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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高三英语语法 Subject-Verb Agreement 主谓一致 1. 当名词词组的中心词表示度量,时间,长度,价值等名词做主语时,往往看作 一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式. E.g. Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. Twenty years in prison was the punishment he had to pay. 2. 主语是表示“全体、部分、许多、种类”等名词或代词时，如：all，most， half，the rest，the last等，谓语动词单复数要根据上下文的意义来决定。E.g. All goes well. All are eager to reach an agreement. Half of the building was destroyed. Half of the students are boys. The rest of the lecture is interesting. The rest of the bikes are on sale today. The last of the bread is gone. 3. 加减乘除四则运算时,谓语一般用单数. E.g. Five plus five is ten. Fifteen minus three is 12. Two times three is six. Fifteen divided by three is five. **** 两数相加,谓语用单复数都可以. 两数相乘,谓语用单复数都可以. E.g. Five and five make / makes ten. Six times seven is / are forty-two. 4. 主语是分数词,百分比后边跟of + n.时,根据of 之后的名词的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数. E.g. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. Forty percent of the people are against the plan. 5. 主语为“many a +单数可数名词”,“more than one +单数可数名词”, 尽管意义上为复数,谓语动词用单数形式. E.g. There is more than one answer to your question. Many a man has died for the cause of the revolution. Many a boy and many a girl has seen it. 6. one of + 复数名词 + who / that / which 引导的定语从句中, 关系代词who, that. which 的先行词是复数名词而不是one, 从句中动词用复数形式. E.g. Tom is one of the few people who have learnt English for six years. This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. **** 如果one 之前有the only, the last, the right等词语来修饰时, 定语从句中的动词用单数形式. E.g. Jane is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band.(乐队) 7. 由and, both…and…连接的两个单数名词做主语时,动词用复数. E.g. My father and mother are teachers of physics. Basketball and swimming are usually summer sports. Plastics and rubber never rot. What he says and what he does don’t agree. Both rice and cotton grow well in this area. **** 但是: A and B做并列主语时,在意义上指同一个人, 或同一个事物, 同一个概念时,动词用单数. E.g. Your friend and adviser has agreed to lend me his money. Whiskey and soda is always my favorite drink. There is a knife and fork on the table. A cart and horse was seen in the distance. War and peace is a constant theme in history. Bread and butter is our daily food. The singer and dancer is to attend our evening. 1． 单数形式. E.g. Each boy and each girl was congratulated. Every flower and every bush is to be cut down. No teacher and no student has come yet. 9. 并列连词 or, either…or, neither…nor…, not only… but also…引导的名词做并列主语时,通常用就近性原则来确定动词的单复数. E.g. Neither you nor I am right. Not only the teacher but (also) his students are against the plan. 10. 当主语的后面跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, not, except, rather than, more than, no less than(不亚于, 和……一样)等引导的词组时,谓语动词看前面的名词是单数还是复数来确定. E.g. Nobody but Hsiao Li and Hsiao Wang was there. A woman with two children is coming up to us. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. Tom, more than anyone else, is anxious to go there again. The girl, as well as the boys, has learnt to ride. 11. 主语从句,不定式短语,动名词短语做主语时,谓语常用单数. E.g. Whether he’ll come or not is uncertain. Playing with fire is dangerous. To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. To see something is one thing, to do it is another. **** 但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。What I saw are two books. 12. 某些集体名词如：class, crowd ;family, public; team, school…做主语时,看作整 体时,谓语用单数;看作个体时,谓语用复数. E.g. The crowd were deeply moved. The public are strongly against the policy. The football team is playing well. The football team are having baths. Her family has moved to the south. Her family all live together. Class Three are having an English class. 13. neither和 none做主语时,看意义来定谓语的单复数. E.g. None of the books are / is easy enough for us. Neither of them has / have replied. 14. 带有-ics的复数形式的名词做主语时,表示学科的名称时,动词常用单数.如: mathematics, physics, politics, economics… E.g. Mathematics is a difficult science. Physics makes much use of mathematics. 15. 某些表示用具的复数名词glasses, clothes, trousers 做主语时, 谓语用复数。 E.g. My trousers are being washed. Where are your glasses? **** 但是, 如果前面有a / the pair of；a / the suit of等词语时，则谓语要用单数。 E.g. That pair of glasses was lying on the desk.---A suit of clothes was lying on the table. 16. “the + 形容词 / 分词”做主语时,动词用复数. E.g. The wounded are to be taken care of. The living must finish the tasks that the dead haven’t finished. **** 但是:如果表示一个人或抽象概念时,谓语用单数. E.g. The dead was his father, who left him a lot of money. 17. 某些形容词与定冠词连用时,表示抽象概念时,谓语常用单数.如: the beautiful, the good, the impossible, the unknown… E.g. The beautiful lives forever. The impossible has often proved possible. 18. everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everything, anything, nothing等做主语时谓语常用单数形式。E.g. Everybody is ready now, aren’t they? Everything is ready, isn’t it ? 2． |
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