谭老师暑假讲语法(五)
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（11）现在完成时
1. 现在完成时的定义
现在完成时通常是指过去某一动作对现在的影响或过去某一动作持续到现在（可能要继续下去）
2. 现在完成时的构成
现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成的
4. 现在完成时的基本用法
a. 现在完成时可表示过去发生的动作对现在所产生的影响，后面通常不用时间状语，但句中常出现already, just, yet等副词。如：
Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。
I’ve just finished reading the novel.我刚刚读完这本小说。
Have you seen the doctor yet?你看过医生了吗？
注：already和yet用法上的区别
already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，常用于句末。但already有时也可用语疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。如：
b. 现在完成时也可表示从过去某时开始的动作，状态一直持续到现在，常和for, since引导的时间状语连用。如：
I have learned English for 5 years.
He lived in Beijing since he was born.
注：(1) for和since引导的时间状语的区别: for + 一段时间, since + 一点时间 从句（从句中常用一般过去时）
(2)表示继续的现在完成时也可和lately, recently, so far, up to now, till now, in the past(last) few years……, this week (month, year……), all day, all this week等时间状语连用。如：
Tom has had a toothache all day.
I haven't heard from him recently.
(3)现在完成时也可表示从过去到现在曾经经历过或做过的事情，常和often, ever, never, before, once, …times等时间状语连用。如：
I’ve never been to Beijing.我从没去过北京。
He has read this book before.他以前读过这本书。
1. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
(1)两者都可表示过去发生过的动作，但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而后者则是表示过去动作的事实。
(2)两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，现在完成时含义为该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说明该动作现已终止。如：
He has lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年了。（动作仍在继续）
He lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年。（动作已结束）
2. 点动词与延续性动词的区别
所谓点动词是指含有终止或短暂意义的动词。如：begin, end, die, buy, borrow, come, arrive, join, marry等动词。它们通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
I have bought a book.我买了一本书。
I’ve had this book for three weeks.这本书我已经买了三星期了。
某些非延续性动词可以与since连用，表示重复的动作或状态。如：
I have met her often since I moved here.
They have gone fishing five times since last spring.
有些非延续性动词现在完成时在否定结构中可以与since或for短语连用。如：
He has never touched beer for a whole week.
I haven't bought anything for a year.
3. has been to和has gone to的区别
has been to表示“曾经去过”说明所提及的对象一回到说话地点
has gone to表示“去……”说明所提及的对象不在说话地点。如：
I’ve been to Beijing for many times.我到过北京很多次了。
Tom has gone to Beijing and will come back next week.汤姆已到北京去了，下星期才回来。
4. have got的含义
have got形式上是现在完成时，却和have是同一个意思
She has got a slight temperature. She has a slight temperature.她有点发烧。
Have you got a new dictionary? Do you have a new dictionary?你有一本新字典吗？
5. 注意下面各句的意思：
He has gone for two days. 他走了，将离开两天。= He has gone and will be away for two days.
She has come for a week. 她来了，要呆一个星期。= She has come and will stay here for a week.
I haven't heard from her since she lived in Nanjing. 自从她离开南京以来，我一直没有她的音信。
1.You won't know if it fits you until you ___ it on.
A. will try B. are trying C. try D. have tried
2.It's said that he ___ sent to Australia to improve his English.
A. would be B. was to be C. has been D. had been
3.This is the second time you ___ late this week.
A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. arrive
4.The living standard of the people in Nanjing ___ since1983.
A. has raised B. had been risen C. has risen D. rose
5.Mr. Smith has lived in Canada for twelve years, so he ___ life there.
A. used to B. get used to C. got used to D. has got used to
6.Mike ___ with Jane for one year.
A. has been in love B. has fallen in love C. has been loved D. has loved
7. Tom was said to ___ Mary for 40 years.
A. have been married to B. have married with C. have been married with D. had married with
8.Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place, have been set up B. have taken place, have been set up
C. have taken place, have set up D. were taken place, were set up
9.Robert is said ___ abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
10.The price ___, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
现在完成时的语法特征与判别方法
现在完成时是英语动词所特有的一个时态，一直是中国学生学习的一个难点。要掌握这一时态，不但要明确其基本特征，更要了解其判别方法。
一、现在完成时的"完成用法"和"未完成用法"
1．现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某时刻并已结束，但该动作影响到现在，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：
He has turned off the light．他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。）
Who has opened the window？谁把窗子打开了？（动作发生在过去，但说明的是现在的情况--现在窗子开着呢。）
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如：already，yet，before，recently等）、频度时间状语（如：never，ever，once等）、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语（如：this morning ／ month ／year．．．，today等）连用。例如：
Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
I haven't seen him recently．我最近没有见到他。
I've been there once or twice．我去过那里一两次。
I have written two letters this morning．今天上午我写了两封信。
2．现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，刚刚结束，或可能还要继续下去。例如：
He has lived here since 1978．自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。）
I have lived here for more than 30years．我在这儿已住了三十多年了。（动作开始于30多年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。）
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语（由since或for引出），或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如：up to now，so far等），或all day之类的状语。例如：
I have heard nothing from him up to now．到目前为止我没听到他的任何消息。
My mother is ill again．She has been in poor health all her life．我母亲又病了。她这一辈子身体一直不好。
注意：因为此种用法的动作是持续的，现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于持续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或持续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。如果要表达这类动作发生了多长时间，需采用下列表达法：
1）状态动词be＋表语＋for短语
2）It is ／has been ＋一段时间＋ since从句
请看下例：
He has been back for three days．或 It has been three days since he came back．（取代has come back）他已回来三天了。
He has been in the army for three years．或It is three years since he joined the army．（取代has joined）他参军已三年了。
They have been away for two hours．或It has been two hours since they left．（取代have left）他们已走了两个小时了。
二、现在完成时的判别
1．当表示不确定的过去时间副词，如al ready，yet，ever，never，al- ways等作状语说明现在的情况时，多用现在完成时。例如：
"Have you ever seen a wolf？""No， I've never seen one．""你见过狼吗？""没有，我从来没见过。"
Have you finished reading it yet？你读完了吗？
I've already done enough harm to her．我对她的伤害已经够多的了。
2．当（ever）since短语、介词for短语、 since引起的短语或从句作状语的句子涉及现在的情况时，用现在完成时。例如：
She went to Shanghai in 1978and has lived there ever since．她1978年去了上海，此后一直住在那里。
He has been in prison for five years．他已被监禁五年了。
3．当有一个表示"迄今为止"含义的短语作状语时，一定要用现在完成时。这类短语常见的有：so far，up till now，up to now，up to the present，until now，as yet等。例如：
So far I have read only 30pages．到目前为止我才读了30页。
As yet we haven't made any plans for our trip to Hangzhou．到目前为止，我们还没有做好去杭州的安排。
Up till now，we have planted over 24，000 fruit trees．至今，我们已栽了24000棵果树。
4．当表示最近的过去的词语作状语时，多用现在完成时。这类词语常见的有：in the last ／past few years ／weeks ／days．．．，for the last ／past few years ／weeks ／days．．．，recently，lately，these few days等。例如：
I've only recently begun to learn Chinese．我只是最近才开始学中文。
He hasn't had anything to eat for the last twelve hours．在过去的12个小时里他什么都没吃。
It is obvious that enemy forces have built up greatly in that area in the last few days．很明显，在过去的几天里，敌人在那个地区集结了很多兵力。
5．当用all day，all this year，all one's life，this morning ／afternoon ／week．．．这类表示一段时间的短语作状语，而且这段时间还没过去，仍包含现在时间在内时，要用现在完成时。例如：
My father has repaired two bicycles this morning．今天上午爸爸修了两台自行车。（说话时仍是上午）
My parents has lived in that small town all their lives．我父母一生都住在那个小镇里。（说话时父母仍健在）
6．下列句型的从句中要用现在完成时：
It（This ／That）is the first time（that）．．．
It（This ／That）is the only ／the first ／the
best．．．（that）．．．
例如：
It is the third time she has been to Beijing this year．这是她今年第三次去北京了。
This is the best beer that I have ever drunk．这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。
This is the only party that I've ever really enjoyed in my life．这是我一生中唯一的一次真正玩得开心的聚会。
Exercises：
1．So far，she _______ her holiday very much．
A．has not enjoyed B．did not enjoy
C．doesn't enjoy D．was not enjoying
2．John caught a cold on Saturday and _______ in bed ever since．
A．was B．has been
C．is D．have been
3．All of those houses _______ in the last ten years．
A．were built B．had been built
C．have been built D．have built
4．I _______ to speak to you for these days．
A．want B．wanted
C．had wanted D．have wanted
5．This is the first time that I _______ really relaxed for months．
A．had felt B．felt
C．have felt D．am feeling
6．There _______ a lot of changes in our city recently．
A．are B．have been
C．has been D．were
7．It's one of the most interesting books that _______．
A．I've ever read B．I read
C．I had ever read D．I am reading
8．"Where is your uncle's home？"" _______ in Boston for the past four years．"
A．He's lived B．He's living
C．He lived D．He lives
9．Lead _______ as material for sculpture since the time of the early Greeks．
A．has used B．has been used
C．are used D．was used
10．As yet we _______ any plans for the holiday．
A．did not make B．have not made
C．don't make D．would not make
Key：1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C
6．B 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．B
怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时
现在让我们来比较一下现在完成时和现在完成进行时。在比较这两个时态时，关键在于对现在完成进行时的基本概念是否理解，因为对于现在完成时我们已经有了一个基本的理解了。
　　现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。
　　现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较：
　　（1）现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：
　　We have been cleaning the classroom．（a）
　　We have cleaned the classroom．（b）
　　（a）句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。（b）句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。又，（a）句表示教室刚刚打扫过，（b）句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。
　　Be careful! John has been painting the door．（a）
　　John has painted the door．（b）
　　（a）句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过，现在油漆还未干，所以你要小心。（b）句则无此含义，油漆可能已干了。
　　（2）现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。如：
　　They have been widening the road．（a）
　　They have widened the road．（b）
　　（a）句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。（b）句的意思则是已完工了。有时现在完成时有延续性（如一些属于持续体的动词），但无临时性质。如：
　　Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978．（a）
　　Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979．（b）
　　（a）句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义，（b）句则没有。
　　（3）但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质，如：
　　My moth! er has been teaching English for twenty years．（a）
　　My mother has taught English for twenty years.（b）
　　（a）句在此并无临时性质，但较口语化。（b）句则较为正式。又，（a）句表示动作现在仍在继续．并将延续下去，（b）句的动作是否延续下去，须由上下文决定，但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。
　　（4）现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：
　　Have you been meeting her lately？（a）
　　Have you met her lately？（b）
　　（a）句有“经常相会”之意，（b）句则没有。（b）句如与often，every day等时间状语连用，当然也表示动作在重复。
　　（5）现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：
　　What have you been doing？（a）
　　What have you done？（b）
　　（a）句表示惊异。（b）句只是一个问题。
　　Have you been waiting long？（a）
　　Have you waited long？（b）
　　（a）句较（b）句生动。又，（a）句比较口语化。
　　I have been wanting to meet you for long．（a）
　　I have long wanted to meet you．（b）
　　（a）句比（b）句更亲切，更有礼貌。
　　Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly．（a）
　　Recently Mary has done her work regularly．（b）
　　（a）句显然是在表扬玛丽。（b）只说明一个事实。
　　下面还有一例，颇为有趣:
　　Who's been eating my apples？（a）
　　Who's eaten my apples？（b）
　　（a）句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满，（b）句只是希望回答的一个问题。又，（a）句兼有进行时态，所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思，（b）句是完成时态，说明“苹果一个不剩了”。
（14）现在完成进行时
1 定义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。
2 现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成
3 现在完成进行时的基本句型
肯定式
疑问式
简略回答
I have been working.
Have you been working?
Yes, I/we have.
No, I/we haven''t.
He/She/It has been working.
Has he/she/it been working?
Yes, he/she/it has.
No, he/she/it hasn''t.
We/You/They have been working.
Have they been working?
Yes, they have.
No, they haven''t.
注： 现在完成进行时基本上没有否定结构
4 现在完成时的语法作用
（1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：I’ve been reading this book for two hours, but I haven’t finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。
I’ve read this book.我已读完这本书了。
（2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。
She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。
（3）动作不包含持续意义的动作，要表示延续到现在的动作，要用现在完成进行时。
They’ve been building a ship.（在进行）他们一直在造一艘船。
（4）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。
We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
（1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：
We''ve been living here for ten years.
We’ve lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。
（2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：
The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。
The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。
（3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have, exist, like, hate, hear, know, sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：
They’ve known each other since 1970.自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。
单项选择
1.Even though they ___ for twenty years, the two neighbours are not on good terms.
A. have been lived side by side B. had been living side by side
C. have been side by side living D. have been living side by side
2.I haven''t seen Mary these past few days, I''m afraid she ___ herself for some time.
A. hasn''t been feeling B. hadn''t been feeling C. isn''t feeling D. wasn''t feeling
3.She ___ on this essay for twenty minutes but she has written only about a hundred words.
A. will be working B. worked C. has been working D. will have worked
4.---Hi, Tracy, you look tired. ---I''m tired. I ___ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
5.---Hi, Joan, I have seen you for weeks. What ___ recently?
---Carrying on some research on wildlife.
A. have you been doing B. have you done C. were you doing D. did you do
6.You must be tired now since you ___ for five hours.
A. have been worked B. have been working C. worked D. would work
（13）过去完成时
1 过去完成时的定义
过去完成时表在过去某一时刻以前已经完成的动作。强调“过去的过去”
2 过去完成时的构成
过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成
4 过去完成时的基本用法
表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
怎样判断出句子有“两个过去”呢？表示第一个过去有如下方式：
1.可以用by, before等介词短语接过去时间构成第一个过去:
Before 2001 , he had built 3 houses for his family .
2001年是第一个过去.2001年之前建了三间房便是"过去的过去"了.
By the age of five, Edition had begun to do experiment .
"by the age of five"是站在现在的角度看的第一个过去.在5岁之前已开始实验便是"过去的过去"
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚９点钟，我们已经收到２００　张飞船发来的图片。
2.在复合句中,两个动作一先一后,发生在前的动作是发生在后的动作的前提和基础.发生在前的动作就必须用过去完成时.1)状语从句
When I got home ,my mother had gone to slept .
When I had had breakfast , I went to school .
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如：
When she saw a mouse，she screamed。
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
2)宾语从句用过去完成时最多:
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
3）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：
I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。
4）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。这种句型不用"两个过去",单一句就用had thought /hoped/intended/wanted话例如：
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我们本来希望能来看看你。
5）过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。例如：
Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
Hardly had the bell rung，Irushed to the dining-hall。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。
1.历史事实通常用一般过去时表示，如：
They learned that President Lincoln led the American War.
He told the students that Hitler killed millions of Jews.
2.过去完成时可以代替一般过去时，表示惊奇，如：
I saw her coming, but in a minute, she had disappeared.
They wanted to keep it a secret, but a few days later, everyone had known it.
3. 过去完成时可表示对后来动作的影响，对比下面两组句子：
A) He had eaten something before taking dinner. (So he had no appetite at dinner.)
B) He ate something before taking dinner. (He might have his usual appetite at dinner.)
A) She felt better after she had taken a few days'' rest. (Feeling better is the result of taking a few days'' rest.)
B) She felt better after she took a few days'' rest. (Feeling better may not be the result of taking a few days''s rest.)
单项选择
1.By the time he was twelve, Edison ______ to make a living by himself.
A. would begin B. has begun C. had begun D. was begun
2.That dinner was the most expensive meal we _______.
A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had
3.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ______ when he ______ at the party.
A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived
4.When Jack arrived he learned Mary ______ for almost an hour.
A. had gone B. has set off C. had left D. had been away
5. ---How long _______ each other before they ______ married? ---For about a year.
A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got
6.Helen ________ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _______ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come
下列各句中出现了时态使用错误，请指出并改正
1.When she was at the middle school, she often reads in the library.
2.When she got home, the children went to bed.
3.He said he didn't see his uncle for many years.
4.I didn't go to see the film because I saw it before.
5.The wind was still blowing, but the rain has stopped.
6.By the end of last term we learned about 1,500 English words.
7.Lu Xun had spoken to the youth about the study of the foreign language.
8.Yang Mei learned some English before she came to this school.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句与定语从句前面都有一个名词，也都可用that引导。
区别：1.同位语从句是该名词本身的内部内容.就象给该名词下定义一样.I've heard the news that our football team failed in the match against Japan. The news is that our football team failed.凡是能用一个is把该名词和该从句连接起来,句子意思成立的就是同位语从句.
而定语从句是对先行词的外部修饰或限制.先行词充当从句的宾语或主语.例:I've heard the news that no one has heard . news当 heard的宾语,从句和先行词不能用is连接成句子.
2.同位语从句的that不充当从句的主语或宾语,定语从句反之,同位语从句的that不能省略,定语从句反之.
3．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
而此类名词后的定语从句却不必用should : I hated the order that my mother gave me .
We couldn't stay to dinner because the last bus _______at eight o'clock.
left
has left
is leaving
will leave
is leaving 和will leave有什么区别?
We are aware that,______,the situation will get worse.
if not dealingwith carefully
if dealt not carefully with
if not carefully dealt with
if not carefully dealing with
这道题我觉得选C可答案是D 为什么?
The dramatist was not recognized as a great mind ________his death.
up to
from behind
till after
till to
_______everyone else wouldn't go to the mountain area,he went without a second thought.
As long as
While
Whereas
Where
We couldn't stay to dinner because the last bus _______at eight o'clock.
left
has left
is leaving
will leave
is leaving 和will leave有什么区别?
首先，stay to dinner不对的，stay for dinner。其次，个人认为选leaves比较好，不过这道题也真够无聊的了。
We are aware that,______,the situation will get worse.
if not dealingwith carefully
if dealt not carefully with
if not carefully dealt with
if not carefully dealing with
这道题我觉得选C可答案是D 为什么?
答案错了吧。应选C
The dramatist was not recognized as a great mind ________his death.
up to
from behind
till after
till to
应该选C。
_______everyone else wouldn't go to the mountain area,he went without a second thought.
As long as
While
Whereas
Where
选B吧。whil表示对比。
We are aware that,______,the situation will get worse.
if not dealingwith carefully
if dealt not carefully with
if not carefully dealt with
if not carefully dealing with
个人认为应选C,扦入语显然是修饰从句,the situation是被动的.
表示将来时的另外三种常用句型：
We couldn't stay to dinner because the last bus _______at eight o'clock.
left
has left
is leaving
will leave
is leaving 和will leave有什么区别?
The train leaves at 8.
I'm leaving next week.
When his father comes here,he will leave.
这三个句型的特点是:
1.由公众活动时间表决定,不是由个人主观随意改变的公众行为,常用一般现在时表示将来时,如:Tomorrow is Saturday. The first lesson begins at 7 .
2.由主语事先思想上有准备,有打算的,可以由个人主观决定执行或改变的常用be doing,be going to 为最典型.其它动词常见的有leave,come,start,do,......等等许多个人主观活动的动词.
3.没有事先思想准备,或具备某条件,某情况下大多数的可能,倾向,发展趋势总是出现,发生的相对客观的事情用will
1、As you kown,whether the person will be elected president is a matter of _______interest.
a.general b.common c. ordinary d.mostly
2、Because of the accident,the road was _______to traffic.
a.shut b.closed c.turned off d.ended
3、There are _____people dancing and singing in the park on May Day.
a.a good many b.a good many of
c.the large number if d.a great deal of
4、-Can I get any good oranges in town?
-Yes,but you mustn't get them________
They're rather cheap at this season.
a.at a high price b.in a moment
c.by then d.with money
5、As I am not feeling too well,I really appreciate______to take my room.
a.him offer b.for him to offer
c.his offering d.him to offer
6、The hotel manager arranged_____my luggage to my room.
a.the driver taking b.for the driver to take
c.for the driver taking d.the driver to take
顺便公布一下答案
1、A 2、B 3、A 4、A 5、C 6、B
1、As you kown,whether the person will be elected president is a matter of _______interest.
a.general b.common c. ordinary d.mostly
C、D肯定不对，个人认为A、B都是可以的。
2、Because of the accident,the road was _______to traffic.
a.shut b.closed c.turned off d.ended
B是正解，习惯上都说be closed to traffic。不过A也不错，而且我肯定A不错。C、D肯定不对的。
3、There are _____people dancing and singing in the park on May Day.
a.a good many b.a good many of
c.the large number if d.a great deal of
B、C排除，A修饰可数，D修饰不可数。
4、-Can I get any good oranges in town?
-Yes,but you mustn't get them________
They're rather cheap at this season.
a.at a high price b.in a moment
c.by then d.with money
不知道存在什么问题。横线后的句子不正是告诉你选A吗？
5、As I am not feeling too well,I really appreciate______to take my room.
a.him offer b.for him to offer
c.his offering d.him to offer
6、The hotel manager arranged_____my luggage to my room.
a.the driver taking b.for the driver to take
c.for the driver taking d.the driver to take
appreciate doing sth。对于处于宾语位置的ING来说，one或者one's都可以。所以此处appreicate the driver's / the driver taking ...都可以。
common是大众的，共同的，即社会大众都共同拥有的，如公众的财产，大众的节日，大众的爱好，有时也表示时间上的“常见的”，此时相当于usual。ordinary表示品质上的“一般”，“普通”，如“相貌一般的”“普通一兵”usual侧重时间上“常见的”
a good many 是泛指全社会有“许多”，没有范围所以不用of，
be worth sth。
The park is really beautiful ,and it is ____ worth ____.
A very , visiting
B well, a visit
C well, being visited
D very, to visit
这题的参考答案是Ｄ，为什么？
应该选B，be worth doing 没错，问题是没有合适的可选啊，be worth +名词 的句型也对啊。a visit 是名词
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