早餐）__________,he felt hungry now.
6.(如果被加热）______________,the iron will turn red.
7.(如果你没有读过这本书)__________，you can't know about the moon.
8. (如果你帮助别人）___________________,you will help yourselves.
9.（他们又说又笑地走进教室。They walked into the room,______,
10.He stood there ______________________ a football game(看足球赛）。
11.She saw a mouse,(向我们大声叫起来）_____________________.
12.She returned home (问爸爸要钱）____________________________.
13.She went to the reading-room (看杂志）_________________.
14.She stayed at home (看杂志）__________________.
15.He wrote an article (给我们提了一些好意见）_,___________________.
16.He wrote an article(来唤醒人民）_____________________________.
17.He worked late into the night (获得更多的收入）_________________.
18..He worked late into the night(不让洪水进屋）__________________.
19..He worked late into the night（写了一封信）.___________________.
20.He was caught in the rain,(感冒了）___________________________.
21.He went to the street,(把所有的钱弄丢了）____________________.
22.（由于害羞）_______________，she dared not speak in the public.
23.(由于没准备），___________________,he didn't know how to explain.
24.We eat (为了活着）_____，but we don't live (为了吃饭）——。We live（同时思考和工作）_________________________.
1.I have nothing (to eat,eatng).
2.The man (to eat,eating) cakes is very hungry.
3.He is the first man (to eat,eating) food on the moon.
4.She is always the last person (to leave,leaving)the classroom.
5.Please give me somethng (to read,reading).
6.I need a chair (to sit,sitting,to sit on,sitting on).
7.The nurse has several patients (to look after,looking after)
介词解释
著名介词歌曲押韵易记的
1. In the summer at the seaside (季节用in, 在海边用at)
On the coast we like it fine (在海岸用on)
but in winter ,yes ,at Christmas (在圣诞用at)
By the fireside we recline (放置) (在炉边用by)
2. In July we went to Kenya (月份用in)
Stayed in Lamu by the sea, (住在Lamu用in)
We came back to Tanzania
Then across Victoria sea
3. Did you come here in a taxi? (乘出租汽车用in)
Or by bus, or on the train? (乘公共汽车用by, 乘火车用on)
Did you come on foot this evening (步行用on)
Or perhaps by aeroplane? (乘飞机用by)
4. Will you come to tea on Monday? (在星期一用on)
I′ll be home at half past three (时间三点半用at)
Yes, I′ll stay for half an hour (长达半小时用for)
if you buy some beer for me (给我for me)
5. In the morning I drink coffee (早晨用in the morning)
In the afternoon there′s tea (下午用in the afternoon)
In the evening I have cocoa (傍晚用in the evening)
Yes, at night ,it′s good for me. (晚上用at night)
6. Where′s my pencil?In the kitchen (厨房里in the kitchen)
On the table near the chair (在桌上on the table, 在椅边near the chair)
Underneath the cup and saucer (在杯和碟的下面 underneath...)
Just behind the teapot there (在茶壶后边behind...)
7. Can you tell me how to get to
Mr. Johnson′s coffee-bar?
Down the street and round the corner (down the street 沿着街道,round...绕过)
Past the church and there you are
8. Where′s the bookshop? Over there,dear (over there 那里)
First turn left,then go straight on,
Along the road,across the market (沿着路along the road, 穿过市场 across...)
It′s in front of you, dear John (在你前面 in front of you)
9. There is nothing on the radio (广播on the radio)
"Songs with orchestra" they said. (with后orchestra为有形物,无形物则用by)
I′m not interested in music (interested in 兴趣于)
so I think I′ll go to bed
10. In a moment I′ll be finished (in a moment 片刻里)
With these prepositions-so
I will say to you in English
till the next time, cheerio (加油呀) (till... 直到)
怎样？唱完十段歌词，你就学到许多介词用法喽。其中包括四大“要犯”at, by, in,on。另外再加上许多虫虫蚁蚁，有的还得劳驾找一找喔，呵呵。
大家多唱几遍，下回我们再见时，你就更加胸有成“介”了，哈哈。
谈谈介词(Preposition)(三)
这里提供一个学习介词at, in, on 的幻灯片文件(PowerPoint)，可供初学者使用。其内容包括有关介词用法课文、通过歌曲学介词、通过一个请柬学习介词、测验题。其中所有中文都是我附上的。
为了配合这个幻灯片所介绍的三个介词：at, in, on，下面我们较深入地介绍它们(附带谈by) 的用法。
二、介词at, in, on, by 表示地方、地点、位置:
2.1 at 把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”：
1. The begger is sitting at the corner. 那乞丐坐在角落里。
2. Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. Jane在巴士站等你。
3. at home 在家
4. Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口？
5. at the top of the page 在一页的上面
6. The shop is at the end of the road. 那商店就在路的尾端。
7. at the entrance 在进口处
8. at the crossroads 在十字路口
9. When will you arrive at the office? 你什么时候会到公司呢？
10. I'm in France, at Paris. 我住在法国巴黎。(相对法国来讲，巴黎只是一个“点”)
11. There is a small hut at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一座小屋子。
12. My aunt lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.
我的姑妈住在Durham,Boretz 路门牌55号。(地址要用at，不能用in)
13. at the side 在一边
14. at reception 在招待会上
15. I'm at work. 我在工作。
16. at class/ home/ the library/ the office/ school 在班上/家里/图书馆/公
司/学校
2.2 in 把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间：
1. I live in London. 我住在伦敦。(大城市用in)
2. I live in England, at London. 我住在英国伦敦。(England大过London喔)
3. I live in a big city, my sister lives at a small town. 我住在大城市，我
姐姐住在一个小市镇。(如果把city看做一个圆圈，small town就成一个点。因此就in a city, at a small town. 呵呵)
4. We have a meeting in Beijing. 我们有北京有一个会议。
5. Mars is in the Solar System. 火星在太阳系里。
6. in a car 乘汽车 (不是 on a car 也不是 by a car 喔)
7. in a taxi 乘的士 (不是 on a taxi 或 by a taxi )
8. in a helicopter 乘直升机
9. in a boat 乘小船
10. in a lift (elevator) 乘电梯 (电梯像个笼子，当然要用 in 啦)
11. in the newspaper 在报上
12. in the sky 在空中
13. in the bed 在床上 (也可用 on the bed)
14. in the bedroom/ class/ library/ school 在寝室/课室/图书馆/学校
2.3 on 把地方、地点、位置当作一个平面：
1. The author's name is on the cover of the book. 在书的封面上有作者的名
字。
2. There are no prices on this menu. 在这菜单上没有价钱。
3. You are standing on my foot. 你踏到我的脚了。
4. There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall. 在那墙上有个“不准吸烟”的牌
子。
5. I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. 我住在伦敦牛津街
21号八楼。(7th floor 就是八楼；注意句中的 on, at, in 的用法)
6. on a bus 乘巴士 (不是 in a bus 喔)
7. on a train 乘火车 (可想像“骑”在火车上，哈哈)
8. on a plane 乘飞机 (可想像“骑”在飞机上)
9. on a ship 乘轮船
10. on a bicycle, on a motorbike 骑自行车/摩托车
11. on a horse, on an elephant 骑马/象
12. on the radio, on television 听广播、看电视
13. on the left, on the right 在左边、在右边
14. on the way 在路上
15. on the bed 在床上 (也可用 in the bed)
16. on the ceiling 在天花板上
17. on the floor 在地板上
2.4 by 用在表示位置(有在旁、贴近、靠近之意)：
1. by the fire 在炉边
2. by the seaside 在海边
3. a path by the river 沿河道路
4. by the nearest road 走近路
我想要记忆介词的用法，就得用一点想象力加以联想。如：at home, at the door, at the corner等等，可想象“at家门口的角落里”。再比如: in Beijing, in a car, in a taxi, in a boat, in a helicopter, in the sky ... 可想象为“In 北京，乘汽车，乘的士，再乘小船，乘上直升机在空中飞”。
下回我们将要谈的是 at, in, on 用来表示时间的方面。再会！
谈谈介词(Preposition)(四)
三、at, in, on, by 用来表示时间
3.1 at (在、于)用指明一特定的时间、节日、年龄：
1. at dawn/ at night/ at noon/ at midnight /at daybreak
在黎明/在夜里/在中午/在午夜/在日出时
2. I go to school at seven in the morning. (at seven) 我早上七点钟去上学。
3. at half past five (五点过半小时) 在五点半
4. at a quarter to seven (过四分之一小时就到七点) 六点四十五分
5. The train is due at 12.15 p.m. (at 12.15p.m.)
那班火车的到站时间是12点15分。
6. at mid-autumn festival/ at Christmas / at Spring Festival
在中秋节/ 在圣诞节 /在春节
7. at forty 在四十岁时
3.2 in (在、在…之内、在…期间、在…后、过…后)
指明：天、年、月、季节、周次：
1. in the morning 在早上 (不可说at the morining。鬼才知道为什么不可用at，
大约因为at 没有“在…期间”的意思吧 )
2. in the afternoon 在下午 (在下午这段期间，呵呵,举一反三喔)
3. She likes to work in the evening. (或in the night) 她喜欢在晚上工作。
4. in the day time 在白天
5. in 2002 (2002可读作two thousand two) 在2002年
6. He's to quit in May. (in May)他在五月就辞职了。
7. He went to Tokyo in June 2002. (in June 2002)他于2002年六月去东京。
8. in the second week of July 在七月份的第二周
9. It's too cold in winter to run outside. (in winter) 冬天里出外跑步是太
冷了。
10. in two months 在两个月内
11. in those days 在当时
3.3 on (在…时、在(某日)、在某日早/午/晚、当…时候、和…同时、刚一…)指明：
日子、日期、星期加上早午晚
1. on the first 在一号(指某月一号,如二号要说second等。其实意思是指某月的第
几天)
2. We're having a party on the fifth of June. (或 on June the fifth)
我们会在六月五日举行一个晚会。
3. on July the third 1990 在1990年7月3日
4. My brother is coming on Sunday. (on Sunday) 我的哥哥会在星期天来。
5. on Sunday morning /afternoon 在星期天早上/下午
6. on Friday evening 在星期五晚上
7. on the next morning 隔天早上
8. on the following afternoon 在下一个傍晚
9. on the night before 在前一个晚上
10.on the morning of 5th 在五号的早上
(你可能会说为什么不是in the morning? 如果你把morning of 抽掉,就可看出原来是
on the 5th喽。morning 也可换成evening, afternoon)
11. on the afternoon of his birthday
在他生日那天下午 (on the afternoon 不可用 in...，同
上)
3.4 by (的时候、到、等到…已经) 用在天、时间：
1. by day 白天(的时候)
2. by 2 o'clock 到两点钟
3. by this time 等到现在(已经)…
4. miss by a minute 迟一分钟
要记住这些规则，可以用上回我们提到的“联想法”。加油喔！再会。
谈谈介词(Preposition)(五)
四、for, since 用于表示时间：
4.1 我们用 for 用计量时间(年、月、日、时、分、秒等)
1. He held his breath for five minutes. 他闭息达五分钟。
2. She's lived there for ten years. 她住在那里已有十年。
3. The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries.
英国人和爱尔兰人之间的争吵已有七个世纪了。
4.2 我们用 since 表示明确的日期或时间：
1. He's woked here since 1980. 自从1970年他就在此工作。
2. She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty.
自两点半她就坐在等候室了。
五、表示动作的介词：to ,toward或不用介词：
5.1 我们用 to 表示向某处移动：
1. They were driving to work together. 他们一同开车去工作。
2. She's going to the destist's office this morning. 今早她去看牙医。
5.2 toward 表示移向某处：
1. We're moving toward the light. 我们向灯光处移动。
2. This is a big step towards the project's completion.
这是对于工程的完成前进了一大步。
5.3 不需要介词的词：home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs,
upstairs ...
1. Grandma went upstairs.
2. Rama went home.
3. She came inside.
六、介词与名词、形容词、动词的组合：
在英语里介词有时和其他的字紧密地组合在一起，可以当作一个词来看待。这种组
合很多，需要平时多加注意。
6.1 名词+介词：
1. approval of 批准
2. awareness of 意识到
3. grasp of 把握住
4. hatred of 憎恶
5. desire for 要求、愿望
6. fondness for 爱好 (I've a fondness for collecting stamps.)
7. hope for 希望、期待 (hope for the best 乐观)
8. need for 必要 (There is no need for hurrying.)
9. reason for 有必须……的理由 (have reason for...)
10. respect for 尊敬 (have respect for...)
11. belief in 信任于
12. interest in 对……有兴趣
13. success in 成功、成就
6.2 形容词 + 介词：
1. afraid of (He is not afraid of anything.)
2. aware of 觉得
3. capable of 能 (The tank is capable of holding 8 kg. of water.)
4. fond of 喜爱 (He's fond of fishing.)
5. jealous of 嫉妒于
6. made of 用……制成的
7. proud of 对……感觉光荣 (I'm proud of his acquaintance. 认识他是我的光
荣。)
8. sure of 确信 (You may be sure of his honesty.)
9. tired of 厌倦的
10. careless about 不关心、不重视
11. worried about 自找烦恼
12. familiar with 熟悉于、精通于
13. interested in 兴趣于
14. sorry for 懊悔、觉得过意不去 (You will be sorry for this some day.)
6.3 动词 + 介词：(这类组合特别多。要特别注意同一个动词配上不同的介词，意思
就不同了)
1. care about 关心 (He doesn't care about other people. 他不关心别人。)
2. care for 喜欢 (Would you care for a cup of coffee? 你喜欢来杯咖啡吗？)
3. take care of 照顾 (Take care of yourseft. 照顾自己喔。)
4. dream about 梦到 (I dreamt about you last night. 昨晚我梦到你。)
5. dream of 梦想 (I often dream of being rich. 我时常梦想发达了。)
6. hear about 听到关于……的详情 (Have you hear about Jane? )
7. hear of 听到……的事/话 (Have you heard of a place called 'Mulu'?)
8. hear from 得到……的消息 (Have you heard from Ann recently?)
9. look at 注视、考察(Why you look at me like that?)
10. look for 找、指望 (Can you help me look for my keys?)
11. look after 照应、看守 (She is ill, she needs someone to look after
her.)
12. think about 思索、考虑 (What are you thinking about?)
13. think of 想起、企图 (He told me his name but I can't think of it now.)
七、多余的介词：(不必加上介词的地方就不要随意加上,括号内的介词须去掉)
1. She met (up with) the new coach in the hallway.
2. The book fell off (of) the desk.
3. He threw the book out (of) the window.
4. She wouldn't let the cat inside (of) the house.
5. Where did they go (to)?
6. Where is your college (at)?
八、句子里并列的介词：
8.1 如并列的介词相同，可去其一：(括号里的介词删去)
1. You can wear that outfit in summer and (in) winter.
2. The female was both attracted (by)(被吸引) and distracted by(使分心)
the male's dance.
8.2 如并列的介词不相同，相关的介词必需列出：
1. The children were interested in and disgusted by the movie. (interested
in感兴趣 / disgusted by讨厌)
2. It was clear that this player could both contribute to and learn from
every game he played. (contribute to付出 / learn from 从…学习)
3. He was fascinated by and enamored of this beguiling woman. (fascinated
by被迷住 / enamored of 倾心的)
英文介词实在是太多了，举不胜举。有兴趣的可找一本介词词典研究一番，也许有朝一
日能成为介词专家也说不定喔。


相关链接：语法专题指导

·语文课件下载
·语文视频下载
·语文试题下载

·语文备课中心



『点此察看与本文相关的其它文章』『搜索相关课件』


【上一篇】【下一篇】   【教师投稿】 
本站管理员：尹瑞文 微信：13958889955