Unit 18 Seeing the doctor
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单元教学目标

1. 本单元主要围绕询问身体状况，述说身体状况，评论身体状况开展语言交际学习。学习时一定要熟记并能正确运用这些语句。
2. 学习情态动词have to的用法
3. 学习系动词及其用法
【重点难点解析】

本单元语法重点是have to和连系动词的用法。
1. have to 和must的区别
(1)have to 和must 都表示必须。have to 强调客观需要，所以又有“不得不”的意思。must表示说话人的主观的看法。have to 随人称、时态的变化而变化，而must则没有时态、人称的变化。
I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。(表示本人自己决心努力学习，而不是被迫的)
He has to study hard to pass the exam. 为了通过考试，他得努力学习。(客观上为了考试及格)
(2)否定形式mustn't 和don't have to意思是不一样的，不能互换。mustn't 表示禁止、不许；don't have to 表示不必，相当于needn't。例如：
You mustn't tell your mother. 不许你告诉你妈妈。
You don't have to tell your mother. 你不必告诉你妈妈。
(3)对must的一般疑问句进行否定回答时，用don't have to. 而不用mustn't.
Must I hand in the book now?
No, you don't have to. (或No, you needn't)

2. 连系动词，简称系动词，本身有词义，但必须与名词、形容词、副词和介词短语等表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有be，look看上去，turn, get, become, seem, keep等。
如：We are students. 我们是学生。
系动词 表语 谓 语
They all look fine. 他们看起来都很好。
本单元“系动词+表语”构成的语有：
feel well 感到舒服 feel tired 感到疲倦 be sick/ill 生病 be in bed 卧在床上 be in hospital 在住院 be tired 劳累 fall asleep 入睡 be awake 醒着 be fast asleep 睡 熟 seem angry 似乎生气了 smell sweet 发出香甜味 taste尝着味道很美 feel weak 感到虚弱无力 become a doctor 成为一个医生 look like her sister 看着像她的姐姐
【命题趋势分析】
诊断医生与病人间的对话是常见题之一。应读熟课文掌握常用词及句子，这类题做起来就较容易，要在读背理解上下功夫。试完成下列对话。
补全对话
A: Good morning. what's wrong with you, Madam?
B: I'm not 1 well. I can hardly(几乎不)do any work, doctor.
A: Have you taken your 2 ?
B: Yes, I have. But it 3 to be all right.
A: Do you sleep very well?
B: Yes. I sleep very well. But I often feel tired.
A: How long have you been 4 this?
B: Over half a year.
A: What do you often eat for your 5 ?
B: For breakfast I have 5 pieces of bread and 3 cups of milk. For lunch and supper, I often have meat, rice, bread and so on.
A: I see. There's nothing 6 wrong with you, but I'm afraid you have a problem.
B: I don't understand! What problem is it?
A: The problem is that you eat too much food, but you don't take 7 exercise.
B: Oh dear! You mean I'm too fat. What do I have to do if I want to be 8 .
A: To eat less food and take more exercise. That is to say, everyday you can have one apple, one egg, one piece of dry bread and a glass of milk.
B: Thank you, doctor. No problem. Tell me, do I 9 to take them before or after dinners?
A: No, you don't understand. Not before or after dinner—— 10 of them.
解答：此对话是有关看病内容的。1. feeling 2. temperature(take one's temperature词组) 3. seems 4. like 5. meals(因为答语中谈到三餐饭食) 6. much 7. enough/more 8. thinner(因为上句提到too fat) 9. have(have to不得不) 10. instead
分析：此题考查学生的语言交际能力。解题的关键要掌握看病、询问身体状况及劝告等交际用语，并且要理解语境，根据上下文去完成对话。学生易错的是第5空和第10空，没有理解好对话语境而误填breakfast和neither。


核心知识
【常用单词积累】
angry, asleep, awake, become, cough, difficult, dream, enough, fat, hard, headache, instead, pain, pill, plant, relax, rich, serious, smell, storm, terrible, thin, trouble, wake, worst
feel well 感到舒服 have a headache=have a pain in one's head 患头痛 have a cough 得了咳嗽 take one's temperature 量体温 nothing serious 问题不严重 take the medicine 服药 have a good rest 好好休息 wake up 醒来 be good for 对…有益处 fall asleep 入睡、睡觉 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 all right 整夜 stop…from… 阻止…做 … be awake 醒着的 go to sleep 睡觉 play some light music 弹奏一些轻音乐 be asleep 睡着 in the school band 在学校乐队里 again and again 再三地，反复地 every five minutes 每隔五分钟 look over 检查 take exercise 做运动 instead of 代替 three times a day 每日三次 the sleeping pills 安眠药

【基础知识精讲】

1. Mum, I don't feel very well. 妈妈，我觉得不舒服。表示身体状况的用语
(1)表示“身体很好”可以说：fell well/fine/all right“感到身体很好”
(2)表示“感到身体不舒服”可以说：
don't feel/well/fine/all right或者feel ill/sick 感到生病了 feel bad/terrible 感 到身体不适，感到身体不好 fell even worse 感到身体更不好

询问“某人哪不舒服”“某人怎么了? ”可以说：
What's the matter(with sb)?
What's the trouble(with sb)?
What's wrong(with sb)?
What's your trouble?
What has happened to you?
(Is there) Anything wrong with you?

评论某人的身体情况时一般说：
There's something wrong with him.
Something must be wrong with him.
There's nothing serious with him.
He has fallen ill and is in bed/hospital now.
He has been ill for quite a few days.
He has been in bed/hospital for a week.
He is a little/much better now.
He is even worse than before.
He is getting well/better.
He is felling well/better now.

询问某人的身体情况时可以说：
How are you feeling now?
Are you better?
How are you (now)?
How's your mother?
Is she any better now?
How long have you been like this?
How long has she been in bed/in hospital?

2. I have a headache and cough. 我患了头病，咳嗽。
have a cough. 患了咳嗽 have a cold. 患了感冒
have a headache/toothache/stomachache 患头病/牙病/腹疼

3. This morning I had a pain in my head.
今天早上我头部疼。
have a pain/pains in+身体部位 “某处痛”
如：have a pain in one's head = have a headache=one's head hurts.
He has a pain in his head=He has a headache=His head hurts. 他头痛。

4. She didn't feel like eating anything. 她不想吃任何东西。
feel like 和 would like
feel like 和 would like 所表示的意思很接近，表示“想要”，但前者接动词-ing形式，而后者接不定式，这是like的词性所决定的。feel like中feel是动词，like是介词，因此后面接名词或动词-ing形式，would like中would是情态动词。like是实意动词，后面接不定式。例如：
(1)He felt like going out for a walk. =He'd like to go out for a walk. 他想出门散散步。
(2)I feel like taking a good rest. =I'd like to take a good rest. 我想好好休息一下。
(3)She feels like a good meal. =She'd like to have a good meal. 她想美美地吃一顿。
(4)Do you feel like a swim? =Would you like to have a swim? 你想游泳吗?

5. Let me take your temperature. 让我给你量量体温。
看病时，常用语：take one's temperature. 量体温。take the medicine 服药。 three times a day 一日三次。 The temperature is all right. 体温正常 have a good rest 好好休息look over 检查(身体)

6. Then try to relax before you go to sleep. 那么入睡前尽量放松。
be asleep = fall asleep “睡着，入睡”表示状态
go to sleep “入睡，睡着”指由醒到睡着的过程
go to bed “去睡，就寝，上床睡觉”指入睡前的动作
be fast asleep 熟睡

7. We had to work for hours to stop the ship from going down.
我们不得不工作几个小时来阻止船下沉。
stop sb. /sth. from doing sth. 是“阻止……不做某事”的意思。介词from可以省略。例如：
(1)We must stop him (from) doing such a foolish thing.
我们必须阻止他不让他做这样的蠢事。
(2)The heavy rain stopped us (from) starting out.
大雨使我们不能动身。
(3)What can stop me (from) going if I want to go?
如果我要去，有什么能阻止我去呢?
(4)They tried to stop such a thing(from) happening.
他们想阻止这样的事情发生。
与stop sb. /sth. from doing sth. 这个结构相似的还有keep sb. from doing sth. 其中from不可省。

8. Do you have to stop eating chocolate?
你必须停止吃巧克力吗?
stop to do 和stop doing
stop to do 的意思是“停下来做某事”，不定式作状语，表示stop的目的，即做另一件事。stop doing的意思是“停止做某事”，动词的-ing形式是stop的宾语，即停止正在做的事情。试比较：
(1)They stopped to talk to me. 他们停下来和我讲话。
(2)They stopped talking to me. 他们中断了与我交谈。
(3)Stop running about! 不要乱跑!
(4)Let's stop to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下吧。
句(1)表示停下来的目的是为了与我交谈。句(2)表示停止与我讲话这个动作。句(3)是停止奔跑这个动词。句(4)表示停下来的目的为了休息一下。

9. I was busy planting trees all night long. 我整夜长久的忙于植树。
sth doing
be busy doing sth=be busy with 忙于做某事
sth
如：She is busy reading her book. =She is busy with her book. 她忙于读书。
all night 整夜 all day 整日 all day and all night 整日整夜

10. He wanted to be a great singer, but he became a doctor instead.
他想当一名伟大的歌唱家，但是却成了一名医生。
Not before or after meals ——instead of them!
不是在饭前饭后，而是用来代替三餐。
instead 和 instead of都有“代替、替代”之意。但用法不同
instead是副词，常置句末，instead of是短语介词，除了“代替”之意外，还可译为“而不是”，后接名词、代词、动名词。如：
This summer I won't go to Qingdao. I'll go to Dalian instead.
今年夏天我将去大连而不是青岛。
用instead of, 此句为：This summer I will go to Dalian instead of Qingdao. If Mary does not feel well, take me instead. =You can take me instead of Mary if she doesn't feel well. 如果玛丽身体不好，就带我去吧。
从上面两句可以看出：含instead的句子，句中的动作行为是被“采取”的即要去做的事情。含instead of 时，instead of后面的动作行为是被“舍抛”的，即不去做的事。

11. You don't take enough exercise. 你做的运动不够。
take exercise “做运动”可作形容词、副词、名词
(1)作形容词，修饰名词时，可放在名词前或后面，常放在名词前面。如：
Please take enough exercise! 请多作运动!
I have enough time to do the work.
我有足够的时间做那件工作。
(2)作副词。要放在被修饰的副词和形容词后面。如：
The child isn't old enough to go to school.
这孩子岁数不够不能上学。
Wei Hua is tall enough to pick the apple.
魏华个子够高了，能摘到那个苹果
I know well enough what you mean. 我很懂你的意思。
(3)作名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
I have enough to do. 我有足够的事情干。
Enough has been said on this. 关于这个事说得够多了。

12. You mean I'm too fat? That is a problem.
你的意思是我太胖了? 那会成为一种麻烦。
problem和question的区别
都有“问题”的意思，但所含意义有别。
problem一般与“困难”有关，指有待解决和决定的问题。
(1)Mrs. Brown's greatest problem is how to lose weight. 布朗先生最大的困难是如何减轻体重。
(2)We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow. 我们明天讨论这个问题。
question一般与“疑问”有关，这种问题有待回答。
(3)Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题?
(4)This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难以回答的问题。

典型例题
【课本难题解答】
1. 据句意和首字母提示，填上适当的词
(1)Her head hurts and she has to take some m .
解析：此题考查学生拼写单词。本题关键要考虑整句意思。此句是“她头痛而不得不喝药”。故应填medicine。
(2)The doctors and n work in the hospital.
解析：本句所表达的意思是“医生和护士，在医院工作”根据doctors和首字母n，应想到只有医生和护士主要在医院工作。并与主语doctors 在数上要一致。故应想到填nurse。

2. 译：我觉得身体不舒服。
错译：I don't feel very good.
解析：错在认为feel 是系动词，其后应用形容词good，不知道good与well有别。well常作副词用，只在表示身体好时，才作形容词用。本句是指身体。故应译为：I don't feel very well.

【阅读分析点拨】
读懂短文并选择。
Tom was a little boy. He 1 four years old. One day, his mother 2 him to see his grandmother. His grand-mother's home was very far 3 them. So they went there 4 . There 5 only a few people on the bus. They all sat on 6 seats. Tom was very happy. He looked 7 the window and talked with his mother. After a while, Tom started running on the bus. He ran and ran, “ 8 are you always running? Please sit 9 . ”His mother said. “I want to see my grandmother 10 , I want the bus to move faster, ”Tom answered.
1. A. has B. is C. was D. were
2. A. takes B. took C. talked D. brought
3. A. from B. off C. to D. with
4. A. on a bus B. with a bus C. by a bus D. by bus
5. A. was B. were C. is D. had
6. A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
7. A. out of B. out C. from D. at
8. A. What B. How C. Which D. Why
9. A. in B. near C. down D. up
10. A. faster B. later C. earlier D. early
分析：1. C。由A、B时态不对，D用于主语为复数名词和代词时。
2. B。“带某人去干某事”常用“take sb. to do sth. ”这一结构。
3. A。表“远离”用“far from…”。
4. D。因by bus意为“乘公共汽车”，作方式状语；类似的例子还有by plane; by ship; by car等。
5. B。此句a few people为主语，故用系动词were。
6. C。主语是they，此句意为“他们都坐在座位上。”their作定语修饰seats。
7. A。“look out of the window”意为“从窗口往外看”，是一个固定词组。
8. D。此句是在询问原因，用Why最合适。
9. C。sit down为惯用词组，意为“请坐”。
10. C。引号中有两个句子，第二个句子最后一个单词用了比较级faster，前一句末尾最好也用比较级，使两句话相互照应。全句意为：“我想早一点儿见到奶奶，我想让车跑快一点儿。”

【关于“Unit 18 Seeing the doctor”的常见问题】

常见问题1: Unit 18 Seeing the doctor
问题：

给下列短语选择一个正确的英译答案
1. 准备上学
A. get ready to school B. get ready for school
2. 感觉好一点
A. feel better B. feel a little better
3. 看医生
A. see the doctor B. see a doctor
4. 呆在家里
A. stay at home B. stay at house
5. 生病
A. have ill B. be ill
6. 吃的多
A. eat many B. eat too much
7. 感到疲乏
A. feel tired B. have tired
8. 照看
A. look after B. look care
9. 顺便
A. by a way B. by the way
10. 在乡下
A. in a country B. in the country

解答:

1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B

常见问题2: Unit 18 Seeing the doctor
问题：

Everyone knows something about the sun, the moon and the earth(地球). The moon is big, and the earth is bigger than the moon. The sun is the biggest of all. It is very hot(热). It gives us day and night. Only some people know this fact(事实) . The sun is a star(恒星). And there are a lot of stars in the sky. Some are bigger than the sun and some are smaller than it. The sun is yellow. Many stars are yellow, too. But some stars are red. Some are orange. Some are white. Others are blue.
根据以上短文判断，对的写“T”，错的写“F”。
1. The moon is smaller than the sun.
2. The sun gives us day and the moon gives us night.
3. In fact(事实上), the sun is white.
4. The sun is the hottest of all the stars.

解答:

1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F

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