Make our world more beautiful!
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1.词汇
pour, waste, dirty, member, join, environment, rubbish, whenever, produce, wherever, neighbourhood, litter, public, spit, cut, tidy, collect, recycle, contribution, suppose, spy, nearby
2.词组
find out, pour waster water, a story about, be afraid of, over two years, take care of
3.语法 现在完成时的用法
4.句型 She has learnt English for two years since she came to this school.


核心知识
pour, waste, dirty, member, join, environment, rubbish, whenever, produce, wherever, neighbourhood, litter, public, spit, cut, tidy, dustbin, collect, recycle, contribution, suppose, spy, nearby.
find out“发现、查出”； pour waste water“倾倒排放废水；a story about…“关于…的经过/故事”；be afraid of“害怕…”；for+一段时间，“多长时间”(用于完成时态)； since+时间/从句，“从…起”(用于完成时态)；over two years “两年多”；more than 5 years“五年多”； a book on“关于…(内容)的书”； harm／improve the environment危害/改善环境;pick up“拣/拣起”；a truck collecting rubbish“垃圾清运车”；as soon as“—…就…”；keep our city clean“使我们的城市保持清洁”；take care of“照顾／保护(好)…”；on public walls“在公共场所的墙上”； in a public place“在公共场所”； throw… into／onto“把…扔到…里面/上面； make a contribution to “为…作贡献”；have／has been to“曾经去过某地”；have /has gone to“已经去了某地”； make sure“确定，确保.”

1.Where have you been，Hu Nan？ I’ve been to a paper factory.
have been in／at“在哪里”指状态
have been to“到…去过”，“曾经去过…”‘指动作.
如：①She has been to Beijing. She went last year.
她去过北京，她去年去过
②Have they been to the Great Wall？他们去过长城吗？
Yes，they have是的，他们去过，
③Has he been at school？他在学校吗？
Yes， he has.是的，他在.
④Has he been in Wu Han。？他在武汉吗？
Yes， he has.是的，他在.
2.I found out that the factory was pouring waste water into the river near it.
1)find out发现，找出，查明，查找出(真相等)
如：2)Please find out when the ship sails for Shanghai.
请打听一下那艘船什么时候开往上海.
3)The factory was pouring waste water into the river near it.
这家工厂正把废水往附近的河里排放.是一个宾语从句，作 found out的宾语.
4)pour waste water into…把废水排(入)到…里
如：She poured the milk in the glass into a bottle.
她把杯子里的牛奶倒进了一个瓶子里.
Pour the salt out of the bug into a pot， please.
请把盐从袋子里倒入到罐内.
pour倾泻，倾吐
如：Her tears poured down from her eyes.
泪水从她的眼中流下来(夺眶而出).
She poured herself out to her sister.
她向她姐姐倾吐了自己的情感.
3.We can write a story about it to the TV station and the newspaper.
1)it 指前面谈到的 the factory was pouring waste water into the river near it(it指“工厂”)这件事.
2)a story about…关于…的故事／情况/真相
如：write a story about a spirit. 向…写出这事的真相
He told us a story about a spirit.他给我们讲了一个妖怪的故事.
4.Businessmen are afraid of…
1)be afraid(of)害怕(…)
如：The boy is afraid of guests.那男孩怕客人.
Girls are afraid of dogs，女孩子怕狗.
2)I’m afraid恐怕
如：I’m afraid(that) I’ll be late.我恐怕要迟到了.
I’m afraid not(Afraid not).恐怕不是这样吧！
5.What have you done since you joined Greener China？
1) Since+时间或从句“从…起”“自从…”
如：She has lived here since she came here，
自从她来这里她就一直住这儿.
We have planted one hundred trees since nine o’clock.
从九点走(到现在)我们已栽了一百棵树.
6. I’ve written a book on the environment.
a book on…关于…方面的书(用on表示有“知识性”的内容)
如：I have got a book on the radio.我买了一本有关无线电的书.
a book on physics有关物理学方面的书.
7.What do you think we should do to improve our environment？
1)这是一个由宾语从句引导词(what)前置而构成的特殊疑问句，也可说：
Do you think what we should do to improve our environment？
2)improve／harm the environment改善/危害环境
如：We must try to improve ourselves in English.
我们必须努力提高我们的英语水平.
We should improve our studying methods.我们应改学习方法.
3)harm v.& n.危害、损害、伤害
Where is no harm in trying.试一试也无妨
Where’s the harm in trying？试试又何妨？
8.Suddenly a piece of beautiful music come to my ears.
1)a piece of beautiful一首美妙的音乐.
如：a piece of一张／首／片/块…
a piece of paper一张纸
a piece of bread一片面包
a piece of ice一块冰
2)came to my ears传入我的耳朵
come vi.达(到)，伸展(到)
如：The road comes to the gate of my home.
这条路一直到我家门口.
come常与某些词一起构成词组
come along come across
come and go come back
come home come in
come off come into
come on come out(of)
come over come up(to)
9. AS soon as other people hear it, …
1)as soon as…就…尽快
当主句时态为一般将来时或一般现在时的时候，时间状语从句只能用一般现在时.
如：Give the book to me as soon as you finish reading it.
你一看完就把书给我。
He will come to see you as soon as he comes here.
他一来这儿就来看你.
Please come as soon as possible.你尽快来.
2)hear it 听到它(音乐)
it指前面说到的a piece of beautiful music
1O.It’s a pleasant way to help keep our city clean.
1)pleasant令人愉快的.
如：It’s pleasant weather.令人愉快的天气.
What a pleasant weather！多么令人愉快的天气啊！
2)keep our city clean使我们的城市保持清洁.
是一个省略to的不定式.clean是city的补语
keep+宾语+宾补
如：The students must keep their eyes closed.
学生必须闭上眼睛.
The students before the class must keep their hands behind them.
前面的学生必须把手放在身后.
11.Have you ever spat in a public place？
l)ever“永远、老是”，用于疑问句有“在任何时候”“曾经”之意
如：Have you ever been to Beijing？你曾到过北京吗？
We’ll ever remember the exciting time/moment.
我们会永远记住那个激动人心的时刻.
2)in a public place在公共场所.
如：a public officer 公务员
a public holiday 公定假日
public health 公共卫生
a public telephone 公用电话
a public library 公共图书馆
12.If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment,…
make a contribution to“为…作贡献”，后接名词，代词或名词性短语.
如：We should make greater contributions to our county.
我们应为祖国作出更大的贡献
13.The more trees the better.
the more …the better越…越好
the more…the worse越…越糟
如：The more you learn, the more you want(to learn).
你学得越多你就越想学.
The more you do， the worse you were.
你干得越多越糟.
14.Don’t forget to tell me the time.
forget to do sth.忘记(去)做什么(事情还没做)
forget doing sth. 忘记已做了什么(事情已做了)
如：I bought a pen, but I forgot to pay.
我买了一支钢笔，可我忘了付钱.(钱还没给)
I forgot closing the door, so I did again.
我忘记门已关了，因此我又去关门
15.When you throw rubbish at home， make sure that all of the rubbish goes into the dustbin.
l)make sure查明，弄确实／清楚，确信，肯定，确保.
如: Can you make sure she is sure to come today.
你能肯定她今天一定来，
I make sure(that) the girl in red is Lucy.
我确信那个穿红衣服的女孩就是露茜
2)be sure确信，确定
be sure of+名词/代词表示“对……很有把握”； be sure+不定式表示“肯定、一定”； be sure +that从句，表示“相信”，’确信”.
I’m sure she will come.我肯定她会来.
It’s sure to rain.一定会下雨.
I’m sure of this exam.我对这次考试有把握


典型例题
1.have been to a place与 have gone to a place
解析 1)have been to a place“曾经到过某地”表示所谈到的人“已经回来(回到原来的地方)”
如：I have been to Shanghai(before)我(以前)曾经到过上海
She has been to Shanghai twice.她到(去)过上海两次.
这一表达形式只着重说明有没有做过这件事，不管你做事的过程和时间.
2)have gone to a place“去了某地”，表示所谈到的人“去了某地”，但还没有回来，致于现在在哪里也不管，反正是去了某地而不在这儿
如：Where is Li Lei？李雷呢？
He has gone to the library.他去图书馆了.(现在是在图书馆还是在回来的路上都不管他，反正还没回来，不在这里.)
Mr. Green has gone to Guangzhou. He’ll be back next week.
格林先生去了广州，他下周回来。
2.I’ve been with Greener China for a year.
How many English words have you learned since you came？
解析“for + 一段时间”和“since + 时间名词或从句”常用于表示过去已经开始持续到现在的完成时态，表示动作持续了多长时间有时可同时都用.
如：She has learnt English for two years since she came to this school.
从她来这所学校起，她已经学了两年英语了.
We’ve studied English since 1999. We’ve learned it for 3 years.
从一九九九年起我们就一直在学英语，我们已学了三年了
She is ill. She has been like this since last night.
她病了，从昨晚起就像这样了.
注意：①for后接时间的多少：指时间的长度，如：
for a year， for an hour， for ten years，…
②since后可接具体的时间或从句，也可接“…ago”的短语，如：since yesterday, since two days ago，since nine o’clock，since she came back，since last Sunday， since 1990，…总之，for表示“多长时间”而since表示动作或状态是“从什么时候开始”.
3.
Mother，Mrs. Green，lived with her daughter and her son in a big city. She was already in her seventies. Every morning after breakfast she went for a walk in the park and came home at half past twelve for her lunch.
But on morning a police car stopped outside their house. Two policemen helped Mr. Green to get off the car. One of them said to her son，“The weak woman lost her way. So we sent a car to bring her home.” Her son was very surprised， but he thanked the policemen.
“Mother，you have been to that park every day for twenty years. How did you lose your way there？” Her son asked.
Mother said with a smile，“I didn’t lost my way at all. I just got tired and I didn’t want to walk home！
根据短文判断正误，正确的写“T’，错误的写“F”
( ) 1.Mrs Green lived with her children those days.
( ) 2.She was just seventy years old.
( ) 3.The police droved Mrs. Green home because she didn’t want to walk home.
( ) 4.Her son thought she really lost the way.
( ) 5.She has been to the park every day since twenty years ago.
分析 1.T.文中讲的是她和她的女儿和儿子一起住，因此是对的.2.F.因为文中讲她有七十几岁，而不是正好七十岁，所以错了，3.F.因为她告诉警察说她迷路了，警察送她回来的，而不是因为她不想走，警察才送她的.4.T.因为她儿子问她是怎么迷路的.所以是对的.5.T.她儿子说二十年来她天天去公园，所以是对的.


4.Where’s Jim？He to the cinema.
A have been B has been C. have gone D. has gone
解析 选D，从主语 he得知应用has而不是 have因而不会是 A和C，又从 Where’s Jim？得知Jim不在这儿因而不用been，所以只能选D.
5.We must make a contribution to the environment.
A improving B improve C protect D protected
解析 选A。因为 make a contribution to后只能接名词，代词或名词性短语和词组，而 B、C、D都不能，只有A可以构成动名词短误因此选A
6.Sorry，kept you .
A. stand B. wait C. to stand D. waiting
解析 选D.因为“keep + 宾语 + 宾补”中，宾补要是形容词，介词短语和动名词等表示“让…处于某处或某种状态”而不能直接用动词或不定式，所以选D.



【关于“Unit 3 Make our world more beautiful!”的常见问题】

常见问题1: Make our world more beautiful!1
问题：

根据汉语句子完成下列句子.
你现在能见医生，他正忙着给一个村民做手术.
You the doctor now. He is a villager.

解答:

分析 根据汉语句子完成英语句子是近年来常用来检查学生语言运用能力的一种题型，也是中考中常用的题型之一.
填can’t，see，busy，operating，on主要考查学生运用be busy(in)doing sth和 operate on sb.两个短语的综合运用能力.

常见问题2: Make our world more beautiful!2
问题：

根据汉语句子完成下列句子.
大桥附近有家工厂已十多年了.
a factory near the bridge for over ten years，

解答:

分析 根据汉语句子完成英语句子是近年来常用来检查学生语言运用能力的一种题型，也是中考中常用的题型之一.
填There，has，been是为了考查学生there be句型和完成时的综合运用能力.

常见问题3: Make our world more beautiful!3
问题：

根据汉语句子完成下列句子.
他一回来我马上把这个好消息告诉他.
I’ll tell time the good news he .

解答:

分析 根据汉语句子完成英语句子是近年来常用来检查学生语言运用能力的一种题型，也是中考中常用的题型之一.
填as，soon，as，comes，back，此题的目的是为考查“—…就…”用法和时间状语从句与主句的时态关系而选题的.


常见问题4: Make our world more beautiful!4
问题：

两个月是相当长的一段时间.(2000年，南京师大附中)
Two months long time.

解答:

填is，quite，a或 is rather a考查学生对“相当…”这词语的表达法.

常见问题5: Make our world more beautiful!5
问题：

刘英入团半年了(2000年湖南师大附中)
LiuYing’s a league member half a year.

解答:

填been，for考查学生对“入团”这一词的表达法和表示多长时间的for短语.

常见问题6: Make our world more beautiful!6
问题：

天气如此热，以至于我们都去游泳了.(2001年北京市)
It was hot we all went swimming

解答:

填so，that主要是考查so…that的用法及学生运用这一短语的能力，

常见问题7: Make our world more beautiful 1
问题：

改错
As soon as mother comes back, Jim begins to do his homework at once.
A B C D

解答:

分析as soon as在表示 一…就…时，不能与at once（立即，马上）连用，以免造成词义的重复，故应将As soon as改为After或When。
答案A
注意！此句也可以表达成：As soon as mother comes back，Jim begins to do his homework. 另外，as soon as possible的意思为 尽可能快 ，与as soon as的用法不一样，不要混淆。

常见问题8: Make our world more beautiful 8
问题：

Lucy and Lily can speak good Chinese, because they _______ China for six years. (山西省1999年中考题)
A．have been in B．have been to
C．have come to D．have gone to

解答:

分析 现在完成时的另一种用法，表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至还可能持续下去，常与for和since连用。
(1)for和since都可以表示一段时间，与现在完成时连用。for可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如：for three days(三天了)。since与表示某一具体时间的时间点连用，如：since 1980(自从1980年以来)，since three years ago(自从三年前)。
(2)用since或for表示的时间状语，其句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词。在现在完成时态里，如果要把瞬间动词和表示一段时间的词或短语连用，则需把瞬间动词换成近义的延续性动词，如come换成be here。
答案 A
注意! 此题容易忽略介词for而选B。把瞬间动词换成近义的延续性动词有：
die→be dead; buy→have; join the league →be a league member; leave→ be away; begin/start→ be on; come→be here; borrow→ keep ; fall asleep→be asleep; finish/end →be over; open→be open; close→be closed.

常见问题9: Make our world more beautiful 9
问题：

The room is very clean. You don’t need _______ it.
A．clean B．to clean C．cleaning D．cleaned

解答:

分析 need有两种用法。一种为实义动词，其用法是need to do，否定形式为don’t need to do。另一种为助动词，其用法是need do，否定形式为needn’t do。此句用实义动词，后接名词或不定式。
选项A、C、D与上述词组不符。
答案B
注意! need的两种用法容易混淆。应记住need为情态动词时，与can，may等词一样，后面要接动词原形。谨记这一点，就容易分清need do与need to do的用法。

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