语法讲座之现在完成进行时
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基本概念
1 定义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。
2 现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成
3 现在完成进行时的基本句型
肯定式 疑问式 简略回答
I have been working. Have you been working? Yes, I/we have.
No, I/we haven´t.
He/She/It has been working. Has he/she/it been working? Yes, he/she/it has.
No, he/she/it hasn´t.
We/You/They have been working. Have they been working? Yes, they have.
No, they haven´t.
注： 现在完成进行时基本上没有否定结构
4 现在完成时的语法作用
（1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：I´ve been reading this book for two hours, but I haven´t finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。
I´ve read this book.我已读完这本书了。
（2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。
She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。
（3）动作不包含持续意义的动作，要表示延续到现在的动作，要用现在完成进行时。
They´ve been building a ship.（在进行）他们一直在造一艘船。
（4）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。
We´ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。

重点疑难
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
（1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：
We´ve been living here for ten years.
We´ve lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。
（2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：
The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。
The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。
（3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have, exist, like, hate, hear, know, sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：
They´ve known each other since 1970.自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。

专项练习
单项选择
1.Even though they ___ for twenty years, the two neighbours are not on good terms.
A. have been lived side by side B. had been living side by side
C. have been side by side living D. have been living side by side
2.I haven´t seen Mary these past few days, I´m afraid she ___ herself for some time.
A. hasn´t been feeling B. hadn´t been feeling C. isn´t feeling D. wasn´t feeling
3.She ___ on this essay for twenty minutes but she has written only about a hundred words.
A. will be working B. worked C. has been working D. will have worked
4.---Hi, Tracy, you look tired. ---I´m tired. I ___ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
5.---Hi, Joan, I have seen you for weeks. What ___ recently?
---Carrying on some research on wildlife.
A. have you been doing B. have you done C. were you doing D. did you do
6.You must be tired now since you ___ for five hours.
A. have been worked B. have been working C. worked D. would work

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