新目标英语教学笔记 八年级上Unit 8 How was your school trip?
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Language goal

1. Talk about events in the past .
2. Simple Past Tense
　
Language structure

1. 过去时规则动词和不规则动词的构成
2. 过去时的肯定句和否定句
3. Did you ... ?
4. Were there ... （Was there）... ?

Vocabulary

aquarium 水族馆 shark鲨鱼
take photos 拍照片 souvenir纪念品 seal海豹
autograph亲笔签名 visitor访问者
giant巨人或巨物 octopus章鱼
go for a drive 开车兜风 take class 上课
day off 一天的假 have fun 玩得高兴
yard sale 庭院旧货出售 现场旧货出售
unfortunately 不幸的、倒霉的 kind of 有那么一点
science center科技中心 gift shop礼品店
Hang out

Exercise

Fill in the blank with the correct word. Select your answer from the following.
aquarium observatory autographs
finally telescope
mayonnaise souvenirs flour

1. Did you see dolphins at the ?
2. Jeff likes , so put a lot on his sandwich.
3. Tina collects movie star .
4. If you look through a , you see stars in the sky.
5. Buy at the gift shop.


Target language

1. What did you do on your school trip ?
2. Did you go to the zoo?
3. No., I didn't . I went to the aquarium.
4. Did you see any seals? Yes, I saw some seals.
5. Were there any sharks ? No , there weren't any sharks ; but there were some really smart seals.
6. What else did you do ?
7. Her friend bought a souvenir.
8. Toby won a prize .
9. Did you buy anything ?
10. How was your day off ?
　
重点、难点：
1. 复习一般过去时
一般过去时主要用来表示过去发生的动作或状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1978, a moment ago, just now.

a. be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)。一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。

b.实义动词过去式的句式。①肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。
　　如：They had a good time yesterday.
　　②否定式：主语+did not(didn't)+动词原形+其它。如：They didn't watch TV last night.
　　③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did.否定回答：No，主语+didn't.
　　如：Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes，they did. / No，they didn't.
　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：What time did you finish your homework?
　
C. 关于过去式的规则变化
规则动词过去式的变化可速记为"直"、"去"、"双"、"改"四字诀。
　　①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如：wanted，played。
　　②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed。如：hoped，lived。
　　③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopped。
　　④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。如：studied，worried。
　　规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后[t]，元浊[d]，[t] [d]之后读[Id]。
　　①清辅音[p] [k] [f] [s] [F] [tF]等后，ed要读[t]。如：worked，finished。
　　②元音或浊辅音[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]等后，ed要读[d]。如：lived，called。
　　③[t]或[d]后，ed读[Id]。如：started，needed。
　
D. 不规则动词的变化有许多，在这个单元中我们首先应记住以下几个：
1. go －went 2. take－took
3. have－had 4. buy－bought
5. eat－ate 6. see－saw
7. hang－hung（悬挂）
8. meet－met 9. win－won（赢得）
10. sleep－slept 11. put－put
12. come－came 13. wake－woke（醒）
14. read－read
　
2. 1b Listen and circle the expressions in the box.
The correct answers are : went to the aquarium
saw some seals , hung out with her friends , took photos
对话中有一句Were there any sharks ?
因为sharks是复数，因此用there be 句型（有）时，be为were表示复数形式的过去式。原形为there are .
同学们在运用这一个结构时不要将其写成"那里有"的逐字翻译：即There have 。这是错误的。there is （are）表示的是什么地方有什么东西。
have也表示"有"，一般情况下它的主语是某人。表示某人有某物，试比较：
I have two pens. （表示我有...）
There are two pens on the desk. （表示某处有某物）
　
3. 2a Listen and check the question you hear .
2b Listen again and circle "T"or "F"
What else did you do ?
else 表示还。What else 表示"还有什么"
如：What else do you want ?
你还想要什么？
He won a prize .
他赢了一个奖。win的过去式won表示赢得
　
4 3a.
have a great time 或have a good time.
have fun 都表示玩得愉快
在这段短文中作者用了"First"、"Then"、"After that""Finally（最终）""At the end of the day. "来表示一天活动的先后顺序，使得文章看起来活泼又自然。
They went to the Outdoor Pool where there was a giant octopus.
他们去了有一个巨大的章鱼的（叫做）Outdoor Pool 的地方。
where there was a giant octopus 是定语从句，定的中心词是the Outdoor Pool . （户外泳池）
又如：They went to the Gift Shop where they bought lots of gifts.
他们去了他们买了许多礼物的Gift Shop商店。
where they bought lots of gifts . 是定语从句，定的中心词是the Gift Shop.
同学们只要知道这两句的中文意思即可。
另外说一个章鱼时我们要说an octopus.
　
5 1b . On my next day off , I don't want to go for a drive.
on my last day off . 表示在我上一次休假日。
on my next day off . 表示在我下个休假日。
day off 表示一天的假。
go for a drive. 开车兜风。
sleep late 睡得很晚。
　
6. 2a Listen . What did Tina and Tony do on their last day off ? Check （v）Tony and Tina.
2b Listen again. What did Tina and Tony say about their day off ? Fill in the chart .
How was your day off ? 你的一日休假过得怎么样？（用过去时）
What was your last day off like ?
你上一次休假怎么样？
when I woke up . 当我醒来的时候。
wake up 表示醒来。wake的过去式为woke.
　
7. 3a. I didn't have a very fun day.
我这一天过得不是很愉快。
have a fun day . 一天过得愉快。
同学们别忘了写"a"。写成have fun day 就不对了。
Uncle Martin put some of his old things out in the yard and had a yard sale !
这句话意思是说Martin叔叔将他的一些旧东西拿出来摆在院子里进行庭院旧货出售。
have a yard sale 进行旧货出售。
unfortunately. 是个副词表示"不幸地"
fortunately 是表示肯定的意思。"幸运地"
　
Homework
1. sleep － 2. see－
3. are－ 4. stay－
5. stop－ 6. put－
7. read－ 8. rain－
9. take－ 10. buy－
11. eat－ 12. hang－
13. go－ 14. win－
　
将下列句子按要求写出不同的句型。
1. Her friend Grance bought a souvenir. （对划线部分提问）
_______________________________________
2. There were some seals. （改为一般疑问句）
_______________________________________
3. My day off was boring. （对划线部分提问）
_______________________________________
4. What did he win ? （a prize）（用所给词回答问题）
_______________________________________
5. Who did Tina meet ? （a famous actor）（用所给词回答问题）

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