新目标英语八年级教学笔记Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
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unit 11

　
　
Language Goal
　
Ask for permission politely
Request politely
　
Ask for permission

Do the dishes. Take out the trash. Do your parents say these things to you? Of course they do. Why? Well, someone has to do it. They're chores - small everyday duties. You may get money for doing a chore, you may not. Your parents may tell you to do it, or they may not. Parents and other people don't always give commands. Sometimes they ask. How do you ask politely? In English, the word could is often used for requests. Remember when your friend invited you to her party? or the time you asked your parents if you might stay up late? If you use could, it's a nice way of asking permission. And when your mom yells "Could you make your bed?" she's asking you "politely" to do a chore. So what are chores?

Warming up
1.What chores do you do everyday?
2.How do you ask for permission to do something in your language?
3.What chores do you do sometimes?

Vocabulary and phrases

1. do the dishes 洗餐具
2. sweep the floor 打扫地板
3. take out the trash 倒垃圾
4. make the bed 铺床
5. fold your clothes .
6. clean the living room 打扫客厅
7. stay out late 在外面呆得很晚。
8. use the car 用一下车
9. get a ride 搭车
10. work on 从事、忙于
11. have a test 有个考试
12. do chores 做家务
13. hate some chores 讨厌做一些家务。
hate sweeping the floor . 讨厌扫地。
14. make breakfast 做早餐。
15. do the laundry 洗衣服
16. do the shopping = go shopping 购物
do some washing = wash some clothes . 洗衣服。
do some cleaning = clean the house . 打扫卫生。
17. borrow (money ) from sb . 从某人那儿借（钱）...
18. buy some snacks 买一些小吃
19. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
invite sb to a party 邀请某人到晚会去。
20. I disagree with you . 我不同意你。
21. Thanks for taking care of my dog . 谢谢照顾我的狗。
22. take the dog for a walk 遛狗。
23. wash the bowl 洗碗
24. be in 在家＝be at home .
如：You weren't in yesterday . 昨天你不在家。
25. have some favors to ask you . 有一些事求你帮忙。
Would you please do me a favor .
你能帮我个忙吗？

Target Language
　
1. Could you please take out the trash ?
你能把垃圾倒掉吗？
sure .
当然可以。
2. Could I borrow the car ?
我能借你的车吗？
Sorry , but I need it . I have to go to a meeting .
对不起，我要用它。我必须去参加一个会议。
3. I have to make the bed and do the laundry .
我不得不铺床，洗衣服。
4. I need to eat breakfast .
我需要吃早饭。

Language points:

1. could表示请求，语气委婉，显得有礼貌。
eg. Could you please clean your room ?
你可以打扫你的房间吗？
肯定回答：Yes , I can .是的，我可以。
Yes , sure / Yes , of course .
否定回答：Sorry , I can't . I have to do my homework .
对不起，我不得不做作业。
另外Would you mind doing sth .也可表示请求。
eg . Would you mind cleaning your room ?
你介意去打扫你的房间吗？
No , I'd like to .不，我很乐意。
　
2. could表示请求许可，希望得到允许。
eg . Could I (please) go to the movies ?
我能去看电影吗？
肯定回答：Yes , you can .
Yes , sure .
当然可以。
否定回答：No , you can't .不，不行。
Now make sentences using "could"and the following phrases .
（1）go to the movies去看电影
（2）stay out late在外面呆得很晚
（3）use the car使用汽车
（4）get a ride去骑车
（5）use your computer使用你的电脑
（6）borrow some money借些钱
（7）invite my friends to a party .邀请我的朋友参加晚会
（8）go to the store去商店
（9）use your CD player使用你的CD播放器
　
3. could与can的区别
could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求。但是用法稍有不同。
can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈，上级对下级的场合；
eg. Can you tell us your story , Tony ?
Tony，你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗？
could表示有礼貌的请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈，下级对上级的场合。
eg. Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia ?
Sure .
请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？当然可以。
4. 关于to的用法
（1）介词to，有多种含义，to后面加名词或代词。
a. 向（某处），去（某地）
eg. All roads lead to Rome .
条条大路通罗马。
Let's go to the movies .
让我们去看电影吧。
b. 到（某时间或数量）
eg. It's ten to four by my watch .
我的表是四点差十分。
Don't leave things to the last moment .
不要把事情都推到最后一刻才做。
c. 向，为
eg. I'll speak to him about it .
我去和他谈这件事
eg. Happy New Year !—The same to you !
彼此彼此。
d. 对
eg. He is always polite to us .
他一向对我们有礼貌。
（2）to做为动词不定式的标志，to +动词原形。
动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式。to可以为其标志。也就是说，to后面如果加动词，或助动词，一定要加原形。
下面把我们学过的一些关于to的短语总结一下：
have to do sth不得不，必须做某事
need to do sth需要做某事
hate to do sth讨厌做某事
like to do sth喜欢做某事
want to do sth想做某事
love to do sth热爱做某事
forget to do sth忘记做某事
start to do sth开始做某事
begin to do sth开始做某事
ask sb to do sth请某人做某事
Ex：Fill in the blanks
1. Mom ___________（想成为）an artist when she was a girl .
2. I'm so sorry that I ___________（忘记写）a letter to you .
3. Lucy __________（喜欢吃）healthier food .
4. Why did you _________（请Bob来唱歌）in our party ?
5. He ____________（开始学习）the accordion at the age of 4 .
6. You ____________（需要做）more exercises every day .
Keys：
1. wanted to be 2. forgot to write 3. likes to eat
4. ask Bob to sing 5. began to learn 6. need to do

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