Unit 15 What do people eat?
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单元教学目标
1. 本单元围绕“什么国家的人经常吃什么”开展教学活动，介绍不同国家的饮食习惯，学习几十个食物名词。
2. 怎么处理家务，谁常处理家务。
3. 如何招待客人，及餐厅中的就餐程序。
4. 学习总结简单句的五种基本句型。
【重点难点解析】
1. Would you like anything else? 你们还想要别的东西吗?
else adj “别的，其他的，另外”常放在疑问代词，不定代词后面。如：
What else did he say? 他还说了些什么?
Anything else I can do for you? 我还能为你做些别的事吗?
else 作 adv，放在疑问副词后面。如：
Where else did you go? 你还去过别的地方吗?
When else 别的什么时间，其他什么时候。
other “别的，其他的”只放在名词前，修饰名词。

2. Either mum or I cook supper. 不是妈妈做晚饭便就是我作晚饭。
Neither dad nor my brother helps. 爸爸不帮忙，哥哥也不帮忙。
Either A or B, “不是A就是B，要么是A要么是B。”
Neither A nor B. “A不……B也不怎么……；A既不……B也不……”
注意这两个短语中，A和B的结构类别要一致，连接主语时，谓语动词需与邻近的主语相一致 。如：
Neither I nor he knows it. 我和他都不知道这事。
Neither she nor I am right. 她和我都不对。
Either she or I am right. 要么她对，要么我对。
而在 both A and B 中，连接两主语时应看作复数。
Both she and I are right. 她和我都对。

3. 简单句的五种基本句型
如果句子只包含一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)结构，而句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，它就是简单句。

简单句的基本句型先介绍以下几种：
(1)主语+及物动词+宾语(及物动词后必须带宾语)
He is reading an interesting story book.
主语 谓语 宾 语
We have classes every day.
主 语 谓语 宾语 状语

(2)主语+不及物动词(不及物动词后不能带宾语)
Tom is playing.
主语 谓语
They often speak at the meeting.
主语 状语 谓语 状语

(3)主语+连系动词+表语
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
主语 连系动词 表 语
The news is very exciting .
主语 连系动词 表 语

(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。
She gave me a new pen.
主语 谓语间宾 直接宾语
He bought us some bananas.
主语 谓语 间宾 直宾
在这种句型是及物动词都带双宾语，间接宾语在直接宾语前的句子中，如果要先说直接宾语，间接宾语要加介词to、for等。
如：She gave a new pen to me.
He bought some bananas for us.
通常用于这种句型的动词有give， hand, read, show, tell, throw, wish, buy, do, make, ask, leave等

(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
We call the girl Lily. (名词作宾语补足语)
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
He keep the room warm. (形容词作宾语补足语)
The teacher told him not to go. (不定式作宾补)
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补

A. call, name, make 等动词通常用名词作宾语补足语。
They named their son Dick. 他们给儿子起名叫迪克。
We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。

B. keep, get, find, make 等动词常用形容词作宾语补足语。
Please keep the place clean. 请保持这个地方干净。
Don't get your clothes dirty. 不要把衣服弄脏了。
He found the room empty. 他发现房间里空空的。
We want to make our school more beautiful. 我们要让我们学校更美。

C. 不定式作宾语补足语通常用在ask, like, tell, want 等动词之后。
He asked me to come again. 他请我再来。
I like the children to study hard. 我喜欢孩子们努力学习。
She wants her son to get up early. 她要她儿子起身早。

D. 在使役动词let, have, make 和感官动词 see, watch, hear, feel 等后面的宾语补足语的不定式不带to， help 后面的宾语补足语不定式带to 不带 to 都可以。如：
Let me do it. 让我做这件事。
Don't have the students do too much homework. 不要使学生做太多的家庭作业。
Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat. 每天他使一个较小的动物给他带来一些吃的东西。
I saw the boy come in. 我看见那男孩进来了。
We often watch them play basketball. 我经常看见他们打篮球。
Did you hear him open the door? 你听见他开门的吗?
I helped her(to) do some washing. 我帮她洗了些衣服。


核心知识
【常用单词积累】
both, butter, cabbage, chocolate, chopsticks. cupboard, pizza either, even, few, Italian, Italy. madam, neither. nor. oil, salt, pea order, seem. take-away, take a seat. 坐下，就座. neither…or…即不…也不…，kinds of 各种各样的， a few 一些，有一点儿， either…or…，或者…或者… a bit of 少量的，一点，a little, 有一 点，at the table 在桌子旁，hot food 辣食，热饭， hot dogs 热狗， Chinese food 中餐， fast food 快餐. ice cream 冰淇淋 Chinese restaurant 中餐馆 do some cooking 做饭菜, agree with 同意… Chinese tea without anything 中国清茶. take-away food. 可带走的熟食 home cooking 家常饭 in the open air 在野外, apple pies 苹果饼 be famous for. 因……而著名。

【基础知识精讲】
1. —They eat a lot of beef in England. 在英国，人们牛肉吃的多.
—So do we. 我们也是这样.
在英语中，说“甲如何如何，乙也如何如何”，为了避免重复第一句话，第二句话常用so+be(have或其它助动词、情态动词)+主语来表达，并且前后两句的时态、助动词均要求一致，如：
Mary likes Chinese. So does Tom. 玛丽喜欢汉语，汤姆也喜欢。
A fish can swim, and so can I. 鱼能游泳，我也能游泳。
You have a brother, and so have I. 你有一个兄弟，我也有一个。
His mother went shopping, and so did her mother. 他的妈妈去买东西了，她的妈妈也去了。
另外注意本课中People eat a lot of. =People often eat, a lot of= often“经常”

2. few, a few, little, a little
few和little的意思是否定的，表示“很少”或“几乎没有”；而a few和a little的意思是肯定的，表示“有一些、有一点”。few, a few用于修饰可数名词复数。而little, a little 修饰不可数名词。
如：I have little money. 我几乎没钱了。
I have a little money. 我有一点钱。
He has a few friends, but he has few good friends. 他有几个朋友，但是没有什么好朋友。

3. Help yourself to some soup. 随便喝些汤吧。
help yourself“随便吃”常用于招待客人时客套语。说吃喝某东西时，常加介词to。如：
①Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃些鱼吧。
②Help yourself to some tea. 请自己随便用些喝的。

4. take-away作名词“可带走的熟食，快餐食品”。作形容词作“可带走的，外卖的，可带到外面的”如：
take-away food 快餐食品=fast food. 对应词是home cooking food 家常饭。又如：Are Chinese take-away very popular in England? (作名词)
中国快餐在英国很受欢迎吗?

5. fish and chips. 炸鱼和炸土豆条。作为一食品名词chip需加s。而fish and chip修饰名词，作定语时，chip不加s。如：
People usually buy it in a fish and chip shop.
人们通常在炸鱼和土豆条的店里买它。
这里的fish和chip作shop的定语。在英语中一个名词作另一个名词的定语，往往表示类别，不表示所属(故不用’s形式)，名词的修饰词往往用其单数形式，如：
weather report 天气预报
coffee cup 咖啡杯
girl student 女学生
season ticket 季票
paper bag 纸袋
eye care 视力保护
fruit shop 水果店

6. do some cleaning“搞卫生”some可用the代替，即do the cleaning. 类似用法还有：do some cooking “做饭”= cook the food. do some washing=Wash some clothing. do so me shopping=go shopping.
另外注意本单元由do构成的短语：do some housework 干家务. do farm work 做农活。

7. chicken(鸡肉)， pork(猪肉)， beef(牛肉)等作“肉”讲时是不可数名词，chicken 作 “小鸡”讲时，beef作“菜牛”讲时，又是可数名词。
potatoes, peas, tomatoes, carrots, cabbages 等蔬菜名称和 apples, pears, oranges, bananas 等水果名称都是可数名词。potato和tomato需加词尾-es构成复数形式。

8. in the open air “在露天地里，在野(户)外”, in the day time “在白天”, 这两个短语，介词都用in.

9. Come and take a seat. 谁来就坐，take a seat “就座，坐下”=sit down.
take + a + n，表示做一次动作。如：
take a both 洗个澡 take a shower 洗个淋浴
take a look 看一看 take a walk 散一散步
take a rest 休息一会 take a run 跑一阵儿

10. Today we're going to have something English.
今天我们打算吃英国的东西(食品)。
不定代词 something, anything, nothing 等用形容词修饰时，形容词应放在其后，如：
Is there anything wrong with the machine? 机器有什么毛病吗?
I have something interesting to tell you. 我有点有趣的事要告诉你。
I have nothing important to say. 我没有什么重要的话要说。

11. Do you agree with Manju? 你赞同Manju的意见吗?
agree to sth. 同意某事 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见。
agree 后接事件名词，用介词 to， 跟指人的名词或代词用介词 with。
如：I agree to his plan. 我同意他的计划。
we agree with him. 我们同意他的意见。

12. be famous for. 因…而著名


典型例题
【课本难题解答】
1. I think it is much nicer in a .
A. paper's bag B. papers bag C. bag of paper D. paper bag
解析：英语中名词作定语，表示类别，不表示所属，不用’s形式，修饰词用单数，故选D。

2. 在图画上你能看见别的东西吗? (译成英语)
解析；other, else 都有“别的，另外的”之意。但两者使用上有区别。else 放在疑问词或不定代词之后，other 常放在名词前作定语，故上句译为：What else can you see in the picture. What other things can you see in the picture.

3. I have done the work. Is there anything I can do for you?
A. too B. other C. else D. others
选C。

4. I can't understand what you said because I knew English.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
解析：a little, little 修饰不可数名词，little 是否定意义，a little 表肯定意义。 a few, few 修饰可数名词。句中 English 是不可数名词，同时，前面是否定句，由此可知 “不懂英语”，因此选B对。

【阅读分析点拨】
Every morning, Bob goes to work by bus. As he has a 1 way to go, he always buys a newspaper. It helps to make the time 2 more quickly.
One morning, he turned to the sports page. He wanted to read the report on an important 3 match. The report was 4 interesting that he forgot to get off. He knew this when he looked 5 the window and saw the sea. He got off at 6 station and had to wait a long time for a bus back. Of course, he arrived very 7 at the office. His boss was very 8 when he was told 9 Tom was late.
“Work is 10 than football! ”he shouted.
1. A. easy B. good C. short D. long
2. A. to pass B. past C. pass D. passed
3. A. football B. basketball C. volleyball D. tennis
4. A. much B. so C. such D. very
5. A. out of B. into C. out D. inside
6. A. another B. the other C. the next D. other
7. A. late B. early C. fast D. quickly
8. A. happy B. angry C. glad D. exciting
9. A. which B. how C. when D. why
10. A. most important B. very important
C. more important D. importanter

分析：1. 选D。通过上下句知道，他有一长的路程。2. 选C。make后不定式作宾补不要to。3. 选A。由本文最后一句可知是足球赛，要联系上下文。4. 选B。so用在形容词、副词前，构成 “so…that…”句型。5. 选A。look out of“从…向外看”。6. 选C。next 意为“下一个” 。7. 选A。late“迟地”作副词。8. 选B。据文意，老板肯定是发怒。9. 选D。why表示原因、理由。10. 选C。句中有than, 用比较级。

【有关"Unit 15 What do people eat?" 的教学设计】


教学设计1. c2u20 What Do English People Eat? 教案
学习目标：
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ . 语音学习
选择疑问句的语调：选择疑问句，前一部分用升调，后一部分用降调。
Ⅱ . 词汇学习
四会：tonight , real , vegetable , potato , take - away , also , something , English , something , different take - away food
三会：chips , pork , beef , pea , tomato , cabbage , fry , fried , sugar , salt , tea with sugar , home cooking
Ⅲ . 语法学习
学习比较级前的修饰语。掌握多音节形容词的比较级和最高级。
careful — more careful , ( the ) most careful
Ⅳ . 交际英语
1. I have ／ I've no idea .
2. It's my favourite .
3. I'd like ( Chinese tea ) .
4. Could you pass me the salt , please ?
5. — In England , people eat fish and chips .
— Oh , we don't .
— In the U . S . A . , people eat a lot of beef .
— So do we .


教案内容：
内容1：教学重点与难点
内容2：语法发散思维
内容3：同步练习
　

教学设计2. 初二英语 Lesson 77 （Unit: What do English people eat？）
前言
教具
录音机；教学图片(对应本课生词)。

学习目标：
1．词汇(略)。
2．句型：
You must help me do the cooking this afternoon．
3．日常交际用语：谈论饮食。



教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
　

教学设计3. 初二英语 Lesson 78 （Unit: What do English people eat？）
前言
教具
录音机；上节课用过的图片等。

学习目标：
1．词汇(略)。
2．句型：
1)What kind of meat is more popular in China，pork or beef？
2)Which is themost popular，rice，bread or noodles？
3．语法：学习多音节形容词比较等级的构成和用法。
4．日常交际用语：谈论饮食。



教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
　

教学设计4. 初二英语 Lesson 79 （Unit: What do English people eat？）
前言
教具
录音机；图片(同前)。

学习目标：
1．词汇(略)。
2．语法：继续学习多音节形容词比较等级的用法。
3．日常交际用语：
[表示同意与不同意]
—In England，people eat a lot of beef．
—So do we．／Oh，we don’t．
[谈论饮食。]



教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
　

教学设计5. 初二英语 Lesson 80 （Unit: What do English people eat？）
前言
教具
录音机。

学习目标：
小结本单元所出现的语法、日常交际用语项目。



教案内容：
内容1：教学过程
　

教学设计6. Unit 20 What do English people eat?
学习目标：
通过本单元教学，使学生初步掌握以下内容：
1．学习并初步掌握表示喜好与厌恶的用语。口头表达基本流畅，书面表达正确，并能就这个话题询问他人。
2．学习并初步掌握多音节形容词比较等级的构成和用法。能独立完成练习册有关这部分内容的各种形式的练习，正确率不低于70％。
3．学会本单元列出的表示同意与不同意的用语，并能运用到交际中。
4．学习并初步掌握有关饮食方面的一些词汇，运用所学句型，简单谈论有关饮食方面的话题。
教师要继续培养学生阅读理解能力，继续训练学生用简单英语复述课文的能力

教案内容：
内容1：重点难点
内容2：教学过程
　

教学设计7. What do English people eat ?英国人吃什么 ?
学习目标：
Ⅰ. Words and expressions
tonight 今晚 real 真的 chips炸土豆条（片）
pork 猪肉 beef 牛肉 potato 马铃薯，土豆
pea 豌豆 tomato西红柿，番茄 carrot 胡萝卜
cabbage 卷心菜，洋白菜 take-away （可带走的）熟食
fry 油煎 fried 油煎的 sugar 糖
salt 盐
Ⅱ. Phrases and sentences
1. do the cooking 做饭 2. English food 美国食品 3. What about chicken 要点鸡肉怎么样 ？ 4. give sb. sth different to eat 给……吃不同的食品 5. some real English food 一些真的美国食品 6. good idea 好主意 7. in England 在英国 8. the most popular food 最受欢迎的食品 9. cook this food 做这种食品 10. take … home 拿回家 11. fried chicken 炸鸡肉 12. a fish and chip shop 一家专门经验鱼肉和炸土豆条的商店 13. In English , people eat a lot of beef . 在美国人们吃很多牛肉。 So do I . 我也吃。 14. I’d like Chinese tea with nothing in it , please . 我喜欢喝清茶，什么也不加。 15. home cooking 家常做法 16. in the open air在露天
Ⅲ . Everyday English
1. A. Would you like a cup of tea ?
B. Yes , please !
2. Which kind of meat is more popular in China , pork or beef ?
3. Which is the most popular , rice , bread or noodles ?
4. It must be more delicious !
※ must 在此表示推测，具有较大的可能性。如：This must be Lucy’s .
Ⅳ. Grammar
Making comparison 做比较
The Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adjectives 形容词的比较级和最高级
大多数形容词有三个等级：1）原级 = 原形 2）比较级表示“较……；更……”。 3）最高级表示“最……”的意思。
1、 形容词比较级和最高级的构成
（1） 规则变化
a.单音节词和少数双音节词的构成方法是：一般在词尾加-er , 读[ ? ]，或者加 –est读 [ ist ]。如：
原级 比较级 最高级
tall taller tallest
long longer longest
clever cleverer cleverest
b. 以字母 e 结尾的形容词加 –r 或者 –st
fine → finer →finest nice→nicer→nicest
c. 重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母，再加-er 或 –est
fat → fatter → fattest thin → thinner → thinnest
big → bigger → biggest wet →wetter → wettest
hot → hotter → hottest red →redder → reddest …
d. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的双音节词先改 y 为 i ，再加 –er 或- est
heavy → heavier → heaviest easy → easier → easiest
happy → happier → happiest early → earlier →earliest
B. 多音节词和部分双音节词的构成方法是在其前加 more 或 most
popular → more popular → most popular
careful → more careful → most careful
beautiful →more beautiful → most beautiful
delicious →more delicious →most delicious
(2) 不规则变化
good , well → better → best bad , ill → worse → worst
many , much → more → most little → less → lest
far → farther , further → farthest , furthest
2. 形容词比较级和最高级的用法
1） 比较级的用法是表示两者（人或者物）的比较
句型结构为：sb + be + 形容词的比较级 + than + 其它
Mike is taller than Tom .
Kate has more books than Jim .
Dumpings are more delicious than noodles .
—Which is faster , a car or a bile ?
— A car is faster than a bike .
2) 最高级的用法是表示三者或者三者以上人或者物的比较，其中有一个在某以方面超过其它几个。最高级的前面一般要加定冠词 the ， 后面可带 of , in 短语来说明比较的范围。其句型结构为：
sb + be + the + 形容词最高级 + of all …
sb + be + the + 形容词最高级 + in China …
Li Ming is the youngest (student) in his class .
Winter is the coldest season of the year .
This dress is the most beautiful of the three .
—Which do you like best , pork , beef or chicken ?
— I like chicken best of all .
Exercises :
Ⅰ. 找出划线部分读音不同的选项。
1. A. wait B. train C. hair D. again
2. A. present B. twelfth C. before D. west
3. A. above B. radio C. photo D. ago
4. A. fall B. tall C. walk D. salt
5. A. below B. blow C. down D. window
6. A. pea B. real C. easy D. season
7. A. work B. pork C. word D. world
8. A. happy B. candle C. cabbage D. lake
9. A. south B. sugar C. chips D. so
10. A. message B. cabbage C. go D. ago
Ⅱ. 词汇
A. 根据要求写出相应的词
1. well (最高级) 2. delicious （比较级） 3. tomato （复数） 4. five （序数词） 5. pair （同音词） 6. free （反义词） 7. without （反义词） 8. good （比较级） 9. know （过去式） 10. much （比较级）
B. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
11. It’s (cloud) today , isn’t it ?
12. Will you go (fish) with us ?
13. He doesn’t like red very much , but he likes blue (well ) .
14. My father enjoys (watch) TV very much .
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. Of all the pictures this one is .
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. beautifuller D. the most beautiful
2. Beef is delicious than pork .
A. many more B. much more C. very much D. more more
3. There are students in this class than in that one .
A. many more B. much more C. a lot of D. very more
4. Lily asked you to give her tonight .
A. ring B. the ring C. a ring D. ringing
5. I think it is much nicer in a .
A. paper’s bag B. paper bag C. bag of paper D. paper bag
6. — I don’t like chicken fish .
— I don’t like chicken , I like fish very much .
A. and ; and B. and ; but C. or ; and D. or ; but
7. from Beijing to Paris !
A. How long way it is B. What a long way it is
C. How long way is it D. What long way it is
8. Which is country , America or Australia ?
A. a big B. bigger C. a bigger D. the bigger
9. Which do you like better , or ?
A. beef ; potatoes B. beef ; potatos C. beefs ; potatoes D. beefs ; potatos
Ⅳ. 句型转换，每空填一个词。
1. Chen Hui likes English food . (改为否定句)
Chen Hui English food .
2. We shall have pork and fish this evening . (改为一般疑问句)
Have pork and fish this evening .
3. My sister likes bananas best . (就划线部分提问)
Your sister best ?
4. They usually cook this kind of food at home . (就划线部分提)
they usually this kind of food ?
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Different countries have different food . If you go to (1) , you may find (2) fish and chip shops along the (3) Fish and chips is the (4) popular take-away food in England . People often (50 this kind of food at shops , (6) sometimes they put the food (7) paper bags and take it (8) or to their work places .
Chinese take-away food is also (9) in England , Australia and the USA , but the most popular take-away food in USA (10) fried chickens . It’s very delicious !
1. A. Australia B. China C. England D. the USA
2. A. few B. no C. much D. many
3. A. around B. street C. ways D. rivers
4. A. very B. most C. quite D. more
5. A. have B. sell C. put D. take
6. A. far B. so C. but D. too
7. A. on B. away C. into D. out of
8. A. home B. office C. house D. school
9. A. different B. cheap C. delicious D. popular
10. A. was B. were C. is D. are
　
答案：
Ⅰ. 1—5 CCADC 6—10 BBDBC Ⅱ. 1. best 2. more delicious 3. tomatoes 4. fifth 5. pear 6. busy 7. with 8. better 9. know 10. more 11. cloudy 12. fishing 13. best 14. watching 15. driver Ⅲ. 1—5 DBCBA 6—9 DBDA Ⅳ. 1. doesn’t like 2. Shall we 3. What does , like 4. Where do , cook Ⅴ. 1. help , do 2. delicious , eat 3. real ; food 4. boating , no 5. going to Ⅵ. 1—5 CDBBA 6—10 CCADC



【关于“Unit 15 What do people eat?”的常见问题】

常见问题1: Unit 15 What do people eat?
问题：

1. Neither of them at school
A. am B. is C. are D. be


解答:

解析：neither 作主语，表示“两者中任何一个也不”，谓语要用单数，故选B。

常见问题2: Unit 15 What do people eat?
问题：

我认为这样不对。
A. I think this is not right B. I don't think this is right

解答:

解析：英语中I think 带有宾语从句时，否定句要发生否定转移，否定词加在主句的谓语部分，译成汉语时，“不”字译在宾语从句部分。故选B对。

常见问题3: Unit 15 What do people eat?
问题：

用适当的词形填空。
1. Guangzhou will be (rain). The temperature will be 10 to 20.
2. There will be a strong (windy)to the north of the Huai River.
3. It will be (sun) tomorrow.
4. The snow (stop)an hour ago.
5. She often helps me (do) my homework.
6. Why not (clean) the room?
7. The boy ate his breakfast . (quick)
8. Lesson is the lesson in the book. (eight)

解答:

1. rainy 2. wind 3. sunny 4. stopped 5. (to)do 6. clean 7. quick, quickly 8. eight, eighth

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