不规则动词识记

中学英语教学资源网英语论文教学论文 手机版




  动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点,而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点,但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的。现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。
  一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d。如:
  cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread
  特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,read-read-read,但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。
  二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如:
  come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome
  三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如:
  1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如:
  lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent
  2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如:
  sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held
  3. 以eep结尾的动词,把eep改为ept。如:
  keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept
  4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如:
  buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught
  5. 有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如:
  say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid
  6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如:
  have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt
  四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u。如:
  begin
began
begun
drink
drank
drunk
sing
sang
sung
ring
rang
rung
swim
swam
swum
sink
sank
sunk

  五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加n。如:
  blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known
  六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。如:
  rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten
  特殊: write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten

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