英语语法(牛津版)第二十九章 care , like , love , hate , prefer , wish

中学英语教学资源网英语论文语法专题指导 手机版


294 care和like
care主要用于否定式与疑问式中。
A care for+ 名词/动名词与 like+ 名词/ 动名词的含义非常接近。
可以说:
(a) Does/Did Tom care for living in the country?/Does/Did Tom likeliving in the country?
汤姆愿意住在乡下吗?
(b)You don´t care for science fiction,do you?/You don´t like sciencefiction,do you?
你不喜欢科学幻想小说,是吗?
对上面(b)的回答可以是:
I don´t care for it./I don´t like it much./Oh yes, I like it.
我不喜欢它。/我不太喜欢它。/噢!不,我喜欢它。(最后一个回答中不能用care。)
care在疑问式中有时暗示一丝怀疑或犹豫:
Does Ann care for horror movies?
安喜欢看恐怖影片吗?(说话人认为她大概不喜欢,或说话人因为她竟好像喜欢看恐怖电影而感到惊讶。)
如用 would you care(for)…?时,怀疑或犹豫的色彩表现得更明显。
B would care和 would like
would care for+ 名词或would care+ 不定式与would like+ 名词/不定式相似。但是 would care(for)通常不用于肯定的陈述句。用would you care(for)…?表示的建议不如用would you like…?表示的建议那样自信。
(a)Tom:Would you care for a lift,Ann?
汤姆:安,你愿意搭我的车吗?(可能汤姆的车子不太舒服,而她又喜欢舒服。)
(b)Tom:Would you care to see my photos,Ann?
汤姆:安,你想看看我的照片吗?(他不敢肯定她是否愿意看。)
对(b)最好的回答方式是:
I´d like to see them very much.
我很愿意看。
同在肯定句中一样,这里用would like代替 would care。
在否定句中,用法也是相同的:
—I wouldn´t care to live on the 35th floor.
—Oh,I´d rather like it.
—我不在乎住在35层楼上。
—噢,我挺愿意的。
would care for/would like有时可与动名词连用。(参见第 295节B。)
C would have cared(for)和 would have liked
二者在此都指并未发生的动作:
Ann:I´d have liked to go with Tom.
安:我本倒愿意和汤姆一起走。(我想和汤姆一起走,可没能如愿以偿。参见第296节D,这里不能用care。)
Bill:But he walked all the way! You wouldn´t have cared for/have likedthat,would you?/Would you have cared for/have liked that?
比尔:但他是一直走了去的!你总不愿意那样做吧?
D 请不要将care的上述用法与care for和care(about)混淆:
1 care for(=look after照顾)主要用于被动语态:
The old people were cared for by their families.
老年人受家庭照顾。
2 care(about)(=feel concerned关注,在乎)主要用于否定式与疑问式。
I don´t care(about)与 I don´t mind意思相似。因此常可用Idon´t mind代替 I don´t care:
—It will be very expensive.
—I don´t care/mind./I don´t care about/mind the expense./I don´ tcare/mind what it costs.
—这会很贵的。
—我不在乎。/我不乎花多少钱。/我不在乎要花多少钱。
但请注意 I don´t care(about)意指I am indifferent(to)(我满不在乎,漠不关心)而I don´t mind意指 I don´t object(to)(我不反对),如 He/It dosen´t worry/upset/annoy me(他/这不使我发愁/心绪烦乱/烦恼)。
I don´t mind 远远比 I don´t care更有礼貌,而且 I don´t care
常常令人听起来感到妄自尊大和自私。在否定疑问式中两者都可以使用:
Don´t you care/mind what happens to him?
你难道不关心他出什么事吗?
Didn´t you care/mind what happened?
当时出什么事你竟然不关心吗?
但在一般疑问句中这两者有较大的区别:
Do you care?相当于:
Are you concerned?/Do you feel concern?
你关心吗?/你在乎吗?
而Do you mind?常常是Do you object?(你反对吗?)的意思。
(另参见第263节。)
295 care,like,love,hate,prefer
A 用于条件句中时,这些动词之后常常接带to的不定式:
Would you care/like to come with me?
你愿意和我一起去吗?
I´d like to(come)very much./I´d love to(come).
我非常高兴去。
I´d hate to spend Christmas alone.
要我一个人过圣诞节,我会很不高兴的。
这里我们想的是将来的特定的动作。
B 但是,如果没有想到一个特定的动作而是谈及主语的一般喜好,则在 would care for,would like后面接动名词。注意这里的 would care for/would like可由 would enjoy代替:
She would like/would enjoy riding if she could ride better.
她要是骑马能骑得好一点,她会喜欢骑马的。
I wonder if Tom would care for/would enjoy hang-gliding.
我不知道汤姆是否会喜欢三角翼滑翔。
hate和prefer同样可以这样使用,但是比较少见。
C 如果 care for,like (=enjoy),love,hate和prefer用于现在时和过去时,后面一般接动名词:
He doesn´t/didn´t care for dancing.
他不喜欢跳舞。
They love/loved wind-surfing.
他喜欢冲浪运动。
He prefers/preferred walking to cycling.
他喜欢散步,不喜欢骑自行车。
但这里也可以用不定式,而且在美国英语中特别普遍:
They love/loved to run on the sands.
他们喜欢在沙滩上跑步。
D 请注意like也有认为是明智的或正确的的意思。这时like后常常可接不定式:
She likes them to play in the garden.
她愿意让他们在院子里玩。(她认为他们在那里玩是安全的。)
I like to go to the dentist twice a year.
我总爱每年去看两次牙医。(我认为这样是明智的。)
上面一句与 I like going to the dentist比较,后者含有我喜欢去看牙医的意思。同样:I don´t like to go(我不想去)常常意指 I don´t think it right to go(我认为去是不正确的)及Idon´t like going(我不喜欢去)。
注意这两个否定式之间还有一个区别。I don´t like to go常常意指 I don´t go because I don´t think it right(我不去是因为我认为不该去)。I don´t like going常常意指 I go,although I
don´t enjoy it(尽管我不愿意去,我还是去)。同样:I didn´t
like to open the letter(我不想拆信)意为I didn´t open it be-cause I didn´t think it right to do so(我没拆开信,因为我认为不该这么做)。但I didn´t like opening the letter意为 I openedit reluctantly(我不情愿地拆开了信)。
E 在enjoy和dislike之后常常接名词/代词或动名词。
296 would like和 want
A 在下列情况下,这两个词可以互换使用:
1 用于请求或有关请求的问句中(但这里不使用 would not like,参见下面B1):
Customer:I´d like some raspberries,please./I want some raspberries,please.
顾客:请给我拿点儿木莓。
Greengrocer:I´m afraid I haven´t any.Would you like somestrawberries?
蔬菜水果商:对不起,我没有木莓了。您来点草莓怎么样?
Customer:No,I don´t want any strawberries,thanks.
顾客:不,谢谢,我不想要草莓。(这里不能用 wouldn´t like。)
I would like常常要比 I want更有礼貌。
would you like?要比do you want?更有礼貌,也更殷勤。
would you like?可以含有愿意满足别人的希望的意思。do youwant?则不含有这种意思。因此,与顾客或客人打交道时,通常用 would you like?:
Caller:I´d like to/I want to speak to Mr X,please.
打电话者:我想找X先生说话。
Telephonist:Mr X is out.Would you like to speak to Mr Y?
话务员:X先生出去了。您跟Y先生说行吗?
2 如果不是提出请求而只是谈到愿望时,可以随意用would like或want的肯定式、疑问式或否定式。它们的意思没有区别,然而,I want要比I would like显得更自信。 I want通常不用于表示不可实现的愿望:
I would like to live on Mars.
但愿我能住到火星上去。
B would like和want在下列用法中不能互换:
1 表示邀请时用 would you like?结构,而不能用do you want?结构:
Would you like a cup of coffee?
您想喝一杯咖啡吗?
Would you like to come to the theatre?
您想来剧院看戏吗?
do you want?用于此处只表示一种询问,不含有邀请的意思。
2 wouldn´t like和 don´t want是有区别的。
don´t want表示没有某种愿望;wouldn´t like表示不喜欢。因此,wouldn´t like不能用来回答邀请或提议,因为在这种回答中 wouldn´t like的口气将是不礼貌的。在这里常用 don´twant或其他形式来代替 wouldn´t like:
—Would you like some more coffee?
—No,I don´t want any more,thanks./No,thanks.
—您再来点儿咖啡吗?
—不,不要了,谢谢。
C 在过去时中这两种形式的变化不同。在间接引语中want变为 wanted,而would like不起变化:
Tom said,‘I would like/want to see it.´
汤姆说:“我想看看它”。相当于:
Tom said he would like/wanted to see it.
汤姆说他想看看它。
但如果不用间接引语的结构来表示,只能说: Tom wanted tosee it(这里我们不能用would like因为Tom would like to seeit的意思是指现在或将来)。
D would like有两个过去形式:would like+ 不定式的完成式或would like+ 不定式/名词/代词。这些形式只能表示未能实现的愿望:
I´d like to have gone skiing./I´d have liked a day´s skiing.
我本想去滑雪的。(但我未能实现我的愿望。)
297 would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer
would rather和would sooner之间没有区别,但经常听到的是would rather。
A would rather/sooner的主语与后面的动作的主语相同时,would rather/sooner之后常常接不带to的不定式:
Tom would rather read than talk.
汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。
1 would rather/sooner+ 不带to的不定式可用来表示现在的动作,以代替prefer+ 动名词:
Tom prefers reading to talking.
汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。
注意:would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式,而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。
prefer后面也可跟名词,而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形:
He prefers wine to beer.相当于:
He would rather drink wine than beer.
他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
I prefer tennis to golf.相当于:
I´d rather play tennis than golf.
我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。
某些 prefer+ 名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来:He prefers dogs to cats(他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫)和 Hewould rather have dogs than cats(他宁可养狗而不愿养猫)意思并不完全相同。
2 would rather+ 不带 to的不定式不能表示过去的偏爱。所以与 Tom would rather read than talk相当的过去形式为 Tompreferred reading to talking/liked reading better than talking。(参见下面4。)
3 would rather+ 不带to的不定式可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式:
I´d rather fly than go by sea./I´d prefer to fly.
我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。
注意:用would prefer时,只提到你愿意做的这件事,而不提另外一件你不愿做的事,如上所述。因此,如想把愿意和不愿意的两个动作都提到,则要用would rather。
这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样:
—Would you like some gin?
—I´d prefer a coffee./I´d rather have coffee than gin.
—您想喝点杜松子酒吗?
—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡,不想喝杜松子酒。
4 would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式,但后者带to:
We went by sea but I´d rather have gone by air/I´d prefer to have goneby air.
我们是乘船去的,可我本想乘飞机去。(我愿意乘飞机去,可我的愿望未能实现。)
这和 would like+ 不定式的完成式有点相似,would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。(参见第296节D。)
B 如句子的两个主语不相同,可用主语+ would rather/sooner后面跟主语+ 过去时(虚拟语气)结构:
—Shall I give you a cheque?
—I´d rather you paid cash.
—我付给您支票行吗?
—我想您最好付现金。
注意:用would rather+主语+didn´t表示带否定意义的偏爱:
—Would you like him to paint it?
—No,I´d rather he didn´t(paint it).
—您想让他给它上油漆吗?
—不,我希望他不要这么做。
Ann wants to tell Tom,but I´d rather she didn´t(tell him).
安想告诉汤姆,但我不想让她告诉他。
然而,prefer与like相同,后面都跟宾语+ 带to的不定式:
I´d prefer you to pay cash.
我想你最好付现金。
I´d prefer him not to paint it.
我不想让他给它上油漆。
I´d prefer her not to tell Tom.
我不想让她告诉汤姆。
298 表示偏爱的另一些例句
A I like hot weather better than cold.相当于:
I prefer hot weather to cold.
I´d rather/sooner have hot weather than cold.
我喜欢热天,不喜欢冷天。
I like skiing better than skating.相当于:
I prefer skiing to skating.
I´d rather/sooner ski than skate.
我喜欢滑雪胜于滑冰。
B I liked playing in matches better than watching them.相当于:
I preferred playing matches to watching them.
我喜欢参加比赛而不喜欢观看比赛。(这里不能用 would rather/soon-er。)
C —Would you like to start today or would you rather wait/would you pre-fer to wait till tomorrow?
—I´d rather go today(than wait till tomorrow).I´d rather not wait./ I´d prefer to stary today.I´d prefer not to wait.
—你愿意今天动身呢,还是宁愿等到明天?
—我宁愿今天动身(而不愿等到明天)。我不想等了。
I´d rather deliver it by hand than post it.
这东西我宁愿亲手递交也不想邮寄。
He says he´d rather go to prison than pay the fine.
他说他宁愿蹲监狱也不肯交罚款。
I´d rather pay his fine for him than let him go to prison.
我宁愿替他交罚款,也不愿让他蹲监狱。
rather than… would+不带to的不定式可用于较正式的英语中:
Rather than let him go to prison, I would pay his fine myself.
我宁肯自己代他付罚款,也不愿让他蹲监狱。
D prefer与rather的一些例句:
—Do you want Ann to repair it herself?
—I´d prefer her to ring/I´d rather she rang the electrician./I´d rather
she didn´t try to repair it herself.
—您想让安自己来修吗?
—我想还是让她打电话给电工更好。/我不想让她自己修。
They want to camp in my garden but I´d rather they didn´t.I´d ratherthey camped by the river.
他们想要在我的园子里露营,不过我不想让他们在我的园子里露营。
我宁愿他们在河边露营。
He usually has a pub lunch,but she´d prefer him to come home for ameal/she´d rather he came home for lunch.She´d rather he didn´tspend money in pubs.
他一般在小酒馆里吃午饭,但她宁愿他回家吃饭/她宁愿他回家吃午饭。她不愿他把钱花在小酒馆里。
299 wish,want和would like
wish,want和would like都表示愿望。
wish是最正式的说法,关于want和would like参见第 296节。
A wish之后可以直接跟不定式或宾语+ 不定式:
—Why do/did you wish to see the manager?
—I wish/wished to make a complaint.
—为什么你要见经理?
—我要投诉。
The government does not wish Dr Jekyll Hyde to accept a professorship ata foreign university.
政府不想让杰基尔·海德博士接受某一外国大学的教授职务。
在不太正式的话语中可用want或would like:
I would like/want to speak to Ann.
我想跟安说话。
I wanted to speak to Ann.
我想跟安说话。
She doesn´t/didn´t want the children to stay up later.
她不想让孩子们睡觉太迟。(如果在这里用like来代替want,则意为她不赞成孩子们太迟去睡觉。话中表示了不喜欢的意思。)
B want和would like之后可直接跟名词:
I want/would like a single room.
我想要单人房间。
He wanted a single room.
他想要单人房间。
wish的用法较为受限制一些:
可以用wish来表示祝愿某人幸运/成功/圣诞快乐等:
He said,‘Good luck!´
他说:“祝你好运!”相当于:
He wished me luck.
他祝我运气好。
也可在写信时说向某人致以好的/最好的愿望:
With all good wishes,yours Bill
祝你万事如意!你的比尔(写于信的末尾)
Best wishes for the New Year
致以新年的美好祝愿!(写于贺年卡上)
除这一类的祝愿语之外,wish之后一般不接名词作宾语。
wish+for之后可跟名词/代词,但通常含义是主语对自己的愿望得以实现不抱太大的希望。这主要用于感叹句中:
How he wished for a drink!
他多希望能有点东西喝!(大概他能得到点喝的这件事是没有希望的事。)
What he chiefly wished for was a chance to explain.
他主要希望能有一个解释的机会。(好像他不大可能有这个机会。)
300 wish+ 主语+ 虚拟过去时
A wish(that)+ 主语+ 过去时(虚拟语气;参见第290节B)这一结构用于对目前的情况表示遗憾:
I wish I knew his address.
但愿我知道他的地址就好了。相当于:
I´m sorry I don´t know his address.
很遗憾,我不知道他的地址。
I wish you could drive a car.
我真希望你会开车。相当于:
I´m sorry you can´t drive a car.
真可惜你不会开车。
I wish hs was coming with us.
我多希望他能跟我们一起来。相当于:
I´m sorry he isn´t coming with us.
真遗憾他不能跟我们一起来。
wish可用在过去时中而不改变虚拟的意思:
He wished he knew the address.
他多希望他知道那个地址。相当于:
He was sorry he didn´t know the address.
他感到遗憾他不知道那个地址。
在间接引语中,虚拟过去时形式不用变化:
‘I wish I lived nearer my work,´he said.
“但愿我住得离工作地再近点,”他说。相当于:
He said he wished he lived nearer his work.
他说但愿他能住得离工作地再近点。
B wish(that)+ 主语+ 过去完成时(虚拟语气)表示对过去的情况表示遗憾:
I wish(that) I hadn´t spent so much money.
但愿我没花掉这么多钱就好了。相当于:
I´m sorry I spent so much money.
真后悔我花去了这么多钱。
I wish you had written to him.
但愿你给他写过信就好了。相当于:
I´m sorry you didn´t write to him.
真遗憾你没有给他写信。
wished可代替wish而不改变虚拟的意思:
I wished I hadn´t spent so much money.相当于:
I was sorry I had spent so much money.
(译文同上。)
变为间接引语时,这些动词不用变化:
‘I wished I had taken his advice,´she said.
“但愿我当时听了他的劝告就好了,”她说。相当于:
She(said she) wished she had taken his advice.
她(说她)但愿当时听了他的劝告就好了。
C if only的用法与此完全相同。它的意思与 wish相同,只是比wish更生动:
If only we knew where to look for him!
如果我们知道上哪里去找他就好了!
If only she had asked someone´s advice!
假如她早请教别人一下就好了!
301 wish(that)+主语+would
A wish+主语+过去时态可以表示对现在的情况表示遗憾,如上面第300节所示:
I wish that he wrote more regularly.
我多希望他能勤来信。相当于:
I´m sorry he doesn´t write more regularly.
我很遗憾他来信不勤。
B wish+ 主语+ would的意思与上面所说的相似,但是它所表示的动作是从句的主语所能控制的。即:只要某人愿意,这种动作是可以改变的。wish+ would可表示主语现在愿意或不愿意进行某个动作,这常常是一种习惯性动作。
I wish he would write more often.
我多希望他肯常写信来。相当于:
I´m sorry he isn´t willing to write more often.
很遗憾,他不愿意常写信来。
I wish he would wear a coat.
我多希望他肯穿件外衣。相当于:
I´m sorry he refused to wear a coat.
可惜他不想穿外衣。
wish与would不能使用同一个主语,否则句子就会不符合逻辑。
因此不能出现 I wish+ I would这种结构。
C wish+ 主语+would也可表示对目前情况的不满以及希望能有所改变:
I wish he would answer my letter.
但愿他能给我写回信。(我等他的回信已经很久了。)
I wish they would change the menu.
我希望他们的饭菜能变变花样。(我吃香肠吃腻了。)
I wish they would stop making bombs.
我希望他们能停止制造炸弹。
但说话人通常是对发生他所要求的变化不抱有多大希望。上面的第三个例句表示完全没有希望。如同在上面B中一样,wish+主语+ would在这里限于表示有可能事情有所改变。wish和would同样不能使用同一个主语。
如果从句的主语是人,动作应该能受主语控制,句中仍然存在着愿意或不愿意的意思。但有时 wish+主语+would结构中从句的主语不是指人而是指物。这时就不能表示愿意或不愿意:
I wish it would stop raining.
我希望雨停下来。
I wish the sun would come out.
我希望出太阳。
I wish prices would come down.
我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come.
我希望火车会来。
wish+主语+would在这里与would like非常相似。但wouldlike不限于表示事情有可能改变,也不含有对目前情况不满的意思。同时,would like结构也不暗示没有希望:
I would like Jack to study art.
我想让杰克学艺术。(我让他学艺术。/我希望他今后学习艺术。)
I wish Peter would study art.
我多希望彼得肯学习艺术。(彼得大概已拒绝学习艺术。)
D I wish you would也可以用来表示请求。这里不表示说话人已感到对方会拒绝请求,但它暗示对方在某个方面使说话人感到恼火或失望。I wish you would help me常含有你本该已提出帮我的意思。I wish you would stop humming/interrupting/ asking silly questions表示说话人为哼歌曲声/打断/所问的愚蠢的问题而恼火。但是 I wish you would结构可用来表示对别人主动提出的帮助做出的反应,这时不含有不满意的意思:
—Shall I help you check the accounts?
—I wish you would.
—我帮你查对账目好吗?
—我希望你能这样做。(你要能帮我,我会非常高兴。)
E if only+ would在上文B及C中可代替 wish+ would,但不能用来代替D中的请求。
if only比wish更有戏剧性:
If only he would join our party!
他要是肯来参加我们的聚会,那该有多么好!
相关链接:语法专题指导

·语文课件下载
·语文视频下载
·语文试题下载

·语文备课中心




点此察看与本文相关的其它文章』『搜索相关课件


上一篇】【下一篇   【教师投稿】 
本站管理员:尹瑞文 微信:13958889955